This pricing supplement, which is not complete and may be changed, relates to an effective Registration Statement under the Securities Act of 1933. This pricing supplement and the accompanying product supplement, prospectus supplement and prospectus are not an offer to sell these securities in any country or jurisdiction where such an offer would not be permitted.
 |
April 2024
Preliminary Pricing Supplement - Subject to Completion
Dated April 11, 2024
(To Prospectus dated December 30, 2022
Series A Prospectus Supplement dated December 30, 2022 and
Product Supplement EQUITY-1 dated December 30, 2022)
Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2)
Registration Statement Nos. 333-268718 and 333-268718-01
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SUMMARY TERMS
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Issuer:
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BofA Finance
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Guarantor:
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BAC
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Underlying index:
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The Russell 2000® Index (Bloomberg symbol: “RTY”)
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Aggregate principal amount:
|
$
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||
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Stated principal amount:
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$1,000 per security
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Issue price:
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$1,000 per security (see “Commissions and issue price” below)
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Pricing date:
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April 19, 2024
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Original issue date:
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April 24, 2024 (3 business days after the pricing date)
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Maturity date:
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April 23, 2026
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Call feature:
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Beginning on July 24, 2024, on any redemption date, we have the right to redeem all (but not less than all) of the securities for a redemption payment equal to the stated principal amount plus any contingent quarterly coupon otherwise due with respect to the relevant observation date, as applicable. We will give notice to the trustee at least five business days but not more than 60 calendar days before the applicable redemption date. No further payments will be made on the securities once they have been redeemed.
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Redemption payment:
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The redemption payment will be an amount equal to (i) the stated principal amount plus (ii) any contingent quarterly coupon otherwise due with respect to the related observation date.
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Redemption dates:
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Beginning on July 24, 2024, quarterly. See “Observation Dates, Coupon Payment Dates and Redemption Dates” below.
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Contingent quarterly coupon:
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If, on any observation date, the index closing value on such date is greater than or equal to the coupon barrier level, we will pay a contingent quarterly coupon of at least $21.75 per security (equal to a rate of at least 2.175% per quarter or at least 8.70% per annum) on the related coupon payment date. The actual contingent quarterly coupon will be determined on the pricing date.
If, on any observation date, the index closing value on such date is less than the coupon barrier level, no contingent quarterly coupon will be paid with respect to that observation date.
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Payment at maturity:
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If the securities have not previously been redeemed, investors will receive on the maturity date a payment at maturity determined as follows:
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If the final index value is greater than or equal to the downside threshold level:
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the stated principal amount and the contingent quarterly coupon with respect to the final observation date
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If the final index value is less than the downside threshold level:
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(i) the stated principal amount multiplied by (ii) the index performance factor
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Coupon barrier level:
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, which is equal to 75% of the initial index value
|
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Downside threshold level:
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, which is equal to 75% of the initial index value
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Terms continued on the following page
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Agent:
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BofA Securities, Inc. (“BofAS”), an affiliate of BofA Finance
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Estimated value on the pricing date:
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Between $920.00 and $970.00 per $1,000 in principal amount of securities, which is less than the price to public listed below. The actual value of your securities at any time will reflect many factors and cannot be predicted with accuracy. See “Structuring the securities” in this pricing supplement.
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Commissions and issue price:
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Price to public
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Agent’s commissions and fees
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Proceeds to BofA Finance
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Per security
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$1,000.00
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$15(1)
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$5(2)
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$980.00
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Total
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$
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$
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$
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Terms continued from previous page:
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Initial index value:
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, which is the index closing value of the underlying index on the pricing date
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Final index value:
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The index closing value of the underlying index on the final observation date
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Observation dates:
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Quarterly, beginning July 19, 2024, as set forth under “Observation Dates, Coupon Payment Dates and Redemption Dates” below, subject to postponement as set forth in “Description of the Notes—Certain Terms of the Notes—Events Relating to Observation Dates” beginning on page PS-23 of the accompanying product supplement. We also refer to the observation date immediately prior to the maturity date as the final observation date.
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Coupon payment dates:
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Quarterly, beginning July 24, 2024, as set forth under "Observation Dates, Coupon Payment Dates and Redemption Dates" below.
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Index performance factor:
|
The final index value divided by the initial index value.
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CUSIP / ISIN:
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09711BQF6 / US09711BQF66
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Listing:
|
The securities will not be listed on any securities exchange.
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Observation Dates
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Coupon Payment Dates / Redemption Dates
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July 19, 2024
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July 24, 2024 *
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October 21, 2024
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October 24, 2024
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January 21, 2025
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January 24, 2025
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April 21, 2025
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April 24, 2025
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July 21, 2025
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July 24, 2025
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October 20, 2025
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October 23, 2025
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January 20, 2026
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January 23, 2026
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April 20, 2026 (final observation date)
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April 23, 2026* (maturity date)
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Maturity:
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Approximately 2 years, unless redeemed earlier at our discretion.
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Payment at maturity:
|
If the securities have not previously been redeemed, investors will receive on the maturity date a payment at maturity determined as follows:
If the final index value is greater than or equal to the downside threshold level, investors will receive the stated principal amount and the contingent quarterly coupon with respect to the final observation date.
If the final index value is less than the downside threshold level, investors will receive a payment at maturity that is less than 75% of the stated principal amount of the securities and could be zero. Accordingly, investors in the securities must be willing to accept the risk of losing their entire initial investment.
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Contingent quarterly coupon:
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A contingent coupon of at least $21.75 per quarter per security (equal to a rate of at least 2.175% per quarter or at least 8.70% per annum) will be paid on the securities on each coupon payment date but only if the index closing value of the underlying index is at or above the coupon barrier level on the related observation date. The actual contingent quarterly coupon will be determined on the pricing date.
If, on any observation date, the index closing value of the underlying index is less than the coupon barrier level, we will pay no coupon for the applicable quarterly period.
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Early redemption:
|
Beginning on July 24, 2024, on any redemption date, we have the right to redeem all (but not less than all) of the securities for a redemption payment equal to the stated principal amount plus any contingent quarterly coupon otherwise due with respect to the relevant observation date. An early redemption of the securities will not automatically occur based on the performance of the underlying index. We will give notice to the trustee at least five business days but not more than 60 calendar days before the applicable redemption date. No further payments will be made on the securities once they have been redeemed.
