To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc.:

 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc. and subsidiaries (“Merrill Lynch”) as of December 26, 2008 and December 28, 2007, and the related consolidated statements of (loss)/earnings, changes in stockholders’ equity, comprehensive (loss)/income and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 26, 2008. These financial statements are the responsibility of Merrill Lynch’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Merrill Lynch as of December 26, 2008 and December 28, 2007, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 26, 2008, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

 

As discussed in Notes 1 and 3 to the consolidated financial statements, in 2007 Merrill Lynch adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements,” Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities — Including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115,” and FASB Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, an Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109.”

 

As discussed in Note 1, Merrill Lynch became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Bank of America Corporation on January 1, 2009.

 

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Merrill Lynch’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 26, 2008, based on the criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 23, 2009 expressed an adverse opinion on Merrill Lynch’s internal control over financial reporting because of material weaknesses.

 

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

New York, New York

February 23, 2009

 

 

 See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 

Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets

 

 

 See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 

 See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 

 

 See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 

 

Non-cash investing and financing activities :

 

As a result of the conversion of $6.6 billion of Merrill Lynch’s mandatory convertible preferred stock, series 1, the Company recorded additional preferred dividends of $2.1 billion in 2008. The preferred dividends were paid in additional shares of common and preferred stock.

 

In satisfaction of Merrill Lynch’s obligations under the reset provisions contained in the investment agreement with Temasek, Merrill Lynch agreed to pay Temasek $2.5 billion, all of which was paid through the issuance of common stock.

 

As a result of the completed sale of Merrill Lynch’s 20% ownership stake in Bloomberg, L.P., Merrill Lynch recorded a $4.3 billion pre-tax gain. In connection with this sale, Merrill Lynch received notes totaling approximately $4.3 billion that have been recorded as held-to-maturity investment securities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

 See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 26, 2008

 

Note 1.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

 

Description of Business

 

Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc. (“ML & Co.”) and together with its subsidiaries, (“Merrill Lynch” or the “Company”) provide investment, financing, insurance, and related services to individuals and institutions on a global basis through its broker, dealer, banking, and other financial services subsidiaries. Its principal subsidiaries include:

 

 

Services provided to clients by Merrill Lynch and other activities include:

 

 

Bank of America Acquisition

 

On January 1, 2009, Merrill Lynch was acquired by Bank of America Corporation (“Bank of America”) through the merger of a wholly owned subsidiary of Bank of America with and into ML & Co. with ML & Co. continuing as the surviving corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of Bank of America. Upon completion of the acquisition, each outstanding share of ML & Co. common stock was

converted into 0.8595 shares of Bank of America common stock. As of the completion of the acquisition, ML & Co. Series 1 through Series 8 preferred stock were converted into Bank of America preferred stock with substantially identical terms of the corresponding series of Merrill Lynch preferred stock (except for additional voting rights provided to the Bank of America securities). The Merrill Lynch 9.00% Non-Voting Mandatory Convertible Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series 2, and 9.00% Non-Voting Mandatory Convertible Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series 3 that was outstanding immediately prior to the completion of the acquisition remained issued and outstanding subsequent to the acquisition, but are now convertible into Bank of America common stock.

 

Basis of Presentation

 

The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of ML & Co. and subsidiaries (collectively, “Merrill Lynch”). The Consolidated Financial Statements are presented in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, which include industry practices. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior period financial statements to conform to the current period presentation.

 

The Consolidated Financial Statements are presented in U.S. dollars. Many non-U.S. subsidiaries have a functional currency (i.e., the currency in which activities are primarily conducted) that is other than the U.S. dollar, often the currency of the country in which a subsidiary is domiciled. Subsidiaries’ assets and liabilities are translated to U.S. dollars at year-end exchange rates, while revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates during the year. Adjustments that result from translating amounts in a subsidiary’s functional currency and related hedging, net of related tax effects, are reported in stockholders’ equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. All other translation adjustments are included in earnings. Merrill Lynch uses derivatives to manage the currency exposure arising from activities in non-U.S. subsidiaries. See the Derivatives section for additional information on accounting for derivatives.

 

Merrill Lynch offers a broad array of products and services to its diverse client base of individuals, small to mid-size businesses, employee benefit plans, corporations, financial institutions, and governments around the world. These products and services are offered from a number of locations globally. In some cases, the same or similar products and services may be offered to both individual and institutional clients, utilizing the same infrastructure. In other cases, a single infrastructure may be used to support multiple products and services offered to clients. When Merrill Lynch analyzes its profitability, it does not focus on the profitability of a single product or service. Instead, Merrill Lynch views the profitability of businesses offering an array of products and services to various types of clients. The profitability of the products and services offered to individuals, small to mid-size businesses, and employee benefit plans is analyzed separately from the profitability of products and services offered to corporations, financial institutions, and governments, regardless of whether there is commonality in products and services infrastructure. As such, Merrill Lynch does not separately disclose the costs associated with the products and services sold or general and administrative costs either in total or by product.

 

When determining the prices for products and services, Merrill Lynch considers multiple factors, including prices being offered in the market for similar products and services, the competitiveness of its pricing compared to competitors, the profitability of its businesses and its overall profitability, as well as the profitability, creditworthiness, and importance of the overall client relationships.

 

Shared expenses that are incurred to support products and services and infrastructures are allocated to the businesses based on various methodologies, which may include headcount, square footage, and certain other criteria. Similarly, certain revenues may be shared based upon agreed methodologies. When looking at the profitability of various businesses, Merrill Lynch considers all expenses incurred, including overhead and the costs of shared services, as all are considered integral to the operation of the businesses.

Discontinued Operations

 

On August 13, 2007, Merrill Lynch announced a strategic business relationship with AEGON, N.V. (“AEGON”) in the areas of insurance and investment products. As part of this relationship, Merrill Lynch sold Merrill Lynch Life Insurance Company and ML Life Insurance Company of New York (together “Merrill Lynch Insurance Group” or “MLIG”) to AEGON for $1.3 billion in the fourth quarter of 2007, which resulted in an after-tax gain of approximately $316 million. The gain along with the financial results of MLIG, have been reported within discontinued operations for all periods presented. Merrill Lynch previously reported the results of MLIG in the Global Wealth Management (“GWM”) business segment. Refer to Note 16 for additional information.

 

On December 24, 2007 Merrill Lynch announced that it had reached an agreement with GE Capital to sell Merrill Lynch Capital, a wholly-owned middle-market commercial finance business. The sale included substantially all of Merrill Lynch Capital’s operations, including its commercial real estate division. This transaction closed on February 4, 2008. Merrill Lynch has included results of Merrill Lynch Capital within discontinued operations for all periods presented. Merrill Lynch previously reported results of Merrill Lynch Capital in the Global Markets and Investment Banking (“GMI”) business segment. Refer to Note 16 for additional information.

