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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 11-K

FOR ANNUAL REPORTS OF EMPLOYEE STOCK

PURCHASE SAVINGS AND SIMILAR PLANS

PURSUANT TO SECTION 15(d) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013

OR

Commission file number 1-6523

The Bank of America 401(k) Plan

Bank of America Corporation

Bank of America Corporate Center

Charlotte, NC 28255

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Financial Statements and Report of

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Bank of America 401(k) Plan

December 31, 2013 and 2012

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All other schedules required by Section 2520.103-10 of the U.S. Department of Labor’s Rules and Regulations for Reporting and Disclosure under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 have been omitted because they are not applicable.

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Plan Participants and the Corporate Benefits Committee of

The Bank of America 401(k) Plan

We have audited the accompanying statements of net assets available for benefits of The Bank of America 401(k) Plan (the Plan) as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, and the related statement of changes in net assets available for benefits for the year ended December 31, 2013. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Plan’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Plan’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the net assets available for benefits of the Plan as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, and the changes in net assets available for benefits for the year ended December 31, 2013 in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

Our audits were performed for the purpose of forming an opinion on the basic financial statements taken as a whole. The accompanying supplemental schedule of assets as of December 31, 2013 is presented for the purpose of additional analysis and is not a required part of the basic financial statements but is supplementary information required by the Department of Labor’s Rules and Regulations for Reporting and Disclosure under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974. The supplemental schedule is the responsibility of the Plan’s management. The supplemental schedule has been subjected to the auditing procedures applied in our audits of the basic financial statements and, in our opinion, is fairly stated in all material respects in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole.

/s/ Morris Davis Chan & Tan LLP

Charlotte, North Carolina

June 17, 2014

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The Bank of America 401(k) Plan

Statements of Net Assets Available for Benefits

December 31, 2013 and 2012

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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The Bank of America 401(k) Plan

Statement of Changes in Net Assets Available for Benefits

Year Ended December 31, 2013

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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The Bank of America 401(k) Plan

Notes to Financial Statements

December 31, 2013 and 2012

The following description of The Bank of America 401(k) Plan (the Plan) is provided for general information purposes only. Participants should refer to the Summary Plan Description and any supplements thereto for a more complete description of applicable Plan provisions. Other Plan provisions may also apply to participants from predecessor plans assumed by Bank of America Corporation (the Corporation) and merged into the Plan.

Plan Sponsor and Participating Employers

The Corporation is the Plan Sponsor. Participating employers in the Plan include the Corporation and certain of the Corporation’s principal subsidiaries.

General

The Plan is a defined contribution plan for employees of the Corporation and participating subsidiaries. It is subject to the provisions of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (ERISA). All employees covered by the Plan are eligible to make pre-tax and Roth (after-tax) contributions as soon as administratively practical after employment commences.

All employees covered by the Plan are eligible to receive company matching contributions and, effective July 1, 2012, an annual company contribution (see Note 1: Contributions) after completing 12 months of service. Any pre-tax and/or Roth (after-tax) contributions made prior to completing 12 months of service are not eligible for the company matching contribution.

The Plan is administered by the Bank of America Corporation Corporate Benefits Committee (the Committee). The Board of Directors of the Corporation has the right at any time to remove any member of the Committee. Members of the Committee serve without compensation and act by majority vote. The Committee has overall responsibility for the operation and administration of the Plan including the power to construe and interpret the Plan, decide all questions that arise thereunder, and to delegate responsibilities.

Plan Merger

Effective April 1, 2013, The Bank of America 401(k) Plan for Legacy Companies (Legacy 401(k) Plan) was merged into the Plan. Total assets transferred were $5,901,579,430 including notes receivable from participants.

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The Bank of America 401(k) Plan

Notes to Financial Statements

December 31, 2013 and 2012

Investment Alternatives

The Plan provides participants with a total of 30 investment alternatives as of December 31, 2013. Investment alternatives include 13 mutual funds, 15 collective investment funds (including 10 LifePath Index funds), a Stable Value Fund and the Bank of America Corporation Common Stock Fund (invests primarily in the Corporation’s common stock).

Beginning March 26, 2012, the following changes were made to the Plan’s investment alternatives:

Participants may elect to modify existing investment allocations on a periodic basis subject to the provisions of the Plan.