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Scenario 1: The securities are redeemed prior to maturity.
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This scenario assumes that we redeem the securities at our discretion prior to the maturity date on one of the quarterly redemption dates, starting on July 24, 2024, for a redemption payment equal to the stated principal amount plus any contingent quarterly coupon otherwise due with respect to the relevant observation date. Prior to the early redemption, the underlying index closes at or above the coupon barrier level on some or all of the quarterly observation dates. In this scenario, investors receive the contingent quarterly coupon with respect to each such observation date, but not for the quarterly periods for which the underlying index closes below the coupon barrier level on the related observation date. No further payments will be made on the securities once they have been redeemed.
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Scenario 2: The securities are not redeemed prior to maturity, and investors receive principal back at maturity.
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This scenario assumes that we do not redeem the securities on any of the quarterly redemption dates, and, as a result, investors hold the securities to maturity. During the term of the securities, the underlying index closes at or above the coupon barrier level on some quarterly observation dates and below the coupon barrier level on the others. Consequently, investors receive the contingent quarterly coupon for the quarterly periods for which the index closing value of the underlying index is at or above the coupon barrier level on the related observation date, but not for the quarterly periods for which the index closing value of the underlying index is below the coupon barrier level on the related observation date. On the final observation date, the underlying index closes at or above the downside threshold level. Therefore, at maturity investors will receive the stated principal amount and the contingent quarterly coupon with respect to the final observation date.
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Scenario 3: The securities are not redeemed prior to maturity, and investors suffer a substantial loss of principal at maturity.
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This scenario assumes that we do not redeem the securities on any of the quarterly redemption dates, and, as a result, investors hold the securities to maturity. During the term of the securities, the underlying index closes below the coupon barrier level on all or nearly all of the quarterly observation dates. In this scenario, investors do not receive any contingent quarterly coupons, or receive contingent quarterly coupons for only a limited number of coupon payment dates. On the final observation date, the underlying index closes below the downside threshold level. Therefore, investors receive an amount equal to the stated principal amount multiplied by the index performance factor at maturity. Under these circumstances, the payment at maturity will be less than 75% of the stated principal amount and could be zero. No coupon will be paid at maturity in this scenario.
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Bloomberg Ticker Symbol:
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RTY
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Current Index Value:
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2,028.389
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52 Weeks Ago:
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1,772.443
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52 Week High (on March 28, 2024):
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2,124.547
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52 Week Low (on October 27, 2023):
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1,636.938
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Hypothetical Initial Index Value:
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2,000
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Hypothetical Coupon Barrier Level:
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1,500, which is 75% of the hypothetical initial index value
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Hypothetical Downside Threshold Level:
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1,500, which is 75% of the hypothetical initial index value
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Contingent Quarterly Coupon:
|
At least $21.75 per security (equal to a rate of at least 2.175% per quarter or at least 8.70% per annum). The actual contingent quarterly coupon will be determined on the pricing date.
A contingent quarterly coupon is paid on each coupon payment date but only if the index closing value of the underlying index is at or above the coupon barrier level on the related observation date.
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Call Feature:
|
Beginning on July 24, 2024, on any redemption date, we have the right to redeem all (but not less than all) of the securities for a redemption payment equal to the stated principal amount plus any contingent quarterly coupon otherwise due with respect to the relevant observation date. We will give notice to the trustee at least five business days but not more than 60 calendar days before the applicable redemption date. No further payments will be made on the securities once they have been redeemed.
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Payment at Maturity (if the securities have not been redeemed early):
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If the final index value is greater than or equal to the downside threshold level: the stated principal amount, and the contingent quarterly coupon with respect to the final observation date
If the final index value is less than the downside threshold level: (i) the stated principal amount multiplied by (ii) the index performance factor
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Stated Principal Amount:
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$1,000
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●
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Your investment may result in a loss; there is no guaranteed return of principal. There is no fixed principal repayment amount on the securities at maturity. If the securities are not redeemed prior to maturity and the final index value of the underlying index is less than the downside threshold level, at maturity, your investment will be subject to 1:1 downside exposure to decreases in the value of the underlying index and you will lose 1% of the principal amount for each 1% that the final index value of the underlying index is less than the initial index value. In that case, you will lose a significant portion or all of your investment in the securities.
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●
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Your return on the securities is limited to the return represented by the contingent quarterly coupons, if any, over the term of the securities. Your return on the securities is limited to the contingent quarterly coupons paid over the term of the securities, regardless of the extent to which the index closing value or final index value of the underlying index exceeds its coupon barrier or initial index value, as applicable. Similarly, the amount payable at maturity or upon an early redemption will never exceed the sum of the principal amount and the applicable contingent quarterly coupon, regardless of the extent to which the index closing value or final index value of the underlying index exceeds its initial index value. In contrast, a direct investment in the securities included in the underlying index would allow you to receive the benefit of any appreciation in its value. Any return on the securities will not reflect the return you would realize if you actually owned those securities and received the dividends paid or distributions made on them.
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●
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The securities are subject to early redemption, which would limit your ability to receive the contingent quarterly coupons over the full term of the securities. Beginning on July 24, 2024, on any redemption date, we have the right to redeem all (but not less than all) of the securities for a redemption payment equal to the stated principal amount plus any contingent quarterly coupon otherwise due with respect to the relevant observation date, as applicable. In this case, you will lose the opportunity to continue to receive contingent quarterly coupons after the date of early redemption. If the securities are called prior to the maturity date, you may be unable to invest in other securities with a similar level of risk that could provide a return that is similar to the securities. Even if we do not exercise our option to redeem your securities, our ability to do so may adversely affect the market value of your securities. It is our sole option whether to redeem your securities prior to maturity on any such redemption date and we may or may not exercise this option for any reason. Because of this early redemption potential, the term of your securities could be anywhere between three months and two years.