 

Consolidation Accounting Policies

 

The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Merrill Lynch, whose subsidiaries are generally controlled through a majority voting interest. In certain cases, Merrill Lynch subsidiaries may also be consolidated based on a risks and rewards approach. Merrill Lynch does not consolidate those special purpose entities that meet the criteria of a qualified special purpose entity (“QSPE”).

 

Merrill Lynch determines whether it is required to consolidate an entity by first evaluating whether the entity qualifies as a voting rights entity (“VRE”), a variable interest entity (“VIE”), or a QSPE.

 

VREs are defined to include entities that have both equity at risk that is sufficient to fund future operations and have equity investors with decision making ability that absorb the majority of the expected losses and expected returns of the entity. In accordance with SFAS No. 94, Consolidation of All Majority-Owned Subsidiaries, Merrill Lynch generally consolidates those VREs where it holds a controlling financial interest. For investments in limited partnerships and certain limited liability corporations that Merrill Lynch does not control, Merrill Lynch applies Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) Topic D-46, Accounting for Limited Partnership Investments, which requires use of the equity method of accounting for investors that have more than a minor influence, which is typically defined as an investment of greater than 3% of the outstanding equity in the entity. For more traditional corporate structures, in accordance with Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 18, The Equity Method of Accounting for Investments in Common Stock, Merrill Lynch applies the equity method of accounting where it has significant influence over the investee. Significant influence can be evidenced by a significant ownership interest (which is generally defined as a voting interest of 20% to 50%), significant board of director representation, or other contracts and arrangements.

 

VIEs — Those entities that do not meet the VRE criteria are generally analyzed for consolidation as either VIEs or QSPEs. Merrill Lynch consolidates those VIEs in which it absorbs the majority of the variability in expected losses and/or the variability in expected returns of the entity as required by FIN 46(R), Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities (“FIN 46(R)”). Merrill Lynch relies on a qualitative and/or quantitative analysis, including an analysis of the design of the entity, to determine if it is the primary beneficiary of the VIE and therefore must consolidate the VIE. Merrill Lynch reassesses whether it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE upon the occurrence of a reconsideration event.

 

QSPEs — QSPEs are passive entities with significantly limited permitted activities. QSPEs are generally used as securitization vehicles and are limited in the type of assets they may hold, the derivatives into which they can enter and the level of discretion that they may exercise through

servicing activities. In accordance with SFAS No. 140, Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishment of Liabilities (“SFAS No. 140”), and FIN 46(R), Merrill Lynch does not consolidate QSPEs.

 

Securitization Activities

 

In the normal course of business, Merrill Lynch securitizes commercial and residential mortgage loans; municipal, government, and corporate bonds; and other types of financial assets. Merrill Lynch may retain interests in the securitized financial assets by holding issuances of the securitization. In accordance with SFAS No. 140, where Merrill Lynch relinquishes control, it recognizes transfers of financial assets as sales to the extent of cash and any proceeds received. Control is considered to be relinquished when all of the following conditions have been met:

 

 

Revenue Recognition

 

Principal transactions revenues include both realized and unrealized gains and losses on trading assets and trading liabilities, investment securities classified as trading investments and fair value changes associated with structured debt. These instruments are recorded at fair value. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between marketplace participants. Gains and losses are recognized on a trade date basis.

 

Commissions revenues include commissions, mutual fund distribution fees and contingent deferred sales charge revenue, which are all accrued as earned. Commissions revenues also include mutual fund redemption fees, which are recognized at the time of redemption. Commissions revenues earned from certain customer equity transactions are recorded net of related brokerage, clearing and exchange fees.

 

Managed accounts and other fee-based revenues primarily consist of asset-priced portfolio service fees earned from the administration of separately managed accounts and other investment accounts for retail investors, annual account fees, and certain other account-related fees. In addition, until the merger of the Merrill Lynch Investment Management (“MLIM”) business with BlackRock, Inc. (“BlackRock”) at the end of the third quarter of 2006 (the “BlackRock Merger”), managed accounts and other fee-based revenues also included fees earned from the management and administration of retail mutual funds and institutional funds, such as pension assets, and performance fees earned on certain separately managed accounts and institutional money management arrangements.

 

Investment banking revenues include underwriting revenues and fees for merger and acquisition advisory services, which are accrued when services for the transactions are substantially completed. Underwriting revenues are presented net of transaction-related expenses. Transaction-related expenses, primarily legal, travel and other costs directly associated with the transaction, are deferred and recognized in the same period as the related revenue from the investment banking transaction to match revenue recognition.

 

Earnings from equity method investments include Merrill Lynch’s pro rata share of income and losses associated with investments accounted for under the equity method. In addition, earnings from equity method investments for the year ended December 26, 2008 included a gain of $4.3 billion associated with the sale of Bloomberg, L.P. (see Note 5).

Other revenues include gains/(losses) on investment securities, including sales and other-than-temporary-impairment losses associated with certain available-for-sale securities, gains/(losses) on private equity investments and gains/(losses) on loans and other miscellaneous items.

 

Contractual interest and dividends received and paid on trading assets and trading liabilities, excluding derivatives, are recognized on an accrual basis as a component of interest and dividend revenues and interest expense. Interest and dividends on investment securities are recognized on an accrual basis as a component of interest and dividend revenues. Interest related to loans, notes, and mortgages, securities financing activities and certain short- and long-term borrowings are recorded on an accrual basis with related interest recorded as interest revenue or interest expense, as applicable. Contractual interest, if any, on structured notes is recorded as a component of interest expense.

 

Use of Estimates

 

In presenting the Consolidated Financial Statements, management makes estimates regarding:

 

 

Estimates, by their nature, are based on judgment and available information. Therefore, actual results could differ from those estimates and could have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements, and it is possible that such changes could occur in the near term. A discussion of certain areas in which estimates are a significant component of the amounts reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements follows:

 

Fair Value Measurement

 

Merrill Lynch accounts for a significant portion of its financial instruments at fair value or considers fair value in their measurement. Merrill Lynch accounts for certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value under various accounting literature, including SFAS No. 115, Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities (“SFAS No. 115”), SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (“SFAS No. 133”), and SFAS No. 159, Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Liabilities (“SFAS No. 159”). Merrill Lynch also accounts for certain assets at fair value under applicable industry guidance, namely broker-dealer and investment company accounting guidance.

 

Merrill Lynch early adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements (“SFAS No. 157”), in the first quarter of 2007. SFAS No. 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, establishes a fair value hierarchy based on the quality of inputs used to measure fair value and enhances disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 nullifies the guidance provided by EITF Issue No. 02-3, Issues Involved in Accounting for Derivative Contracts Held for Trading Purposes and Contracts Involved in Energy Trading and Risk Management Activities (“EITF 02-3”), which prohibited recognition of day one gains or losses on derivative transactions where model inputs that significantly impact valuation are not observable.