The Plan also includes a Segregated Fund that is not available for additional participant investments. The Segregated Fund consists of the segregated investments and accounts of certain participants of the former NationsBank Texas Plan.

Plan Trustee

Bank of America, N.A. (BANA) is the Plan Trustee.

Contributions

Effective January 1, 2013, the Plan provides for participant pre-tax and/or Roth (after-tax) contributions through salary deductions ranging from 1% to 50% of base pay, overtime pay, shift differential pay, vacation and holiday pay, short-term disability benefits, and commissions, bonuses or other incentive pay designated by the Committee. In accordance with federal law, 2013 annual pre-tax contributions were

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The Bank of America 401(k) Plan

Notes to Financial Statements

December 31, 2013 and 2012

Contributions (Continued)

limited to $17,500 for participants. Additional 2013 contributions of $5,500 were permitted for participants over age 50. Participants are permitted to change their contribution rate in multiples of 1% on a daily basis.

Company matching contributions are calculated and allocated to the participant’s account on a pay period basis. The company match contribution is equal to the first 5% of plan-eligible compensation contributed by the participant for the pay period. Company matching contributions are made in cash and are directed to the same investment choices as the pre-tax and/or Roth (after-tax) contributions. An end of year “true-up” matching contribution is also provided.

Beginning July 1, 2012, the Corporation added an annual company contribution equal to 2% (3% if the participant has at least 10 years of vesting service) of the participant’s eligible compensation.

Employer contributions include forfeitures and additional contributions which are made in the form of cash. After consideration of forfeitures, the actual cash remitted by the Corporation was $751,052,734 for 2013.

Payment of Benefits

While still in service, participants may generally withdraw employee and employer vested contributions as follows:

Participants who take a financial hardship distribution shall not be permitted to make contributions during the 6 month period beginning on the date of such distribution.

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The Bank of America 401(k) Plan

Notes to Financial Statements

December 31, 2013 and 2012

Payment of Benefits (Continued)

Following a participant’s death, disability, retirement or other separation from service, all vested amounts held in the Plan for a participant’s benefit are payable in a single lump sum. The form of payment is cash, except to the extent that the participant elects to have the portion of his/her account invested in the Bank of America Corporation Common Stock Fund distributed in shares of Bank of America Corporation Common Stock. Participants may elect to roll over a portion or all of their vested Plan balance to increase their monthly annuity payment under The Bank of America Pension Plan (the Pension Plan) if their vested cash balance account in the Pension Plan and account balance in this Plan both exceed $5,000. The Pension Plan is a defined benefit cash balance plan providing retirement benefits to eligible employees. The Plan provides other payment methods for certain participants in predecessor plans merged with the Plan.

Vesting of Benefits

Each participant is 100% vested in the participant’s pre-tax, Roth (after-tax) and rollover contributions to the Plan and company matching contributions as well as earnings thereon.

The annual company contribution, including earnings thereon, is fully vested after completion of 36 months of vesting service (except in the event of retirement, severance, divestiture or death) based on the participant’s years of service and is forfeited if a participant leaves prior to completing such vesting service requirement.

Participant Accounts

Each participant’s account is credited with the allocation of the participant’s pre-tax, Roth (after-tax) and matching contributions each pay period. Earnings for all funds are allocated to a participant’s account on a daily basis based on the participant’s account balance in relation to the total fund balance. Participants may elect to have the dividends earned on the Corporation’s stock allocated to their accounts paid directly to them in cash or reinvested in the Plan. Interest on participant loans is credited to the accounts of the participant making the payment.

Participant Notes Receivable

Generally, active participants in the Plan are eligible for loans from the Plan. A maximum of two outstanding loans is permitted at any time. Interest rates on loans are generally calculated based on the prime rate as published in the Wall Street Journal on the last business day of the month prior to the month the loan was obtained. Interest rates on the loans are fixed. General purpose loans have a term of 1 to 5 years and principal residence loans have a term of 1 to 15 years. The maximum loan amount that may be obtained is the lesser of 50% of the participant’s vested account balance reduced by any outstanding loan balance, or $50,000 reduced by the highest

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The Bank of America 401(k) Plan

Notes to Financial Statements

December 31, 2013 and 2012

Participant Notes Receivable (Continued)

outstanding balance of loans under the Plan and under any tax-qualified plans maintained by affiliates during the 12 month period ending on the day before the loan was made.