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●
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You may not receive any contingent quarterly coupons. The securities do not provide for any regular fixed coupon payments. Investors in the securities will not necessarily receive any contingent quarterly coupons on the securities. If the index closing value of the underlying index is less than its coupon barrier on an observation date, you will not receive the contingent quarterly coupon applicable to that observation date. If the index closing value of the underlying index is less than its coupon barrier on all the observation dates during the term of the securities, you will not receive any contingent quarterly coupons during the term of the securities, and will not receive a positive return on the securities.
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●
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Your return on the securities may be less than the yield on a conventional debt security of comparable maturity. Any return that you receive on the securities may be less than the return you would earn if you purchased a conventional debt security with the same maturity date. As a result, your investment in the securities may not reflect the full opportunity cost to you when you consider factors, such as inflation, that affect the time value of money. In addition, if interest rates increase during the term of the securities, the contingent quarterly coupon (if any) may be less than the yield on a conventional debt security of comparable maturity.
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●
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The contingent quarterly coupon, redemption payment or payment at maturity, as applicable, will not reflect changes in the level of the underlying index other than on the observation dates. The level of the underlying index during the term of the securities other than on the observation dates will not affect payments on the securities. Notwithstanding the foregoing, investors should generally be aware of the performance of the underlying index while holding the securities, as the performance of the underlying index may influence the market value of the securities and the payment of any contingent quarterly coupons. The calculation agent will determine whether each contingent quarterly coupon is payable and will calculate the redemption payment or the payment at maturity, as applicable, by comparing only the initial index value, the coupon barrier or the downside threshold level, as applicable, to the index closing value or the final index value for the underlying index. No other levels of the underlying index will be taken into account. As a result, if the securities are not called prior to maturity and the final index value of the underlying index is less than the downside threshold level, you will receive less than the principal amount at maturity even if the level of the underlying index was always above its downside threshold level prior to the final observation date.
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●
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Any payments on the securities are subject to our credit risk and the credit risk of the guarantor, and any actual or perceived changes in our or the guarantor’s creditworthiness are expected to affect the value of the securities. The securities are our senior unsecured debt securities. Any payment on the securities will be fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the guarantor. The securities are not guaranteed by any entity other than the guarantor. As a result, your receipt of all payments on the securities will be dependent upon our ability and the ability of the guarantor to repay our respective obligations under the securities on the applicable payment date, regardless of the index closing value of the underlying index as compared to the coupon barrier level, downside threshold level or initial index value, as applicable. No assurance can be given as to what our financial condition or the financial condition of the guarantor will be on any payment date, including the maturity date. if we and the guarantor become unable to meet our respective financial obligations as they become due, you may not receive the amounts payable under the terms of the securities and you could lose all of your initial investment.
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●
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We are a finance subsidiary and, as such, have no independent assets, operations, or revenues. We are a finance subsidiary of the guarantor, have no operations other than those related to the issuance, administration and repayment of our debt securities that are guaranteed by the guarantor, and are dependent upon the guarantor and/or its other subsidiaries to meet our obligations under the securities in the ordinary course. Therefore, our ability to make payments on the securities may be limited.
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●
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The price to public you pay for the securities will exceed their initial estimated value. The range of initial estimated values of the securities that is provided on the cover page of this pricing supplement, and the initial estimated value as of the pricing date that will be provided in the final pricing supplement, are each estimates only, determined as of a particular point in time by reference to our and our affiliates’ pricing models. These pricing models consider certain assumptions and variables, including our credit spreads and those of the guarantor, the guarantor’s internal funding rate, mid-market terms on hedging transactions, expectations on interest rates, dividends and volatility, price-sensitivity analysis, and the expected term of the securities. These pricing models rely in part on certain forecasts about future events, which may prove to be incorrect. If you attempt to sell the securities prior to maturity, their market value may be lower than the price you paid for them and lower than their initial estimated value. This is due to, among other things, changes in the level of the underlying index, changes in the guarantor’s internal funding rate, and the inclusion in the price to public of the agent’s commissions and fees, if any, and the hedging related charges, all as further described in “Structuring the securities” below. These factors, together with various credit, market and economic factors over the term of the securities, are expected to reduce the price at which you may be able to sell the securities in any secondary market and will affect the value of the securities in complex and unpredictable ways.
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●
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The initial estimated value does not represent a minimum or maximum price at which we, BAC, BofAS or any of our other affiliates would be willing to purchase your securities in any secondary market (if any exists) at any time. The value of your securities at any time after issuance will vary based on many factors that cannot be predicted with accuracy, including the performance of the underlying index, our and BAC’s creditworthiness and changes in market conditions.
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●
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We cannot assure you that a trading market for your securities will ever develop or be maintained. We will not list the securities on any securities exchange. We cannot predict how the securities will trade in any secondary market or whether that market will be liquid or illiquid.
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●
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Trading and hedging activities by us, the guarantor and any of our other affiliates, including BofAS, may create conflicts of interest with you and may affect your return on the securities and their market value. We, the guarantor or one or more of our other affiliates, including BofAS, may buy or sell the securities held by or included in the underlying index, or futures or options contracts or exchange traded instruments on the underlying index or those securities, or other instruments whose value is derived from the underlying index or those securities. While we, the guarantor or one or more of our other affiliates, including BofAS, may from time to time own securities represented by the underlying index, except to the extent that BAC’s common stock may be included in the underlying index, we, the guarantor and our other affiliates, including BofAS, do not control any company included in the underlying index, and have not verified any disclosure made by any other company. We, the guarantor or one or more of our other affiliates, including BofAS, may execute such purchases or sales for our own or their own accounts, for business reasons, or in connection with hedging our obligations under the securities. These transactions may present a conflict of interest between your interest in the securities and the interests we, the guarantor and our other affiliates, including BofAS, may have in our or their proprietary accounts, in facilitating transactions, including block trades, for our or their other customers, and in accounts under our or their management. These transactions may adversely affect the level of the underlying index in a manner that could be adverse to your investment in the securities. On or before the pricing date, any purchases or sales by us, the guarantor or our other affiliates, including BofAS or others on our or their behalf (including those for the purpose of hedging some or all of our anticipated exposure in connection with the securities), may affect the level of the underlying index. Consequently, the level of the underlying index may change subsequent to the pricing date, which may adversely affect the market value of the securities.