Fair values for over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivative financial instruments, principally forwards, options, and swaps, represent the present value of amounts estimated to be received from or paid to a marketplace participant in settlement of these instruments (i.e., the amount Merrill Lynch would expect to receive in a derivative asset assignment or would expect to pay to have a derivative liability assumed). These derivatives are valued using pricing models based on the net present value of estimated future cash flows and directly observed prices from exchange-traded derivatives, other OTC trades, or external pricing services, while taking into account the counterparty’s creditworthiness, or Merrill Lynch’s own creditworthiness, as appropriate. Determining the fair value for OTC derivative contracts can require a significant level of estimation and management judgment.

 

New and/or complex instruments may have immature or limited markets. As a result, the pricing models used for valuation often incorporate significant estimates and assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the instrument, which may impact the results of operations reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements. For instance, on long-dated and illiquid contracts extrapolation methods are applied to observed market data in order to estimate inputs and assumptions that are not directly observable. This enables Merrill Lynch to mark to fair value all positions consistently when only a subset of prices are directly observable. Values for OTC derivatives are verified using observed information about the costs of hedging the risk and other trades in the market. As the markets for these products develop, Merrill Lynch continually refines its pricing models to correlate more closely to the market price of these instruments.

 

Prior to adoption of SFAS No. 157, Merrill Lynch followed the provisions of EITF 02-3. Under EITF 02-3, recognition of day one gains and losses on derivative transactions where model inputs that significantly impact valuation are not observable were prohibited. Day one gains and losses deferred at inception under EITF 02-3 were recognized at the earlier of when the valuation of such derivatives became observable or at the termination of the contract. Although the guidance in EITF 02-3 has been nullified, the recognition of significant inception gains and losses that incorporate unobservable inputs is reviewed by management to ensure such gains and losses are derived from observable inputs and/or incorporate reasonable assumptions about the unobservable component, such as implied bid-offer adjustments.

 

Certain financial instruments recorded at fair value are initially measured using mid-market prices which results in gross long and short positions marked-to-market at the same pricing level prior to the application of position netting. The resulting net positions are then adjusted to fair value representing the exit price as defined in SFAS No. 157. The significant adjustments include liquidity and counterparty credit risk.

 

Liquidity

 

Merrill Lynch makes adjustments to bring a position from a mid-market to a bid or offer price, depending upon the net open position. Merrill Lynch values net long positions at bid prices and net short positions at offer prices. These adjustments are based upon either observable or implied bid-offer prices.

 

Counterparty Credit Risk

 

In determining fair value, Merrill Lynch considers both the credit risk of its counterparties, as well as its own creditworthiness. Merrill Lynch attempts to mitigate credit risk to third parties by entering into netting and collateral arrangements. Net counterparty exposure (counterparty positions netted by offsetting transactions and both cash and securities collateral) is then valued for counterparty creditworthiness and this resultant value is incorporated into the fair value of the respective instruments. Merrill Lynch generally calculates the credit risk adjustment for derivatives on observable market credit spreads.

 

SFAS No. 157 also requires that Merrill Lynch consider its own creditworthiness when determining the fair value of an instrument, including OTC derivative instruments. The approach to measuring the

impact of Merrill Lynch’s credit risk on an instrument is done in the same manner as for third party credit risk. The impact of Merrill Lynch’s credit risk is incorporated into the fair value, even when credit risk is not readily observable, of an instrument such as in OTC derivatives contracts. OTC derivative liabilities are valued based on the net counterparty exposure as described above.

 

Legal Reserves

 

Merrill Lynch is a party in various actions, some of which involve claims for substantial amounts. Amounts are accrued for the financial resolution of claims that have either been asserted or are deemed probable of assertion if, in the opinion of management, it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. In many cases, it is not possible to determine whether a liability has been incurred or to estimate the ultimate or minimum amount of that liability until the case is close to resolution, in which case no accrual is made until that time. Accruals are subject to significant estimation by management with input from outside counsel.

 

Income Taxes

 

Merrill Lynch provides for income taxes on all transactions that have been recognized in the Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes (“SFAS No. 109”). Accordingly, deferred taxes are adjusted to reflect the tax rates at which future taxable amounts will likely be settled or realized. The effects of tax rate changes on future deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, as well as other changes in income tax laws, are recognized in net earnings in the period during which such changes are enacted. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized. Merrill Lynch assesses its ability to realize deferred tax assets based on past and projected earnings, tax carryforward periods, tax planning strategies and other factors of the legal entities through which the deferred tax assets will be realized as discussed in SFAS No. 109. Deferred tax assets of approximately $10.0 billion, which were previously classified as interest and other receivables at December 28, 2007, have been restated to other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

 

Merrill Lynch recognizes and measures its unrecognized tax benefits in accordance with FASB Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes (“FIN 48”). Merrill Lynch estimates the likelihood, based on the technical merits, that tax positions will be sustained upon examination based on the facts and circumstances and information available at the end of each period. Merrill Lynch adjusts the level of unrecognized tax benefits when there is more information available, or when an event occurs requiring a change. The reassessment of unrecognized tax benefits could have a material impact on Merrill Lynch’s effective tax rate in the period in which it occurs.

 

ML & Co. and certain of its wholly-owned subsidiaries file a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return. Certain other Merrill Lynch entities file tax returns in their local jurisdictions. See Note 14 for a further discussion of income taxes.

 

Goodwill and Intangibles

 

Merrill Lynch makes certain complex judgments with respect to its goodwill and intangible assets. These include assumptions and estimates used to determine the fair value of its reporting units. Reporting unit fair value is determined using market-multiple and discounted cash flow analyses. Merrill Lynch also makes assumptions and estimates in valuing its intangible assets and determining the useful lives of its intangible assets with definite lives. Refer to Note 8 for further information.

 

Employee Stock Options

 

The fair value of stock options with vesting based solely on service requirements is estimated as of the grant date based on a Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value of stock options with vesting that is partially dependent on pre-determined increases in the price of Merrill Lynch’s common stock is estimated as of the grant date using a lattice option pricing model. These models take into account the

exercise price and expected life of the option, the current price of the underlying stock and its expected volatility, expected dividends and the risk-free interest rate for the expected term of the option. Judgment is required in determining certain of the inputs to the model. The expected life of the option is based on an analysis of historical employee exercise behavior. The expected volatility is based on Merrill Lynch’s implied stock price volatility for the same number of months as the expected life of the option. The fair value of the option estimated at grant date is not adjusted for subsequent changes in assumptions.

 

Balance Sheet

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

Merrill Lynch defines cash equivalents as short-term, highly liquid securities, federal funds sold, and interest-earning deposits with maturities, when purchased, of 90 days or less, that are not used for trading purposes. The amounts recognized for cash and cash equivalents in the Consolidated Balance Sheets approximate fair value.