Each loan bears an interest rate equal to the prime rate plus 1% and is fixed for the life of the loan. Interest rates ranged from 4.25% to 11.50% for loans held by the Plan as of December 31, 2013 and 2012.

Significant accounting policies of the Plan are summarized below:

Basis of Accounting

The financial statements are prepared on the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Revenues are recognized as earned. Benefits paid to plan participants are recorded when paid. All other expenses are recorded as incurred.

Management Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of Plan assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of Plan additions and deductions during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Investment Valuation and Income Recognition

Investments are reported at fair value. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (see Note 6: Fair Value Measurements).

Benefit responsive investment contracts are stated at fair value and are adjusted to contract value (which represent contributions made under the contract, plus interest less withdrawals and administration expenses) on the Statements of Net Assets Available for Benefits (see Note 5: Interest in the Stable Value Master Trust). Investment contracts held by a defined-contribution plan are required to be reported at fair value. However, contract value is the relevant measurement attribute for that portion of the net assets available for benefits of a defined-contribution plan attributable to fully benefit-responsive investment contracts because contract value is the amount participants would receive if they were to initiate permitted transactions under the terms of the plan. The Statements of Net Assets Available for Benefits present the fair value of the

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The Bank of America 401(k) Plan

Notes to Financial Statements

December 31, 2013 and 2012

Investment Valuation and Income Recognition (Continued)

investment contracts from fair value to contract value. The Statement of Changes in Net Assets Available for Benefits is prepared on a contract value basis.

Realized gains (losses) on investment transactions are recorded as the difference between proceeds received and cost. Cost is determined on the average cost basis.

Net appreciation (depreciation) in fair value of investments includes the reversal of previously recognized appreciation (depreciation) related to investments sold during the period.

Investment securities purchased and sold are recorded on a trade date basis. Interest income is recorded on the accrual basis. Dividends are recorded on the ex-dividend date.

Participant Notes Receivable

Participant notes receivable are measured at their unpaid principal balance plus any accrued but unpaid interest. Delinquent participant notes receivable are reclassified as distributions based upon the terms of the Plan document.

Plan Expenses

Trustee direct expenses, some professional fees and certain administrative fees for associate communication and services, recordkeeping and benefit payment services are paid by the Plan. These expenses are borne by participants based on their investments in the Plan’s investment funds. Other administrative expenses and some professional fees are paid by the Corporation.

Investments as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 that represent 5% or more of the Plan’s net assets available for benefits include the following:

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The Bank of America 401(k) Plan

Notes to Financial Statements

December 31, 2013 and 2012

The Plan invests in various investment securities. Investment securities are exposed to various risks such as interest rate, market and credit risks. Due to the level of risk associated with certain investment securities, it is at least reasonably possible that changes in the values of investment securities will occur in the near term and that such changes could materially affect participants’ account balances and the amounts reported in the statement of net assets available for benefits.

A portion of the Plan’s investments is in the Stable Value Master Trust (Master Trust). The Master Trust provides a single collective investment vehicle for the Stable Value Fund investment option of the Plan, the Legacy 401(k) Plan, the TSA Plan, the Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc. 401(k) Savings & Investment Plan (ML SIP) and the Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc. Retirement Accumulation Plan (ML RAP) (collectively known as Participating Plans). Effective December 7, 2012, the ML RAP ceased participation in the Master Trust after merging into the ML SIP. Effective April 1, 2013, the Legacy 401(k) Plan ceased participation in the Master Trust after merging into the Plan. The assets of the Master Trust are held by BANA, as Trustee. Effective January 1, 2013, the portfolio is managed by an unaffiliated investment advisor, Standish Mellon Asset Management Company LLC (Standish) (The Dreyfus Corporation prior to January 1, 2013), a wholly-owned subsidiary of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation. Each Participating Plan owns an undivided interest in the Master Trust.

The terms of the underlying investment contracts in the Stable Value Fund are benefit responsive, providing a guarantee by the issuer to pay principal plus accrued interest in response to benefit-related requests for payment.

The value of the Plan’s interest in the Master Trust is based on the beginning value of the Plan’s interest in the Master Trust plus actual contributions and allocated investment income less actual distributions and allocated administrative expenses.