We, the guarantor or one or more of our other affiliates, including BofAS, also expect to engage in hedging activities that could affect the level of the underlying index on the pricing date. In addition, these hedging activities, including the unwinding of a hedge, may decrease the market value of your securities prior to maturity, and may affect the amounts to be paid on the securities. We, the guarantor or one or more of our other affiliates, including BofAS, may purchase or otherwise acquire a long or short position in the securities and may hold or resell the securities. For example, BofAS may enter into these transactions in connection with any market making activities in which it engages. We cannot assure you that these activities will not adversely affect the level of the underlying index, the market value of your securities prior to maturity or the amounts payable on the securities. |
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●
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There may be potential conflicts of interest involving the calculation agent, which is an affiliate of ours. We have the right to appoint and remove the calculation agent. One of our affiliates will be the calculation agent for the securities and, as such, will make a variety of determinations relating to the securities, including the amounts that will be paid on the securities. Under some circumstances, these duties could result in a conflict of interest between its status as our affiliate and its responsibilities as calculation agent.
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●
|
The securities are subject to risks associated with small-size capitalization companies. The stocks comprising the RTY are issued by companies with small-sized market capitalization. The stock prices of small-size companies may be more volatile than stock prices of large capitalization companies. Small-size capitalization companies may be less able to withstand adverse economic, market, trade and competitive conditions relative to larger companies. Small-size capitalization companies may also be more susceptible to adverse developments related to their products or services.
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●
|
The publisher of the underlying index may adjust the underlying index in a way that affects its levels, and the publisher has no obligation to consider your interests. The publisher of the underlying index can add, delete, or substitute the components included in the underlying index or make other methodological changes that could change its level. Any of these actions could adversely affect the value of your securities.
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●
|
The U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the securities are uncertain, and may be adverse to a holder of the securities. No statutory, judicial, or administrative authority directly addresses the characterization of the securities or securities similar to the securities for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, significant aspects of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the securities are not certain. Under the terms of the securities, you will have agreed with us to treat the securities as contingent income-bearing single financial contracts, as described below under “Additional Information About the Securities—Tax considerations—General.” If the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) were successful in asserting an alternative characterization for the securities, the timing and character of income, gain or loss with respect to the securities may differ. No ruling will be requested from the IRS with respect to the securities and no assurance can be given that the IRS will agree with the statements made in the section entitled “Additional Information About the Securities—Tax considerations.” You are urged to consult with your own tax advisor regarding all aspects of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of investing in the securities.
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|
Underlying Index Daily Closing Values
January 2, 2019 to April 10, 2024
|
|
|
* The gray solid line indicates both the hypothetical coupon barrier level and the hypothetical downside threshold level, each of which is 75% of the hypothetical initial index value on April 10, 2024.
|
|
Russell 2000® Index
|
High
|
Low
|
Period End
|
|||
|
2019
|
|
|
|
|||
|
First Quarter
|
1,590.062
|
1,330.831
|
1,539.739
|
|||
|
Second Quarter
|
1,614.976
|
1,465.487
|
1,566.572
|
|||
|
Third Quarter
|
1,585.599
|
1,456.039
|
1,523.373
|
|||
|
Fourth Quarter
|
1,678.010
|
1,472.598
|
1,668.469
|
|||
|
2020
|
|
|
|
|||
|
First Quarter
|
1,705.215
|
991.160
|
1,153.103
|
|||
|
Second Quarter
|
1,536.895
|
1,052.053
|
1,441.365
|
|||
|
Third Quarter
|
1,592.287
|
1,398.920
|
1,507.692
|
|||
|
Fourth Quarter
|
2,007.104
|
1,531.202
|
1,974.855
|
|||
|
2021
|
|
|
|
|||
|
First Quarter
|
2,360.168
|
1,945.914
|
2,220.519
|
|||
|
Second Quarter
|
2,343.758
|
2,135.139
|
2,310.549
|
|||
|
Third Quarter
|
2,329.359
|
2,130.680
|
2,204.372
|
|||
|
Fourth Quarter
|
2,442.742
|
2,139.875
|
2,245.313
|
|||
|
2022
|
|
|
|
|||
|
First Quarter
|
2,272.557
|
1,931.288
|
2,070.125
|
|||
|
Second Quarter
|
2,095.440
|
1,649.836
|
1,707.990
|
|||
|
Third Quarter
|
2,021.346
|
1,655.882
|
1,664.716
|
|||
|
Fourth Quarter
|
1,892.839
|
1,682.403
|
1,761.246
|
|||
|
2023
|
|
|
|
|||
|
First Quarter
|
2,001.221
|
1,720.291
|
1,802.484
|
|||
|
Second Quarter
|
1,896.333
|
1,718.811
|
1,888.734
|
|||
|
Third Quarter
|
2,003.177
|
1,761.609
|
1,785.102
|
|||
|
Fourth Quarter
|
2,066.214
|
1,636.938
|
2,058.335
|
|||
|
2024
|
|
|||||
|
First Quarter
|
2,124.547
|
1,913.166
|
2,124.547
|
|||
|
Second Quarter (through April 10, 2024)
|
2,102.837
|
2,028.389
|
2,028.389
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
Additional Terms:
|
|
|
If the terms described herein are inconsistent with those described in the accompanying product supplement, prospectus supplement, or prospectus, the terms described herein shall control.
|
|
|
Denominations:
|
The securities will be issued in minimum denominations of $1,000 and whole multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof.
|
|
Calculation agent:
|
BofAS, an affiliate of BofA Finance.
|
|
Events of default and acceleration:
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If an event of default, as defined in the senior indenture relating to the securities and in the section entitled “Description of Debt Securities of BofA Finance LLC—Events of Default and Rights of Acceleration; Covenant Breaches” on page 54 of the accompanying prospectus, with respect to the securities occurs and is continuing, the amount payable to a holder of the securities upon any acceleration permitted under the senior indenture will be equal to the amount described under the caption “Payment at maturity” above, calculated as though the date of acceleration were the maturity date of the securities and as though the final observation date were the third trading day prior to the date of acceleration. We will also determine whether the final contingent quarterly coupon is payable based upon the index closing value of the underlying index on the deemed final observation date; any such final contingent quarterly coupon will be prorated by the calculation agent to reflect the length of the final contingent quarterly coupon period. In case of a default in the payment of the securities, whether at their maturity or upon acceleration, the securities will not bear a default interest rate.