 

Cash and Securities Segregated for Regulatory Purposes or Deposited with Clearing Organizations

 

Merrill Lynch maintains relationships with clients around the world and, as a result, it is subject to various regulatory regimes. As a result of its client activities, Merrill Lynch is obligated by rules mandated by its primary regulators, including the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and the Commodities Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) in the United States and the Financial Services Authority (“FSA”) in the United Kingdom to segregate or set aside cash and/or qualified securities to satisfy these regulations, which have been promulgated to protect customer assets. In addition, Merrill Lynch is a member of various clearing organizations at which it maintains cash and/or securities required for the conduct of its day-to-day clearance activities. The amounts recognized for cash and securities segregated for regulatory purposes or deposited with clearing organizations in the Consolidated Balance Sheets approximate fair value.

 

Securities Financing Transactions

 

Merrill Lynch enters into repurchase and resale agreements and securities borrowed and loaned transactions to accommodate customers and earn interest rate spreads (also referred to as “matched-book transactions”), obtain securities for settlement and finance inventory positions.

 

Resale and repurchase agreements are accounted for as collateralized financing transactions and may be recorded at their contractual amounts plus accrued interest or at fair value under the fair value option election in SFAS No. 159. Resale and repurchase agreements recorded at fair value are generally valued based on pricing models that use inputs with observable levels of price transparency.

 

Where the fair value option has been elected, changes in the fair value of resale and repurchase agreements are reflected in principal transactions revenues and the contractual interest coupon is recorded as interest revenue or interest expense, respectively. For further information refer to Note 3. Resale and repurchase agreements recorded at their contractual amounts plus accrued interest approximate fair value, as the fair value of these items is not materially sensitive to shifts in market interest rates because of the short-term nature of these instruments and/or variable interest rates or to credit risk because the resale and repurchase agreements are fully collateralized.

 

Merrill Lynch’s policy is to obtain possession of collateral with a market value equal to or in excess of the principal amount loaned under resale agreements. To ensure that the market value of the underlying collateral remains sufficient, collateral is generally valued daily and Merrill Lynch may require counterparties to deposit additional collateral or may return collateral pledged when appropriate.

 

Substantially all repurchase and resale activities are transacted under master repurchase agreements that give Merrill Lynch the right, in the event of default, to liquidate collateral held and to offset

receivables and payables with the same counterparty. Merrill Lynch offsets certain repurchase and resale agreement balances with the same counterparty on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

 

Merrill Lynch may use securities received as collateral for resale agreements to satisfy regulatory requirements such as Rule 15c3-3 of the SEC.

 

Securities borrowed and loaned transactions may be recorded at the amount of cash collateral advanced or received plus accrued interest or at fair value under the fair value option election in SFAS No. 159. Securities borrowed transactions require Merrill Lynch to provide the counterparty with collateral in the form of cash, letters of credit, or other securities. Merrill Lynch receives collateral in the form of cash or other securities for securities loaned transactions. For these transactions, the fees received or paid by Merrill Lynch are recorded as interest revenue or expense. On a daily basis, Merrill Lynch monitors the market value of securities borrowed or loaned against the collateral value, and Merrill Lynch may require counterparties to deposit additional collateral or may return collateral pledged, when appropriate. The carrying value of these instruments approximates fair value as these items are not materially sensitive to shifts in market interest rates because of their short-term nature and/or their variable interest rates.

 

All firm-owned securities pledged to counterparties where the counterparty has the right, by contract or custom, to sell or repledge the securities are disclosed parenthetically in trading assets or, if applicable, in investment securities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

 

In transactions where Merrill Lynch acts as the lender in a securities lending agreement and receives securities that can be pledged or sold as collateral, it recognizes an asset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets carried at fair value, representing the securities received (securities received as collateral), and a liability for the same amount, representing the obligation to return those securities (obligation to return securities received as collateral). The amounts on the Consolidated Balance Sheets result from non-cash transactions.

 

Trading Assets and Liabilities

 

Merrill Lynch’s trading activities consist primarily of securities brokerage and trading; derivatives dealing and brokerage; commodities trading and futures brokerage; and securities financing transactions. Trading assets and trading liabilities consist of cash instruments (e.g., securities and loans) and derivative instruments used for trading purposes or for managing risk exposures in other trading inventory. See the Derivatives section of this Note for additional information on the accounting for derivatives. Trading assets and trading liabilities also include commodities inventory.

 

Trading assets and liabilities are generally recorded on a trade date basis at fair value. Included in trading liabilities are securities that Merrill Lynch has sold but did not own and will therefore be obligated to purchase at a future date (“short sales”). Commodities inventory is recorded at the lower of cost or market value. Changes in fair value of trading assets and liabilities (i.e., unrealized gains and losses) are recognized as principal transactions revenues in the current period. Realized gains and losses and any related interest amounts are included in principal transactions revenues and interest revenues and expenses, depending on the nature of the instrument.

 

Derivatives

 

A derivative is an instrument whose value is derived from an underlying instrument or index, such as interest rates, equity security prices, currencies, commodity prices or credit spreads. Derivatives include futures, forwards, swaps, option contracts and other financial instruments with similar characteristics. Derivative contracts often involve future commitments to exchange interest payment streams or currencies based on a notional or contractual amount (e.g., interest rate swaps or currency forwards) or to purchase or sell other financial instruments at specified terms on a specified date (e.g., options to buy or sell securities or currencies). Derivative activity is subject to Merrill Lynch’s overall risk management policies and procedures.

SFAS No. 133, as amended, establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments, including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts (“embedded derivatives”) and for hedging activities. SFAS No. 133 requires that an entity recognize all derivatives as either assets or liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and measure those instruments at fair value. The fair value of derivatives is recorded on a net-by-counterparty basis on the Consolidated Balance Sheets where management believes a legal right of setoff exists under an enforceable netting agreement.

 

The accounting for changes in fair value of a derivative instrument depends on its intended use and if it is designated and qualifies as an accounting hedging instrument under SFAS No. 133.

 

Merrill Lynch enters into derivatives to facilitate client transactions, for proprietary trading and financing purposes, and to manage risk exposures arising from trading assets and liabilities. Derivatives entered into for these purposes are recognized at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as trading assets and liabilities, and changes in fair value are reported in current period earnings as principal transactions revenues.

 

Merrill Lynch also enters into derivatives in order to manage risk exposures arising from assets and liabilities not carried at fair value as follows:

 

 

 

 

Derivatives entered into by Merrill Lynch to hedge its funding, marketable investment securities and net investments in foreign subsidiaries are reported at fair value in other assets or interest and other payables on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Derivatives used to hedge commodity inventory are included in trading assets and trading liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

 

Derivatives that qualify as accounting hedges under the guidance in SFAS No. 133 are designated as one of the following:

 

 

 

Merrill Lynch formally assesses, both at the inception of the hedge and on an ongoing basis, whether the hedging derivatives are highly effective in offsetting changes in fair value or cash flows of hedged items. When it is determined that a derivative is not highly effective as a hedge, Merrill Lynch discontinues hedge accounting. Under the provisions of SFAS No. 133, 100% hedge effectiveness is assumed for those derivatives whose terms meet the conditions of the SFAS No. 133 “short-cut method.”