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The Bank of America 401(k) Plan

Notes to Financial Statements

December 31, 2013 and 2012

The fair market value of the investment contracts reported in the aggregate for the Master Trust was $3,694,849,976 and $3,851,520,263 as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The Plan had an undivided interest of 79.70% and 49.34% in the following assets of the Master Trust as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively:

For the year ended December 31, 2013, the Master Trust earned $82,045,699 in interest income. The average yield and crediting interest rates for such investments were 2.03% and 2.09%, respectively for 2013. The average yield credited to participants was 2.01% for 2013.

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The Bank of America 401(k) Plan

Notes to Financial Statements

December 31, 2013 and 2012

The Stable Value Fund generally consists of the following types of guaranteed investment contracts (GICs) and corresponding valuation methodologies:

Insurance Company Separate Account Guaranteed Investment Contracts

Insurance company separate account GICs are investments in a segregated account of assets maintained by an insurance company for the benefit of the investors. The total return of the segregated account assets supports the separate account GIC’s return. The crediting rate on this product will reset periodically and it will have an interest rate of not less than 0%.

Fair values for insurance company separate account GICs are calculated using the market value provided by the insurance companies that manage the underlying assets of the product.

Fixed Maturity Synthetic Guaranteed Investment Contracts

Fixed maturity synthetic GICs consist of an asset or collection of assets that are owned by the fund (or plan) and a benefit responsive, book value wrap contract purchased for the portfolio. The wrap contract provides book value accounting for the assets and assures that benefit responsive payments will be made at book value for participant directed withdrawals. The crediting rate of the contract is set at the start of the contract and typically resets every quarter. Generally, fixed maturity synthetics are held to maturity. The initial crediting rate is established based on the market interest rates at the time the initial asset is purchased and it will have an interest crediting rate not less than 0%.

Fair values of general fixed maturity synthetic GICs are calculated using the sum of all assets’ market values provided by Interactive Data Services, a third party vendor Standish has engaged to provide fixed income prices on a monthly basis.

Constant Duration Synthetic Guaranteed Investment Contracts

Constant duration synthetic GICs consist of a portfolio of securities owned by the fund (or plan) and a benefit responsive, book value wrap contract purchased for the portfolio. The wrap contract amortizes gains and losses of the underlying securities over the portfolio duration, and assures that benefit responsive payments will be made at book value for participant directed withdrawals. The crediting rate on a constant duration synthetic GIC resets every quarter based on the book value of the contract, the market yield of the underlying assets, the market value of the underlying assets and the average duration of the underlying assets. The crediting rate aims at converging the book value of the contract and the market value of the underlying portfolio over the duration of the contract and therefore will be affected by movements in interest rates and/or changes in the market value of the underlying portfolio. The initial crediting rate is established based on the market interest rates at the time the underlying portfolio is funded and it will have an interest crediting rate of not less than 0%.

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The Bank of America 401(k) Plan

Notes to Financial Statements

December 31, 2013 and 2012

Constant Duration Synthetic Guaranteed Investment Contracts (Continued)

Fair values for constant duration synthetic GICs are calculated using the market values provided by the external investment managers Standish or its clients have engaged to provide investment services.

It is probable that withdrawals and transfers resulting from the following events will limit the ability of the fund to transact at book or contract value. Instead, market value will likely be used in determining the payouts to the participants:

In general, issuers may terminate the contract and settle at other than contract value if the qualification status of employer or plan changes, breach of material obligations under the contract and misrepresentation by the contract holder, or failure of the underlying portfolio to conform to the pre-established investment guidelines. Issuers may also make payments at a value other than book when withdrawals are caused by certain employer-initiated events.

All contracts are benefit responsive unless otherwise noted.

Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 820, Fair Value Measurement, establishes a framework for measuring fair value. That framework provides a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (level 3 measurements).

The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under ASC 820 are described below:

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The Bank of America 401(k) Plan

Notes to Financial Statements

December 31, 2013 and 2012

The asset’s or liability’s fair value measurement level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Valuation techniques used need to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.

The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for assets measured at fair value:

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The Bank of America 401(k) Plan

Notes to Financial Statements

December 31, 2013 and 2012

There have been no changes in the methodologies used as of December 31, 2013 and 2012.

The methods described above may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. Furthermore, while management believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different fair value measurement at the reporting date.