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Additional Information:
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Tax considerations:
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The following summary of the material U.S. federal income and estate tax considerations of the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of the securities supplements, and to the extent inconsistent supersedes, the discussion under “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations” in the accompanying prospectus and is not exhaustive of all possible tax considerations. This summary is based upon the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), regulations promulgated under the Code by the U.S. Treasury Department (“Treasury”) (including proposed and temporary regulations), rulings, current administrative interpretations and official pronouncements of the IRS, and judicial decisions, all as currently in effect and all of which are subject to differing interpretations or to change, possibly with retroactive effect. No assurance can be given that the IRS would not assert, or that a court would not sustain, a position contrary to any of the tax consequences described below. This summary does not include any description of the tax laws of any state or local governments, or of any foreign government, that may be applicable to a particular holder.
Although the securities are issued by us, they will be treated as if they were issued by BAC for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Accordingly throughout this tax discussion, references to “we,” “our” or “us” are generally to BAC unless the context requires otherwise.
This summary is directed solely to U.S. Holders and Non-U.S. Holders that, except as otherwise specifically noted, will purchase the securities upon original issuance and will hold the securities as capital assets within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code, which generally means property held for investment, and that are not excluded from the discussion under “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations” in the accompanying prospectus.
You should consult your own tax advisor concerning the U.S. federal income tax consequences to you of acquiring, owning, and disposing of the securities, as well as any tax consequences arising under the laws of any state, local, foreign, or other tax jurisdiction and the possible effects of changes in U.S. federal or other tax laws.
General
Although there is no statutory, judicial, or administrative authority directly addressing the characterization of the securities, we intend to treat the securities for all tax purposes as contingent income-bearing single financial contracts with respect to the underlying index and under the terms of the securities, we and every investor in the securities agree, in the absence of an administrative determination or judicial ruling to the contrary, to treat the securities in accordance with such characterization. In the opinion of our counsel, Sidley Austin LLP, it is reasonable to treat the securities as contingent income-bearing single financial contracts with respect to the underlying index. However, Sidley Austin LLP has advised us that it is unable to conclude that it is more likely than not that this treatment will be upheld. This discussion assumes that the securities constitute contingent income-bearing single financial contracts with respect to the underlying index for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If the securities did not constitute contingent income-bearing single financial contracts, the tax consequences described below would be materially different.
This characterization of the securities is not binding on the IRS or the courts. No statutory, judicial, or administrative authority directly addresses the characterization of the securities or any similar instruments for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and no ruling is being requested from the IRS with respect to their proper characterization and treatment. Due to the absence of authorities on point, significant aspects of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the securities are not certain, and no assurance can be given that the IRS or any court will agree with the characterization and tax treatment described in this pricing supplement. Accordingly, you are urged to consult your tax advisor regarding all aspects of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the securities, including possible alternative characterizations.
Unless otherwise stated, the following discussion is based on the characterization described above. The discussion in this section assumes that there is a significant possibility of a significant loss of principal on an investment in the securities.
We will not attempt to ascertain whether any issuer of a component stock included in the underlying index would be treated as a “passive foreign investment company” (“PFIC”), within the meaning of Section 1297 of the Code, or a United
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States real property holding corporation, within the meaning of Section 897(c) of the Code. If the issuer of one or more stocks included in the underlying index were so treated, certain adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences could possibly apply to a holder of the securities. You should refer to information filed with the SEC by the issuers of the component stocks included in the underlying index and consult your tax advisor regarding the possible consequences to you, if any, if any issuer of a component stock included in the underlying index is or becomes a PFIC or is or becomes a United States real property holding corporation.
U.S. Holders
Although the U.S. federal income tax treatment of any contingent quarterly coupon on the securities is uncertain, we intend to take the position, and the following discussion assumes, that any contingent quarterly coupon constitutes taxable ordinary income to a U.S. Holder at the time received or accrued in accordance with the U.S. Holder’s regular method of accounting. By purchasing the securities you agree, in the absence of an administrative determination or judicial ruling to the contrary, to treat any contingent quarterly coupon as described in the preceding sentence.
Upon receipt of a cash payment at maturity or upon a sale, exchange, or redemption of the securities prior to maturity, a U.S. Holder generally will recognize capital gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized (other than amounts representing any contingent quarterly coupon, which would be taxed as described above) and the U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the securities. A U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the securities will equal the amount paid by that holder to acquire them. This capital gain or loss generally will be long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holder held the securities for more than one year. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations.
Alternative Tax Treatments. Due to the absence of authorities that directly address the proper tax treatment of the securities, prospective investors are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding all possible alternative tax treatments of an investment in the securities. In particular, the IRS could seek to subject the securities to the Treasury regulations governing contingent payment debt instruments. If the IRS were successful in that regard, the timing and character of income on the securities would be affected significantly. Among other things, a U.S. Holder would be required to accrue original issue discount every year at a “comparable yield” determined at the time of issuance. In addition, any gain realized by a U.S. Holder at maturity or upon a sale, exchange, or redemption of the securities generally would be treated as ordinary income, and any loss realized at maturity or upon a sale, exchange, or redemption of the securities generally would be treated as ordinary loss to the extent of the U.S. Holder’s prior accruals of original issue discount, and as capital loss thereafter.
In addition, it is possible that the securities could be treated as a unit consisting of a deposit and a put option written by the security holder, in which case the timing and character of income on the securities would be affected significantly.
The IRS released Notice 2008-2 (the “Notice”), which sought comments from the public on the taxation of financial instruments currently taxed as “prepaid forward contracts.” This Notice addresses instruments such as the securities. According to the Notice, the IRS and Treasury are considering whether a holder of an instrument such as the securities should be required to accrue ordinary income on a current basis, regardless of whether any payments are made prior to maturity. It is not possible to determine what guidance the IRS and Treasury will ultimately issue, if any. Any such future guidance may affect the amount, timing and character of income, gain, or loss in respect of the securities, possibly with retroactive effect.