 

As noted above, Merrill Lynch enters into fair value and cash flow hedges of interest rate exposure associated with certain investment securities and debt issuances. Merrill Lynch uses interest rate swaps to hedge this exposure. Hedge effectiveness testing is required for certain of these hedging relationships on a quarterly basis. For fair value hedges, Merrill Lynch assesses effectiveness on a prospective basis by comparing the expected change in the price of the hedge instrument to the expected change in the value of the hedged item under various interest rate shock scenarios. For cash flow hedges, Merrill Lynch assesses effectiveness on a prospective basis by comparing the present value of the projected cash flows on the variable leg of the hedge instrument against the present value of the projected cash flows of the hedged item (the “change in variable cash flows” method) under various interest rate, prepayment and credit shock scenarios. In addition, Merrill Lynch assesses effectiveness on a retrospective basis using the dollar-offset ratio approach. When assessing hedge effectiveness, there are no attributes of the derivatives used to hedge the fair value exposure that are excluded from the assessment. Ineffectiveness associated with these hedges was immaterial for all periods presented. As of December 26, 2008, Merrill Lynch had discontinued its cash flow hedges on marketable investment securities. The cash flows that had been hedged were still expected to occur, therefore, amounts remained in accumulated other comprehensive loss in the Consolidated Balance Sheets in relation to these hedges. Of the deferred net gains from cash flow hedges that were in accumulated other comprehensive loss on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 26, 2008, $31 million are expected to be reclassified into earnings during 2009.

 

Merrill Lynch also enters into fair value hedges of commodity price risk associated with certain commodity inventory. For these hedges, Merrill Lynch assesses effectiveness on a prospective and retrospective basis using regression techniques. The difference between the spot rate and the contracted forward rate which represents the time value of money is excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness and is recorded in principal transactions revenues. The amount of ineffectiveness related to these hedges reported in earnings was not material for all periods presented.

 

For hedges of net investments in foreign operations, gains of $1,649 million and losses of $432 million related to non-U.S. dollar hedges of investments in non-U.S. dollar subsidiaries were included in accumulated other comprehensive loss on the Consolidated Balance Sheets for the years ended 2008 and 2007, respectively. In 2008, hedging gains were substantially offset by net losses on translation of the foreign investments. Conversely, in 2007, the hedge losses were substantially offset by net gains on the translation of the foreign investments.

Netting of Derivative Contracts

 

Where Merrill Lynch has entered into a legally enforceable netting agreement with counterparties, it reports derivative assets and liabilities, and any related cash collateral, net in the Consolidated Balance Sheets in accordance with FIN No. 39, Offsetting Amounts Related to Certain Contracts (“FIN No. 39”). Derivative assets and liabilities are presented net of cash collateral of approximately $50.2 billion and $65.5 billion, respectively, at December 26, 2008 and $13.5 billion and $39.7 billion, respectively, at December 28, 2007.

 

Derivatives that Contain a Significant Financing Element

 

In the ordinary course of trading activities, Merrill Lynch enters into certain transactions that are documented as derivatives where a significant cash investment is made by one party. Certain derivative instruments that contain a significant financing element at inception and where Merrill Lynch is deemed to be the borrower are included in financing activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The cash flows from all other derivative transactions that do not contain a significant financing element at inception are included in operating activities.

 

Investment Securities

 

Investment securities consist of marketable investment securities and non-qualifying investments. Refer to Note 5.

 

Marketable Investments

 

ML & Co. and certain of its non-broker-dealer subsidiaries, including Merrill Lynch banks, follow the guidance in SFAS No. 115 when accounting for investments in debt and publicly traded equity securities. Merrill Lynch classifies those debt securities that it has the intent and ability to hold to maturity as held-to-maturity securities. Held-to-maturity securities are carried at cost unless a decline in value is deemed other-than-temporary, in which case the carrying value is reduced. For Merrill Lynch, the trading classification under SFAS No. 115 generally includes those securities that are bought and held principally for the purpose of selling them in the near term, securities that are economically hedged, or securities that may contain a bifurcatable embedded derivative as defined in SFAS No. 133. Securities classified as trading are marked to fair value through earnings. All other qualifying securities are classified as available-for-sale and held at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss. Any unrealized losses that are deemed other-than-temporary are included in current period earnings and removed from accumulated other comprehensive loss.

 

Realized gains and losses on investment securities are included in current period earnings. For purposes of computing realized gains and losses, the cost basis of each investment sold is generally based on the average cost method.

 

Merrill Lynch regularly (at least quarterly) evaluates each held-to-maturity and available-for-sale security whose value has declined below amortized cost to assess whether the decline in fair value is other-than-temporary. A decline in a debt security’s fair value is considered to be other-than-temporary if it is probable that all amounts contractually due will not be collected or management determines that it does not have the intent and ability to hold the security for a period of time sufficient for a forecasted market price recovery up to or beyond the amortized cost of the security.

 

Merrill Lynch’s impairment review generally includes:

 

 

 

 

 

Non-Qualifying Investments

 

Non-qualifying investments are those investments that are not within the scope of SFAS No. 115 and primarily include private equity investments accounted for at fair value and securities carried at cost or under the equity method of accounting.

 

Private equity investments that are held for capital appreciation and/or current income are accounted for under the AICPA Accounting and Auditing Guide, Investment Companies (the “Investment Company Guide”) and carried at fair value. Additionally, certain private equity investments that are not accounted for under the Investment Company Guide may be carried at fair value under the fair value option election in SFAS No. 159. The carrying value of private equity investments reflects expected exit values based upon market prices or other valuation methodologies including expected cash flows and market comparables of similar companies.

 

Merrill Lynch has minority investments in the common shares of corporations and in partnerships that do not fall within the scope of SFAS No. 115 or the Investment Company Guide. Merrill Lynch accounts for these investments using either the cost or the equity method of accounting based on management’s ability to influence the investees. See the Consolidation Accounting Policies section of this Note for more information.

 

For investments accounted for using the equity method, income is recognized based on Merrill Lynch’s share of the earnings or losses of the investee. Dividend distributions are generally recorded as reductions in the investment balance. Impairment testing is based on the guidance provided in APB Opinion No. 18, The Equity Method of Accounting for Investments in Common Stock, and the investment is reduced when an impairment is deemed other-than-temporary.

 

For investments accounted for at cost, income is recognized as dividends are received. Impairment testing is based on the guidance provided in FASB Staff Position Nos. SFAS 115-1 and SFAS 124-1, The Meaning of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment and Its Application to Certain Investments, and the cost basis is reduced when an impairment is determined to be other-than-temporary.

 

Loans, Notes and Mortgages, Net

 

Merrill Lynch’s lending and related activities include loan originations, syndications and securitizations. Loan originations include corporate and institutional loans, residential and commercial mortgages, asset-based loans, and other loans to individuals and businesses. Merrill Lynch also engages in secondary market loan trading (see Trading Assets and Liabilities section) and margin lending. Loans included in loans, notes, and mortgages are classified for accounting purposes as loans held for investment and loans held for sale.