The following tables set forth by level, within the fair value hierarchy, the Master Trust’s investments at fair value as of December 31, 2013 and 2012:

The following table sets forth the summary of changes in the fair value of the Master Trust’s level 3 investments for the year ended December 31, 2013:

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The Bank of America 401(k) Plan

Notes to Financial Statements

December 31, 2013 and 2012

The following tables set forth by level, within the fair value hierarchy, the Plan’s non-Master Trust investments at fair value as of December 31, 2013 and 2012:

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The Bank of America 401(k) Plan

Notes to Financial Statements

December 31, 2013 and 2012

The following table sets forth the summary of changes in the fair value of the non-Master Trust’s level 3 investments for the year ended December 31, 2013:

Transfers Between Levels

The Plan recognizes any transfers between levels in the fair value hierarchy as of the end of the reporting period. There were no transfers between levels for the year ended December 31, 2013.

The Plan’s investments (including gains and losses on investments bought and sold, as well as held during the year) appreciated (depreciated) in fair value as follows for the year ended December 31, 2013:

Although it has not expressed any intention to do so, the Corporation has the right under the Plan to discontinue its contributions at any time and to terminate the Plan subject to the provisions set forth in ERISA.

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The Bank of America 401(k) Plan

Notes to Financial Statements

December 31, 2013 and 2012

The Plan’s cash funds are managed by BofA Global Capital Management, advised by BofA Global Advisors, LLC, distributed by BofA Distributors, Inc. and are collectively referred to as the “BofA Funds.” BofA Global Capital Management, BofA Global Advisors, LLC and BofA Distributors, Inc. are all affiliates of BANA and the Corporation.

As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Plan held investments managed and administered by BofA Global Capital Management totaling $52,040,958 and $29,909,664, respectively. The Plan received interest thereon of $21,712 during the year ended December 31, 2013.

As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Plan held investments in Bank of America Corporation Common Stock totaling $2,458,661,549 and $1,320,197,423, respectively. The Plan received dividends thereon of $5,991,528 during the year ended December 31, 2013.

The Plan paid direct expenses to the Trustee totaling $319,164 during 2013.

The following is a reconciliation of net assets available for benefits per the financial statements to the Form 5500:

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The Bank of America 401(k) Plan

Notes to Financial Statements

December 31, 2013 and 2012

The following is a reconciliation of investment income per the financial statements to the Form 5500:

The following is a reconciliation of benefits paid to plan participants per the financial statements to the Form 5500:

Benefit obligations payable and related benefits paid are recorded on Form 5500 for those claims that have been processed and approved for payment prior to December 31 but not yet paid as of that date. For financial statement purposes, such amounts are not recorded until paid.

On June 9, 2008, the Plan Sponsor was informed by a determination letter from the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) that the Plan was designed in accordance with applicable sections of the IRC. This determination letter covers certain prior amendments to and restatements of the Plan. In January of 2010, the Plan Sponsor filed for an updated determination letter (see Note 13: Subsequent Events).

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The Bank of America 401(k) Plan

Notes to Financial Statements

December 31, 2013 and 2012

The Plan administrator believes the Plan as currently designed, and with execution of proposed amendments, is being operated in compliance with the applicable requirements of the IRC and, therefore, believes that the Plan is qualified and the related trust is tax exempt. Under present federal income tax laws, a participating employee will not be subject to federal income taxes on the contributions by the employer, or on the interest, dividends or profits on the sale of investments received by the trustee, until the participating employee’s account is distributed.

GAAP requires Plan management to evaluate uncertain tax positions taken by the Plan. The financial statement effects of a tax position are recognized when the position is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by the IRS. The tax positions taken by the Plan have been analyzed and, as of December 31, 2013, there are no uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken that would require recognition of a liability (or asset) or disclosure in the financial statements. The Plan is subject to routine audits by taxing jurisdictions; however, there are currently no audits for any tax periods in progress. The Plan administrator believes it is no longer subject to income tax examinations for years prior to 2010.

The Plan is the subject of litigation involving certain participants’ voluntary transfer of Plan assets to the Pension Plan and whether such transfers were in accordance with applicable law. The outcome of this litigation cannot be predicted at this time.

In preparing the Plan’s financial statements, subsequent events and transactions have been evaluated for potential recognition. Plan management determined that there are no subsequent events or transactions that require disclosure to or adjustment in the financial statements except as disclosed below:

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The Bank of America 401(k) Plan

EIN 56-0906609 Plan No. 003

Schedule H, Line 4i – Schedule of Assets

December 31, 2013