The IRS and Treasury are also considering additional issues, including whether additional gain or loss from such instruments should be treated as ordinary or capital, whether foreign holders of such instruments should be subject to withholding tax on any deemed income accruals, whether Section 1260 of the Code, concerning certain “constructive ownership transactions,” generally applies or should generally apply to such instruments, and whether any of these determinations depend on the nature of the underlying asset.
In addition, proposed Treasury regulations require the accrual of income on a current basis for contingent payments made under certain notional principal contracts. The preamble to the regulations states that the “wait and see” method of accounting does not properly reflect the economic accrual of income on those contracts, and requires current accrual of income for some contracts already in existence. While the proposed regulations do not apply to prepaid forward contracts, the preamble to the proposed regulations expresses the view that similar timing issues exist in the case of prepaid forward contracts. If the IRS or Treasury publishes future guidance requiring current economic accrual for
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contingent payments on prepaid forward contracts, it is possible that you could be required to accrue income over the term of the securities.
Because of the absence of authority regarding the appropriate tax characterization of the securities, it is also possible that the IRS could seek to characterize the securities in a manner that results in tax consequences that are different from those described above. For example, the IRS could possibly assert that any gain or loss that a holder may recognize at maturity or upon the sale, exchange, or redemption of the securities should be treated as ordinary gain or loss.
Because the underlying index is an index that periodically rebalances, it is possible that the securities could be treated as a series of contingent income-bearing single financial contracts, each of which matures on the next rebalancing date. If the securities were properly characterized in such a manner, a U.S. Holder would be treated as disposing of the securities on each rebalancing date in return for new securities that mature on the next rebalancing date, and a U.S. Holder would accordingly likely recognize capital gain or loss on each rebalancing date equal to the difference between the holder’s tax basis in the securities (which would be adjusted to take into account any prior recognition of gain or loss) and the fair market value of the securities on such date.
Non-U.S. Holders
Because the U.S. federal income tax treatment of the securities (including any contingent quarterly coupon) is uncertain, we (or the applicable paying agent) will withhold U.S. federal income tax at a 30% rate (or at a lower rate under an applicable income tax treaty) on the entire amount of any contingent quarterly coupon made unless such payments are effectively connected with the conduct by the Non-U.S. Holder of a trade or business in the U.S. (in which case, to avoid withholding, the Non-U.S. Holder will be required to provide a Form W-8ECI). We (or the applicable paying agent) will not pay any additional amounts in respect of such withholding. To claim benefits under an income tax treaty, a Non-U.S. Holder must obtain a taxpayer identification number and certify as to its eligibility under the appropriate treaty’s limitations on benefits article, if applicable. In addition, special rules may apply to claims for treaty benefits made by Non-U.S. Holders that are entities rather than individuals. The availability of a lower rate of withholding under an applicable income tax treaty will depend on whether such rate applies to the characterization of the payments under U.S. federal income tax laws. A Non-U.S. Holder that is eligible for a reduced rate of U.S. federal withholding tax pursuant to an income tax treaty may obtain a refund of any excess amounts withheld by filing an appropriate claim for refund with the IRS.
Except as discussed below, a Non-U.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax for amounts paid in respect of the securities (not including, for the avoidance of doubt, amounts representing any contingent quarterly coupon which would be subject to the rules discussed in the previous paragraph) upon the sale, exchange, or redemption of the securities or their settlement at maturity, provided that the Non-U.S. Holder complies with applicable certification requirements and that the payment is not effectively connected with the conduct by the Non-U.S. Holder of a U.S. trade or business. Notwithstanding the foregoing, gain from the sale, exchange, or redemption of the securities or their settlement at maturity may be subject to U.S. federal income tax if that Non-U.S. Holder is a non-resident alien individual and is present in the U.S. for 183 days or more during the taxable year of the sale, exchange, redemption, or settlement and certain other conditions are satisfied.
If a Non-U.S. Holder of the securities is engaged in the conduct of a trade or business within the U.S. and if any contingent quarterly coupon and gain realized on the settlement at maturity, or upon sale, exchange, or redemption of the securities, is effectively connected with the conduct of such trade or business (and, if certain tax treaties apply, is attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by the Non-U.S. Holder in the U.S.), the Non-U.S. Holder, although exempt from U.S. federal withholding tax, generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such contingent quarterly coupon and gain on a net income basis in the same manner as if it were a U.S. Holder. Such Non-U.S. Holders should read the material under the heading “—U.S. Holders,” for a description of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of acquiring, owning, and disposing of the securities. In addition, if such Non-U.S. Holder is a foreign corporation, it may also be subject to a branch profits tax equal to 30% (or such lower rate provided by any applicable tax treaty) of a portion of its earnings and profits for the taxable year that are effectively connected with its conduct of a trade or business in the U.S., subject to certain adjustments.
A “dividend equivalent” payment is treated as a dividend from sources within the United States and such payments generally would be subject to a 30% U.S. withholding tax if paid to a Non-U.S. Holder. Under Treasury regulations, payments (including deemed payments) with respect to equity-linked instruments (“ELIs”) that are “specified ELIs” may
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be treated as dividend equivalents if such specified ELIs reference an interest in an “underlying security,” which is generally any interest in an entity taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes if a payment with respect to such interest could give rise to a U.S. source dividend. However, IRS guidance provides that withholding on dividend equivalent payments will not apply to specified ELIs that are not delta-one instruments and that are issued before January 1, 2025. Based on our determination that the securities are not delta-one instruments, Non-U.S. Holders should not be subject to withholding on dividend equivalent payments, if any, under the securities. However, it is possible that the securities could be treated as deemed reissued for U.S. federal income tax purposes upon the occurrence of certain events affecting the underlying index or the securities, and following such occurrence the securities could be treated as subject to withholding on dividend equivalent payments. Non-U.S. Holders that enter, or have entered, into other transactions in respect of the underlying index or the securities should consult their tax advisors as to the application of the dividend equivalent withholding tax in the context of the securities and their other transactions. If any payments are treated as dividend equivalents subject to withholding, we (or the applicable paying agent) would be entitled to withhold taxes without being required to pay any additional amounts with respect to amounts so withheld.