 

Loans held for investment are carried at amortized cost, less an allowance for loan losses. The provision for loan losses is based on management’s estimate of the amount necessary to maintain the allowance for loan losses at a level adequate to absorb probable incurred loan losses and is included in interest revenue in the Consolidated Statements of (Loss)/Earnings. Management’s estimate of loan losses is influenced by many factors, including adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, current economic conditions, prior loan loss experience, and the estimated fair value of any

underlying collateral. The fair value of collateral is generally determined by third-party appraisals in the case of residential mortgages, quoted market prices for securities, or other types of estimates for other assets.

 

Management’s estimate of loan losses includes judgment about collectibility based on available information at the balance sheet date, and the uncertainties inherent in those underlying assumptions. While management has based its estimates on the best information available, future adjustments to the allowance for loan losses may be necessary as a result of changes in the economic environment or variances between actual results and the original assumptions.

 

In general, loans are evaluated for impairment when they are greater than 90 days past due or exhibit credit quality weakness. Loans are considered impaired when it is probable that Merrill Lynch will not be able to collect the contractual principal and interest due from the borrower. All payments received on impaired loans are applied to principal until the principal balance has been reduced to a level where collection of the remaining recorded investment is not in doubt. Typically, when collection of principal on an impaired loan is not in doubt, contractual interest will be credited to interest income when received.

 

Loans held for sale are carried at lower of cost or fair value. The fair value option in SFAS No. 159 has been elected for certain held for sale loans, notes and mortgages. Estimation is required in determining these fair values. The fair value of loans made in connection with commercial lending activity, consisting mainly of senior debt, is primarily estimated using the market value of publicly issued debt instruments or discounted cash flows. Merrill Lynch’s estimate of fair value for other loans, notes, and mortgages is determined based on the individual loan characteristics. For certain homogeneous categories of loans, including residential mortgages, automobile loans, and home equity loans, fair value is estimated using a whole loan valuation or an “as-if” securitized price based on market conditions. An “as-if” securitized price is based on estimated performance of the underlying asset pool collateral, rating agency credit structure assumptions and market pricing for similar securitizations previously executed. Declines in the carrying value of loans held for sale and loans accounted for at fair value under the fair value option are included in other revenues in the Consolidated Statements of (Loss)/Earnings.

 

Nonrefundable loan origination fees, loan commitment fees, and “draw down” fees received in conjunction with held for investment loans are generally deferred and recognized over the contractual life of the loan as an adjustment to the yield. If, at the outset, or any time during the term of the loan, it becomes probable that the repayment period will be extended, the amortization is recalculated using the expected remaining life of the loan. When the loan contract does not provide for a specific maturity date, management’s best estimate of the repayment period is used. At repayment of the loan, any unrecognized deferred fee is immediately recognized in earnings. If the loan is accounted for as held for sale, the fees received are deferred and recognized as part of the gain or loss on sale in other revenues. If the loan is accounted for under the fair value option, the fees are included in the determination of the fair value and included in other revenue.

 

Other Receivables and Payables

 

Customer Receivables and Payables

 

Customer securities transactions are recorded on a settlement date basis. Receivables from and payables to customers include amounts due on cash and margin transactions, including futures contracts transacted on behalf of Merrill Lynch customers. Due to their short-term nature, such amounts approximate fair value. Securities owned by customers, including those that collateralize margin or other similar transactions, are not reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

 

Brokers and Dealers Receivables and Payables

 

Receivables from brokers and dealers include amounts receivable for securities not delivered by Merrill Lynch to a purchaser by the settlement date (“fails to deliver”), margin deposits, commissions, and net

receivables arising from unsettled trades. Payables to brokers and dealers include amounts payable for securities not received by Merrill Lynch from a seller by the settlement date (“fails to receive”). Brokers and dealers receivables and payables also include amounts related to futures contracts on behalf of Merrill Lynch customers as well as net payables and receivables from unsettled trades. Due to their short-term nature, the amounts recognized for brokers and dealers receivables and payables approximate fair value.

 

Interest and Other Receivables and Payables

 

Interest and other receivables include interest receivable on corporate and governmental obligations, customer or other receivables, and stock-borrowed transactions. Also included are receivables from income taxes, underwriting and advisory fees, commissions and fees, and other receivables. Interest and other payables include interest payable for stock-loaned transactions, and short-term and long-term borrowings. Also included are amounts payable for employee compensation and benefits, income taxes, minority interest, non-trading derivatives, dividends, other reserves, and other payables.

 

Equipment and Facilities

 

Equipment and facilities consist primarily of technology hardware and software, leasehold improvements, and owned facilities. Equipment and facilities are reported at historical cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization, except for land, which is reported at historical cost.

 

Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method. Equipment is depreciated over its estimated useful life, while leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the improvement’s estimated economic useful life or the term of the lease. Maintenance and repair costs are expensed as incurred.

 

Included in occupancy and related depreciation expense was depreciation and amortization of $302 million, $258 million, and $216 million in 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Depreciation and amortization recognized in communications and technology expense was $488 million, $394 million, and $303 million for 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.

 

Qualifying costs incurred in the development of internal-use software are capitalized when costs exceed $5 million and are amortized over the useful life of the developed software, generally not exceeding three years.

 

Goodwill

 

Goodwill is the cost of an acquired company in excess of the fair value of identifiable net assets at the acquisition date. Goodwill is tested annually (or more frequently under certain conditions) for impairment at the reporting unit level in accordance with SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (“SFAS No. 142”). Refer to Note 8 for further information.

 

Intangible Assets

 

Intangible assets consist primarily of value assigned to customer relationships and core deposits. Intangible assets with definite lives are tested for impairment in accordance with SFAS No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets (“SFAS No. 144”), whenever certain conditions exist which would indicate the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Intangible assets with definitive lives are amortized over their respective estimated useful lives.

 

Other Assets

 

Other assets include unrealized gains on derivatives used to hedge Merrill Lynch’s non-trading borrowing and investing activities. All of these derivatives are recorded at fair value with changes reflected in earnings or accumulated other comprehensive loss (refer to the Derivatives section for more information). Other assets also include deferred tax assets, the excess of the fair value of pension

assets over the related benefit obligations, other prepaid expenses, and other deferred charges. Refer to Note 12 for further information.

 

In addition, real estate purchased for investment purposes is also included in other assets. Real estate held in this category may be classified as either held and used or held for sale depending on the facts and circumstances. Real estate held and used is valued at cost, less depreciation, and real estate held for sale is valued at the lower of cost or fair value, less estimated costs to sell.

 

Deposits

 

Savings deposits are interest-bearing accounts that have no maturity or expiration date, whereby the depositor is not required by the deposit contract, but may at any time be required by the depository institution, to give written notice of an intended withdrawal not less than seven days before withdrawal is made. Certificates of deposits are accounts that have a stipulated maturity and interest rate. However, depositors may recover their funds prior to the stated maturity but may pay a penalty to do so. In certain cases, Merrill Lynch enters into interest rate swaps to hedge the fair value risk in these deposits. The carrying amount of deposits approximates fair value amounts. Refer to the Derivatives section for more information.

 

Short- and Long-Term Borrowings

 

Merrill Lynch’s general-purpose funding is principally obtained from medium-term and long-term borrowings. Commercial paper, when issued at a discount, is recorded at the proceeds received and accreted to its par value. Long-term borrowings are carried at either the principal amount borrowed, net of unamortized discounts or premiums, adjusted for the effects of fair value hedges or fair value if it has been elected under SFAS No. 159.

 

Merrill Lynch issues structured debt instruments that have coupons or repayment terms linked to the performance of debt or equity securities, indices, currencies, or commodities, generally referred to as hybrid debt instruments or structured notes. The contingent payment components of these obligations may meet the definition in SFAS No. 133 of an “embedded derivative.” Historically, these hybrid debt instruments were assessed to determine if the embedded derivative required separate reporting (i.e. bifurcation) and accounting, and if so, the embedded derivative was accounted for at fair value and reported in long-term borrowings on the Consolidated Balance Sheets along with the debt obligation. Changes in the fair value of the bifurcated embedded derivative and related economic hedges were reported in principal transactions revenues. Separating an embedded derivative from its host contract required careful analysis, judgment, and an understanding of the terms and conditions of the instrument. Beginning in the first quarter of 2007, Merrill Lynch elected the fair value option in SFAS No. 159 for all hybrid debt instruments issued subsequent to December 29, 2006. Changes in fair value of the entire hybrid debt instrument are reflected in principal transactions revenues and the contractual interest coupon, if any, is recorded as interest expense. For further information refer to Note 3.

 

Merrill Lynch uses derivatives to manage the interest rate, currency, equity, and other risk exposures of its borrowings. See the Derivatives section for additional information on accounting policy for derivatives.

 

Stock-Based Compensation

 

Merrill Lynch accounts for stock-based compensation expense in accordance with SFAS No. 123(R), Share-Based Payment (“SFAS No. 123(R)”). Under SFAS No. 123(R), compensation expense for share-based awards that do not require future service are recorded immediately, while those that do require future service are amortized into expense over the relevant service period. Further, expected forfeitures of share-based compensation awards for non-retirement-eligible employees are included in determining compensation expense.

New Accounting Pronouncements

 

In January 2009, the FASB issued FSP EITF 99-20-1, Amendments to the Impairment Guidance of EITF Issue No. 99-20 (“FSP EITF 99-20-1”), which eliminates the requirement that the holder’s best estimate of cash flows be based upon those that a “market participant” would use. FSP EITF 99-20-1 was amended to require recognition of other-than-temporary impairment when it is “probable” that there has been an adverse change in the holder’s best estimate of cash flows from the cash flows previously projected. This amendment aligns the impairment guidance under EITF 99-20, Recognition of Interest Income and Impairment on Purchased Beneficial Interests and Beneficial Interests That Continue to Be Held by a Transferor in Securitized Financial Assets, with the guidance in SFAS No. 115. FSP EITF 99-20-1 retains and re-emphasizes the other-than-temporary impairment guidance and disclosures in pre-existing GAAP and SEC requirements. FSP EITF 99-20-1 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods ending after December 15, 2008. FSP EITF 99-20-1 did not have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

In December 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 140-4 and FIN 46(R)-8, Disclosures by Public Entities (Enterprises) about Transfers of Financial Assets and Interests in Variable Interest Entities (“FSP FAS 140-4 and FIN 46(R)-8”), which requires expanded disclosures for transfers of financial assets and involvement with variable interest entities (“VIEs”). Under this guidance, the disclosure objectives related to transfers of financial assets now include providing information on (i) Merrill Lynch’s continued involvement with financial assets transferred in a securitization or asset backed financing arrangement, (ii) the nature of restrictions on assets held by Merrill Lynch that relate to transferred financial assets, and (iii) the impact on financial results of continued involvement with assets sold and assets transferred in secured borrowing arrangements. VIE disclosure objectives now include providing information on (i) significant judgments and assumptions used by Merrill Lynch to determine the consolidation or disclosure of a VIE, (ii) the nature of restrictions related to the assets of a consolidated VIE, (iii) the nature of risks related to Merrill Lynch’s involvement with the VIE and (iv) the impact on financial results related to Merrill Lynch’s involvement with the VIE. Certain disclosures are also required where Merrill Lynch is a non-transferor sponsor or servicer of a QSPE. FSP FAS 140-4 and FIN 46(R)-8 is effective for the first reporting period ending after December 15, 2008, and the required disclosures have been reflected in Note 4 and Note 6. Since the FSP only requires certain additional disclosures, it did not affect Merrill Lynch’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

 

In October 2008, the FASB issued Staff Position No. 157-3, Determining the Fair Value of a Financial Asset When the Market for That Asset Is Not Active (“FSP FAS 157-3”). FSP FAS 157-3 clarifies the application of SFAS No. 157 in periods of market dislocation and provides an example to illustrate key considerations for determining the fair value of a financial asset when the market for that asset is not active. FSP FAS 157-3 became effective upon issuance and is applicable for periods for which financial statements have not been issued. The clarifying guidance provided in FSP FAS 157-3 did not result in a change to Merrill Lynch’s application of SFAS No. 157 and did not have an impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

In September 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 133-1 and FIN 45-4, Disclosures about Credit Derivatives and Certain Guarantees: An Amendment of FASB Statement No. 133 and FASB Interpretation No. 45; and Clarification of the Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 161 (“FSP FAS 133-1 and FIN 45-4”), which amends SFAS No. 133 to require expanded disclosures regarding the potential effect of credit derivative instruments on an entity’s financial position, financial performance and cash flows. FSP FAS 133-1 and FIN 45-4 applies to credit derivative instruments where Merrill Lynch is the seller of protection. This includes freestanding credit derivative instruments as well as credit derivatives that are embedded in hybrid instruments. FSP FAS 133-1 and FIN 45-4 additionally amends FASB Interpretation No. 45, Guarantor’s Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others (“FIN 45”) to require an additional disclosure about the current status of the payment/performance risk of guarantees. FSP FAS 133-1 and FIN 45-4 is effective prospectively for financial statements issued for fiscal years and

interim periods ending after November 15, 2008. See Note 11 for further information regarding these disclosures. Since the FSP only requires certain additional disclosures, it did not affect Merrill Lynch’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

 