As discussed above, alternative characterizations of the securities for U.S. federal income tax purposes are possible. Should an alternative characterization, by reason of change or clarification of the law, by regulation or otherwise, cause payments as to the securities to become subject to withholding tax in addition to the withholding tax described above, tax will be withheld at the applicable statutory rate. Prospective Non-U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the tax consequences of such alternative characterizations.
U.S. Federal Estate Tax. Under current law, while the matter is not entirely clear, individual Non-U.S. Holders, and entities whose property is potentially includible in those individuals’ gross estates for U.S. federal estate tax purposes (for example, a trust funded by such an individual and with respect to which the individual has retained certain interests or powers), should note that, absent an applicable treaty benefit, a security is likely to be treated as U.S. situs property, subject to U.S. federal estate tax. These individuals and entities should consult their own tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal estate tax consequences of investing in a security.
Backup Withholding and Information Reporting
Please see the discussion under “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations — General — Backup Withholding and Information Reporting” in the accompanying prospectus for a description of the applicability of the backup withholding and information reporting rules to payments made on the securities.
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Structuring the securities:
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The securities are our debt securities, the return on which is linked to the performance of the underlying index. The related guarantee is BAC’s obligation. As is the case for all of our and BAC’s respective debt securities, including our market-linked notes, the economic terms of the securities reflect our and BAC’s actual or perceived creditworthiness at the time of pricing. In addition, because market-linked notes result in increased operational, funding and liability management costs to us and BAC, BAC typically borrows the funds under these types of notes at a rate, which we refer to in this pricing supplement as BAC’s internal funding rate, that is more favorable to BAC than the rate that it might pay for a conventional fixed or floating rate debt security. This generally relatively lower internal funding rate, which is reflected in the economic terms of the securities, along with the fees and charges associated with market-linked notes, typically results in the initial estimated value of the securities on the pricing date being less than their price to public.
The initial estimated value range of the securities is set forth on the cover page of this pricing supplement. The final pricing supplement will set forth the initial estimated value of the securities as of the pricing date.
In order to meet our payment obligations on the securities, at the time we issue the securities, we may choose to enter into certain hedging arrangements (which may include call options, put options or other derivatives) with BofAS or one of our other affiliates. The terms of these hedging arrangements are determined based upon terms provided by BofAS and its affiliates, and take into account a number of factors, including our and BAC’s creditworthiness, interest rate movements, the volatility of the underlying index, the tenor of the securities and the hedging arrangements. The economic terms of the securities and their initial estimated value depend in part on the terms of these hedging arrangements.
BofAS has advised us that the hedging arrangements will include hedging related charges, reflecting the costs associated with, and our affiliates’ profit earned from, these hedging arrangements. Since hedging entails risk and may be influenced by unpredictable market forces, actual profits or losses from these hedging transactions may be more or less than any expected amounts.
For further information, see “Risk Factors” beginning on page 9 above and “Supplemental Use of Proceeds” on page PS-20 of the accompanying product supplement.
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Supplement to the plan of distribution; role of BofAS and conflicts of interest:
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BofAS, a broker-dealer affiliate of ours, is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”) and will participate as agent in the distribution of the securities. Accordingly, the offering of the securities will conform to the requirements of FINRA Rule 5121. BofAS may not make sales in this offering to any of its discretionary accounts without the prior written approval of the account holder.
We expect to deliver the securities against payment therefor in New York, New York on a date that is greater than two business days following the pricing date. Under Rule 15c6-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, trades in the secondary market generally are required to settle in two business days, unless the parties to any such trade expressly agree otherwise. Accordingly, if the initial settlement of the securities occurs more than two business days from the pricing date, purchasers who wish to trade the securities more than two business days prior to the original issue date will be required to specify alternative settlement arrangements to prevent a failed settlement.
Under our distribution agreement with BofAS, BofAS will purchase the securities from us as principal at the public offering price indicated on the cover of this pricing supplement, less the indicated agent’s commissions and fees, if any. BofAS will sell the securities to other broker-dealers that will participate in the offering and that are not affiliated with us, at an agreed discount to the principal amount. Each of those broker-dealers may sell the securities to one or more additional broker-dealers. BofAS has informed us that these discounts may vary from dealer to dealer and that not all dealers will purchase or repurchase the securities at the same discount. Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC (“Morgan Stanley Wealth Management”) and its financial advisors will collectively receive from the agent, BofAS, a fixed sales commission for each security they sell, and Morgan Stanley Wealth Management will receive a structuring fee for each security, in each case as specified on the cover page of this document. The costs included in the original issue price of the securities will include a fee paid by BofAS to LFT Securities, LLC, an entity in which an affiliate of Morgan Stanley Wealth Management has an ownership interest, for providing certain electronic platform services with respect to this offering.
BofAS and any of our other broker-dealer affiliates may use this pricing supplement and the accompanying product supplement, prospectus supplement and prospectus for offers and sales in secondary market transactions and market-making transactions in the securities. However, they are not obligated to engage in such secondary market transactions and/or market-making transactions. These broker-dealer affiliates may act as principal or agent in these transactions, and any such sales will be made at prices related to prevailing market conditions at the time of the sale.
At BofAS’s discretion, for a short, undetermined initial period after the issuance of the securities, BofAS may offer to buy the securities in the secondary market at a price that may exceed the initial estimated value of the securities. Any price offered by BofAS for the securities will be based on then-prevailing market conditions and other considerations, including the performance of the underlying index and the remaining term of the securities. However, none of us, the guarantor, BofAS or any of our other affiliates is obligated to purchase your securities at any price or at any time, and we cannot assure you that any party will purchase your securities at a price that equals or exceeds the initial estimated value of the securities.
Any price that BofAS may pay to repurchase the securities will depend upon then prevailing market conditions, the creditworthiness of us and the guarantor, and transaction costs. At certain times, this price may be higher than or lower than the initial estimated value of the securities.
Sales Outside of the United States
The securities have not been approved for public sale in any jurisdiction outside of the United States. There has been no registration or filing as to the securities with any regulatory, securities, banking, or local authority outside of the United States and no action has been taken by BofA Finance, BAC, BofAS or any other affiliate of BAC, to offer the securities in any jurisdiction other than the United States. As such, these securities are made available to investors outside of the United States only in jurisdictions where it is lawful to make such offer or sale and only under circumstances that will result in compliance with applicable laws and regulations, including private placement requirements.
Further, no offer or sale of the securities is permitted with regards to the following jurisdictions:
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Australia
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Barbados
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Belgium
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Crimea
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Cuba
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Curacao Sint Maarten
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Gibraltar
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Indonesia
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Iran
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Italy
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Kazakhstan
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Malaysia
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New Zealand
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North Korea
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Norway
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Russia
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Syria
You are urged to carefully review the selling restrictions that may be applicable to your jurisdiction beginning on page S-56 of the accompanying prospectus supplement.
European Economic Area and United Kingdom
None of this pricing supplement, the accompanying product supplement, the accompanying prospectus or the accompanying prospectus supplement is a prospectus for the purposes of the Prospectus Regulation (as defined below). This pricing supplement, the accompanying product supplement, the accompanying prospectus and the accompanying prospectus supplement have been prepared on the basis that any offer of securities in any Member State of the European Economic Area (the “EEA”) or in the United Kingdom (each, a “Relevant State”) will only be made to a legal entity which is a qualified investor under the Prospectus Regulation (“Qualified Investors”). Accordingly any person making or intending to make an offer in that Relevant State of securities which are the subject of the offering contemplated in this pricing supplement, the accompanying product supplement, the accompanying prospectus and the accompanying prospectus supplement may only do so with respect to Qualified Investors. Neither BofA Finance nor BAC has authorized, nor does it authorize, the making of any offer of securities other than to Qualified Investors. The expression “Prospectus Regulation” means Regulation (EU) 2017/1129.
PROHIBITION OF SALES TO EEA AND UNITED KINGDOM RETAIL INVESTORS – The securities are not intended to be offered, sold or otherwise made available to and should not be offered, sold or otherwise made available to any retail investor in the EEA or in the United Kingdom. For these purposes: (a) a retail investor means a person who is one (or more) of: (i) a retail client as defined in point (11) of Article 4(1) of Directive 2014/65/EU, as amended (“MiFID II”); or (ii) a customer within the meaning of Directive (EU) 2016/97 (the Insurance Distribution Directive) where that customer would not qualify as a professional client as defined in point (10) of Article 4(1) of MiFID II; or (iii) not a qualified investor as defined in the Prospectus Regulation; and (b) the expression “offer” includes the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and the securities to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase or subscribe for the securities. Consequently no key information document required by Regulation (EU) No 1286/2014, as amended (the “PRIIPs Regulation”) for offering or selling the securities or otherwise making them available to retail investors in the EEA or in the United Kingdom has been prepared and therefore offering or selling the securities or otherwise making them available to any retail investor in the EEA or in the United Kingdom may be unlawful under the PRIIPs Regulation.
United Kingdom
The communication of this pricing supplement, the accompanying product supplement, the accompanying prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and any other document or materials relating to the issue of the securities offered hereby is not being made, and such documents and/or materials have not been approved, by an authorized person for the purposes of section 21 of the United Kingdom’s Financial Services and Markets Act 2000, as amended (the “FSMA”). Accordingly, such documents and/or materials are not being distributed to, and must not be passed on to, the general public in the United Kingdom. The communication of such documents and/or materials as a financial promotion is only being made to those persons in the United Kingdom who have professional experience in matters relating to investments and who fall within the definition of investment professionals (as defined in Article 19(5) of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) Order 2005, as amended (the “Financial Promotion Order”)), or who fall within Article 49(2)(a) to (d) of the Financial Promotion Order, or who are any other persons to whom it may otherwise lawfully be made under the Financial Promotion Order (all such persons together being referred to as “relevant persons”). In the United Kingdom, the securities offered hereby are only available to, and any investment or investment activity to which this pricing supplement, the accompanying product supplement, the accompanying prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus relates will be engaged in only with, relevant persons. Any person in the United Kingdom that is not a relevant person should not act or rely on this pricing supplement, the accompanying product supplement, the accompanying prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus or any of their contents.
Any invitation or inducement to engage in investment activity (within the meaning of Section 21 of the FSMA) in connection with the issue or sale of the securities may only be communicated or caused to be communicated in circumstances in which Section 21(1) of the FSMA does not apply to BofA Finance, as issuer, or BAC, as guarantor.
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All applicable provisions of the FSMA must be complied with in respect to anything done by any person in relation to the securities in, from or otherwise involving the United Kingdom.
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Where you can find more information:
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This pricing supplement and the accompanying product supplement, prospectus supplement and prospectus have been filed as part of a registration statement with the SEC, which may, without cost, be accessed on the SEC website at www.sec.gov or obtained from BofAS by calling 1-800-294-1322. Before you invest, you should read this pricing supplement and the accompanying product supplement, prospectus supplement and prospectus for information about us, BAC and this offering. Any prior or contemporaneous oral statements and any other written materials you may have received are superseded by this pricing supplement and the accompanying product supplement, prospectus supplement and prospectus. Certain terms used but not defined in this pricing supplement have the meanings set forth in the accompanying product supplement or prospectus supplement.
The terms and risks of the securities are contained in this pricing supplement and in the following related product supplement, prospectus supplement and prospectus, which can be accessed at the following links:
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Product Supplement EQUITY-1 dated December 30, 2022:
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1682472/000119312522315473/d429684d424b2.htm ●
Series A MTN prospectus supplement dated December 30, 2022 and prospectus dated December 30, 2022:
Please note that, for purposes of this pricing supplement, references in the accompanying product supplement EQUITY-1 to “closing level”, “Underlying”, “Index Publisher” and “Index” shall be deemed to refer to “index closing value”, “underlying index”, “underlying index sponsor” and “underlying index” respectively.
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