In May 2008, the FASB issued FSP APB 14-1, Accounting for Convertible Debt Instruments That May Be Settled in Cash upon Conversion (Including Partial Cash Settlement) (“FSP APB 14-1”), which clarifies that convertible instruments that may be settled in cash upon conversion (including partial cash settlement) are not addressed by APB Opinion No. 14, Accounting for Convertible Debt and Debt Issued with Stock Purchase Warrants. Additionally, FSP APB 14-1 specifies that issuers of such instruments should separately account for the liability and equity components in a manner that will reflect the entity’s nonconvertible debt borrowing rate when interest cost is recognized in subsequent periods. FSP APB 14-1 which will apply to Merrill Lynch’s contingently convertible liquid yield option notes (“LYONs^®”) is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2008, and is to be applied retrospectively for all periods that are presented in the annual financial statements for the period of adoption. FSP APB 14-1 will not have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, Disclosure about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, an Amendment of FASB Statement No. 133 (“SFAS No. 161”). SFAS No. 161 is intended to improve transparency in financial reporting by requiring enhanced disclosures of an entity’s derivative instruments and hedging activities and their effects on the entity’s financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. SFAS No. 161 applies to all derivative instruments within the scope of SFAS No. 133. It also applies to non-derivative hedging instruments and all hedged items designated and qualifying as hedges under SFAS No. 133. SFAS No. 161 amends the current qualitative and quantitative disclosure requirements for derivative instruments and hedging activities set forth in SFAS No. 133 and generally increases the level of disaggregation that will be required in an entity’s financial statements. SFAS No. 161 requires qualitative disclosures about objectives and strategies for using derivatives, quantitative disclosures about fair value amounts of gains and losses on derivative instruments, and disclosures about credit-risk related contingent features in derivative agreements. SFAS No. 161 is effective prospectively for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008. Since SFAS No. 161 only requires certain additional disclosures, it will not affect Merrill Lynch’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

 

In February 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 140-3, Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets and Repurchase Financing Transactions (“FSP FAS 140-3”). Under the guidance in FSP FAS 140-3, there is a presumption that the initial transfer of a financial asset and subsequent repurchase financing involving the same asset are considered part of the same arrangement (i.e. a linked transaction) under SFAS No. 140. However, if certain criteria are met, the initial transfer and repurchase financing will be evaluated as two separate transactions under SFAS No. 140. FSP FAS 140-3 is effective for new transactions entered into in fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008. Early adoption is prohibited. The adoption of FSP FAS 140-3 is not expected to have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements-an amendment of ARB No. 51 (“SFAS No. 160”). SFAS No. 160 requires noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries (formerly known as “minority interests”) initially to be measured at fair value and classified as a separate component of equity. Under SFAS No. 160, gains or losses on sales of noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries are not recognized, instead sales of noncontrolling interests are accounted for as equity transactions. However, in a sale of a subsidiary’s shares that results in the deconsolidation of the subsidiary, a gain or loss is recognized for the difference between the proceeds of that sale and the carrying amount of the interest sold and a new fair value basis is established for any remaining ownership interest. SFAS No. 160 is effective for Merrill Lynch beginning in 2009; earlier application is prohibited. SFAS No. 160 is required to be adopted prospectively, with the exception of certain presentation and disclosure requirements (e.g., reclassifying noncontrolling

interests to appear in equity), which are required to be adopted retrospectively. The adoption of SFAS No. 160 is not expected to have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141(R), Business Combinations (“SFAS No. 141(R)”), which significantly changes the financial accounting and reporting for business combinations. SFAS No. 141(R) will require, for example: (i) more assets and liabilities to be measured at fair value as of the acquisition date, (ii) liabilities related to contingent consideration to be remeasured at fair value in each subsequent reporting period with changes reflected in earnings and not goodwill, and (iii) all acquisition-related costs to be expensed as incurred by the acquirer. SFAS No. 141(R) is required to be adopted on a prospective basis concurrently with SFAS No. 160 and is effective for business combinations beginning in fiscal 2009. Early adoption is prohibited.

 

In April 2007, the FASB issued FSP No. FIN 39-1, Amendment of FASB Interpretation No. 39 (“FSP FIN 39-1”). FSP FIN 39-1 modifies FIN No. 39 and permits companies to offset cash collateral receivables or payables with net derivative positions. FSP FIN 39-1 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007 with early adoption permitted. Merrill Lynch adopted FSP FIN 39-1 in the first quarter of 2008. FSP FIN 39-1 did not have a material effect on the Consolidated Financial Statements as it clarified the acceptability of existing market practice, which Merrill Lynch applied, for netting of cash collateral against net derivative assets and liabilities.

 

In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 158, Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans, an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106 and 132R (“SFAS No. 158”). SFAS No. 158 requires an employer to recognize the overfunded or underfunded status of its defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans, measured as the difference between the fair value of plan assets and the benefit obligation as an asset or liability in its statement of financial condition. Upon adoption, SFAS No. 158 requires an entity to recognize previously unrecognized actuarial gains and losses and prior service costs within accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax. In accordance with the guidance in SFAS No. 158, Merrill Lynch adopted this provision of the standard for year-end 2006. The adoption of SFAS No. 158 resulted in a net credit of $65 million to accumulated other comprehensive loss recorded on the Consolidated Financial Statements at December 29, 2006. SFAS No. 158 also requires defined benefit plan assets and benefit obligations to be measured as of the date of the company’s fiscal year-end. Merrill Lynch has historically used a September 30 measurement date. As of the beginning of fiscal year 2008, Merrill Lynch changed its measurement date to coincide with its fiscal year end. The impact of adopting the measurement date provision of SFAS No. 158 was not material to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

In June 2006, the FASB issued FIN 48. FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in a company’s financial statements and prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. FIN 48 also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. Merrill Lynch adopted FIN 48 in the first quarter of 2007. The impact of the adoption of FIN 48 resulted in a decrease to beginning retained earnings and an increase to the liability for unrecognized tax benefits of approximately $66 million.

 

Segment Information

 

Merrill Lynch’s operations are organized into two business segments: Global Markets and Investment Banking (“GMI”) and Global Wealth Management (“GWM”). GMI provides full service global markets and origination products and services to corporate, institutional, and government clients around the world. GWM creates and distributes investment products and services for individuals, small- to mid-size businesses, and employee benefit plans.

 

Merrill Lynch also records revenues and expenses within a “Corporate” category. Corporate results primarily include unrealized gains and losses related to interest rate hedges on certain debt. In addition, Corporate results for the year ended December 26, 2008 included expenses of $2.5 billion related to the payment to affiliates and transferees of Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited (“Temasek”) (refer to Note 10 for further information), $0.5 billion associated with the auction rate securities (“ARS”) repurchase program and the associated settlement with regulators (refer to Note 11 for further information), and approximately $0.7 billion of litigation accruals recorded in 2008.

 

The following segment results represent the information that is relied upon by management in its decision-making processes. Management believes that the following information by business segment provides a reasonable representation of each segment’s contribution to Merrill Lynch’s consolidated net revenues and pre-tax earnings or loss from continuing operations.

 

The principal methodologies used in preparing the segment results in the table that follows include: