Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

Outstanding Loans and Leases

v2.4.0.8
Outstanding Loans and Leases
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2013
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Abstract]  
Outstanding Loans and Leases
NOTE 5 – Outstanding Loans and Leases

The following tables present total outstanding loans and leases and an aging analysis for the Corporation's Home Loans, Credit Card and Other Consumer, and Commercial portfolio segments, by class of financing receivables, at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.

 
June 30, 2013
(Dollars in millions)
30-59 Days
Past Due
(1)
60-89 Days
Past Due
(1)
90 Days or
More Past Due
(2)
Total
Past Due
30 Days
or More
Total Current
or Less Than 30
Days Past Due
(3)
Purchased
Credit -
impaired
(4)
Loans
Accounted for
Under the Fair
Value Option
Total
Outstandings
Home loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Core portfolio
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage (5)
$
2,133

$
658

$
7,404

$
10,195

$
162,062

 
 
$
172,257

Home equity
238

122

619

979

56,428

 
 
57,407

Legacy Assets & Servicing portfolio
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage (6)
2,974

1,408

22,410

26,792

33,686

$
21,224

 
81,702

Home equity
454

254

1,292

2,000

33,173

7,431

 
42,604

Credit card and other consumer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. credit card
603

430

1,167

2,200

88,323

 
 
90,523

Non-U.S. credit card
70

59

158

287

10,053

 
 
10,340

Direct/Indirect consumer (7)
417

191

488

1,096

82,262

 
 
83,358

Other consumer (8)
44

18

2

64

1,739

 
 
1,803

Total consumer loans
6,933

3,140

33,540

43,613

467,726

28,655

 
539,994

Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option (9)
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
1,052

1,052

Total consumer
6,933

3,140

33,540

43,613

467,726

28,655

1,052

541,046

Commercial
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. commercial
248

176

463

887

206,056

 
 
206,943

Commercial real estate (10)
108

90

511

709

41,417

 
 
42,126

Commercial lease financing
92

114

28

234

23,678

 
 
23,912

Non-U.S. commercial
16



16

86,694

 
 
86,710

U.S. small business commercial
91

61

152

304

12,120

 
 
12,424

Total commercial loans
555

441

1,154

2,150

369,965

 
 
372,115

Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option (9)
 
 
 
 
 
 
8,409

8,409

Total commercial
555

441

1,154

2,150

369,965

 
8,409

380,524

Total loans and leases
$
7,488

$
3,581

$
34,694

$
45,763

$
837,691

$
28,655

$
9,461

$
921,570

Percentage of outstandings
0.81
%
0.39
%
3.76
%
4.96
%
90.90
%
3.11
%
1.03
%
 
(1) 
Home loans 30-59 days past due includes fully-insured loans of $2.5 billion and nonperforming loans of $761 million. Home loans 60-89 days past due includes fully-insured loans of $1.0 billion and nonperforming loans of $516 million.
(2) 
Home loans includes fully-insured loans of $20.6 billion.
(3) 
Home loans includes $6.3 billion and direct/indirect consumer includes $46 million of nonperforming loans.
(4) 
PCI loan amounts are shown gross of the valuation allowance.
(5) 
Total outstandings includes non-U.S. residential mortgage loans of $83 million.
(6) 
Total outstandings includes pay option loans of $5.8 billion. The Corporation no longer originates this product.
(7) 
Total outstandings includes dealer financial services loans of $36.8 billion, consumer lending loans of $3.6 billion, U.S. securities-based lending loans of $30.0 billion, non-U.S. consumer loans of $7.5 billion, student loans of $4.4 billion and other consumer loans of $1.1 billion.
(8) 
Total outstandings includes consumer finance loans of $1.3 billion, consumer leases of $351 million, other non-U.S. consumer loans of $5 million and consumer overdrafts of $149 million.
(9) 
Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option were residential mortgage loans of $1.1 billion. Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option were U.S. commercial loans of $2.0 billion and non-U.S. commercial loans of $6.4 billion. For addition information, see Note 16 – Fair Value Measurements and Note 17 – Fair Value Option.
(10) 
Total outstandings includes U.S. commercial real estate loans of $40.3 billion and non-U.S. commercial real estate loans of $1.8 billion.
 
December 31, 2012
(Dollars in millions)
30-59 Days
Past Due
(1)
60-89 Days
Past Due
(1)
90 Days or
More Past Due
(2)
Total
Past Due
30 Days
or More
Total Current
or Less Than 30
Days Past Due
(3)
Purchased
Credit -
impaired
(4)
Loans
Accounted for
Under the Fair
Value Option
Total
Outstandings
Home loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Core portfolio
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage (5)
$
2,274

$
806

$
6,227

$
9,307

$
160,809

 
 
$
170,116

Home equity
273

146

591

1,010

59,841

 
 
60,851

Legacy Assets & Servicing portfolio
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage (6)
2,938

1,714

26,728

31,380

33,982

$
17,451

 
82,813

Home equity
608

357

1,444

2,409

36,213

8,667

 
47,289

Credit card and other consumer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. credit card
729

582

1,437

2,748

92,087

 
 
94,835

Non-U.S. credit card
106

85

212

403

11,294

 
 
11,697

Direct/Indirect consumer (7)
569

239

573

1,381

81,824

 
 
83,205

Other consumer (8)
48

19

4

71

1,557

 
 
1,628

Total consumer loans
7,545

3,948

37,216

48,709

477,607

26,118

 
552,434

Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option (9)
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
1,005

1,005

Total consumer
7,545

3,948

37,216

48,709

477,607

26,118

1,005

553,439

Commercial
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. commercial
323

133

639

1,095

196,031

 
 
197,126

Commercial real estate (10)
79

144

983

1,206

37,431

 
 
38,637

Commercial lease financing
84

79

30

193

23,650

 
 
23,843

Non-U.S. commercial
2



2

74,182

 
 
74,184

U.S. small business commercial
101

75

168

344

12,249

 
 
12,593

Total commercial loans
589

431

1,820

2,840

343,543

 
 
346,383

Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option (9)
 
 
 
 
 
 
7,997

7,997

Total commercial
589

431

1,820

2,840

343,543

 
7,997

354,380

Total loans and leases
$
8,134

$
4,379

$
39,036

$
51,549

$
821,150

$
26,118

$
9,002

$
907,819

Percentage of outstandings
0.90
%
0.48
%
4.30
%
5.68
%
90.45
%
2.88
%
0.99
%
 
(1) 
Home loans 30-59 days past due includes fully-insured loans of $2.3 billion and nonperforming loans of $702 million. Home loans 60-89 days past due includes fully-insured loans of $1.3 billion and nonperforming loans of $558 million.
(2) 
Home loans includes fully-insured loans of $22.2 billion.
(3) 
Home loans includes $5.5 billion and direct/indirect consumer includes $63 million of nonperforming loans.
(4) 
PCI loan amounts are shown gross of the valuation allowance.
(5) 
Total outstandings includes non-U.S. residential mortgage loans of $93 million.
(6) 
Total outstandings includes pay option loans of $6.7 billion. The Corporation no longer originates this product.
(7) 
Total outstandings includes dealer financial services loans of $35.9 billion, consumer lending loans of $4.7 billion, U.S. securities-based lending loans of $28.3 billion, non-U.S. consumer loans of $8.3 billion, student loans of $4.8 billion and other consumer loans of $1.2 billion.
(8) 
Total outstandings includes consumer finance loans of $1.4 billion, consumer leases of $34 million, other non-U.S. consumer loans of $5 million and consumer overdrafts of $177 million.
(9) 
Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option were residential mortgage loans of $1.0 billion. Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option were U.S. commercial loans of $2.3 billion and non-U.S. commercial loans of $5.7 billion. For additional information, see Note 16 – Fair Value Measurements and Note 17 – Fair Value Option.
(10) 
Total outstandings includes U.S. commercial real estate loans of $37.2 billion and non-U.S. commercial real estate loans of $1.5 billion.

The Corporation mitigates a portion of its credit risk on the residential mortgage portfolio through the use of synthetic securitization vehicles. These vehicles issue long-term notes to investors, the proceeds of which are held as cash collateral. The Corporation pays a premium to the vehicles to purchase mezzanine loss protection on a portfolio of residential mortgage loans owned by the Corporation. Cash held in the vehicles is used to reimburse the Corporation in the event that losses on the mortgage portfolio exceed 10 basis points (bps) of the original pool balance, up to the remaining amount of purchased loss protection of $420 million and $500 million at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012. The vehicles from which the Corporation purchases credit protection are VIEs. The Corporation does not have a variable interest in these vehicles, and accordingly, these vehicles are not consolidated by the Corporation. Amounts due from the vehicles are recorded in other income (loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Income when the Corporation recognizes a reimbursable loss, as described above. Amounts are collected when reimbursable losses are realized through the sale of the underlying collateral. At June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the Corporation had a receivable of $230 million and $305 million from these vehicles for reimbursement of losses, and principal of $14.8 billion and $17.6 billion of residential mortgage loans was referenced under these agreements. The Corporation records an allowance for credit losses on these loans without regard to the existence of the purchased loss protection as the protection does not represent a guarantee of individual loans.

In addition, the Corporation has entered into long-term credit protection agreements with FNMA and FHLMC on loans totaling $25.5 billion and $24.3 billion at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, providing full protection on residential mortgage loans that become severely delinquent. All of these loans are individually insured and therefore the Corporation does not record an allowance for credit losses related to these loans. For additional information, see Note 8 – Representations and Warranties Obligations and Corporate Guarantees.

Nonperforming Loans and Leases

In accordance with bank regulatory interagency guidance, the Corporation classifies junior-lien home equity loans as nonperforming when the first-lien loan becomes 90 days past due even if the junior-lien loan is performing. At June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, $1.3 billion and $1.5 billion of such loans were included in nonperforming loans.

In accordance with regulatory guidance, the Corporation classifies consumer real estate loans that have been discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy and not reaffirmed by the borrower as troubled debt restructurings (TDRs), irrespective of payment history or delinquency status, even if the repayment terms for the loan have not been otherwise modified. The Corporation continues to have a lien on the underlying collateral. At June 30, 2013, nonperforming loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy with no change in repayment terms at the time of discharge were $2.0 billion of which $1.0 billion were current on their contractual payments while $930 million were 90 days or more past due. Of the contractually current nonperforming loans, more than 70 percent were discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy more than 12 months ago, and nearly 45 percent were discharged 24 months or more ago. As subsequent cash payments are received, the interest component of the payments is generally recorded as interest income on a cash basis and the principal component is recorded as a reduction in the carrying value of the loan.
The table below presents the Corporation's nonperforming loans and leases including nonperforming TDRs, and loans accruing past due 90 days or more at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012. Nonperforming loans held-for-sale (LHFS) are excluded from nonperforming loans and leases as they are recorded at either fair value or the lower of cost or fair value. See Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation's 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information on the criteria for classification as nonperforming.

Credit Quality
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nonperforming Loans and Leases (1)
 
Accruing Past Due 90 Days or More
(Dollars in millions)
June 30
2013
 
December 31
2012
 
June 30
2013
 
December 31
2012
Home loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Core portfolio
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage (2)
$
3,404

 
$
3,193

 
$
5,273

 
$
3,984

Home equity
1,355

 
1,265

 

 

Legacy Assets & Servicing portfolio
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage (2)
10,912

 
11,862

 
15,331

 
18,173

Home equity
2,796

 
3,017

 

 

Credit card and other consumer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. credit card
n/a

 
n/a

 
1,167

 
1,437

Non-U.S. credit card
n/a

 
n/a

 
158

 
212

Direct/Indirect consumer
72

 
92

 
462

 
545

Other consumer
1

 
2

 
2

 
2

Total consumer
18,540

 
19,431

 
22,393

 
24,353

Commercial
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. commercial
1,279

 
1,484

 
50

 
65

Commercial real estate
627

 
1,513

 
25

 
29

Commercial lease financing
10

 
44

 
22

 
15

Non-U.S. commercial
80

 
68

 
1

 

U.S. small business commercial
107

 
115

 
100

 
120

Total commercial
2,103

 
3,224

 
198

 
229

Total loans and leases
$
20,643

 
$
22,655

 
$
22,591

 
$
24,582

(1) 
Nonperforming loan balances do not include nonaccruing TDRs removed from the PCI loan portfolio prior to January 1, 2010 of $485 million and $521 million at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.
(2) 
Residential mortgage loans in the Core and Legacy Assets & Servicing portfolios accruing past due 90 days or more are fully-insured loans. At June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, residential mortgage included $16.0 billion and $17.8 billion of loans on which interest has been curtailed by the FHA, and therefore are no longer accruing interest, although principal is still insured, and $4.6 billion and $4.4 billion of loans on which interest is still accruing.
n/a = not applicable

Credit Quality Indicators

The Corporation monitors credit quality within its Home Loans, Credit Card and Other Consumer, and Commercial portfolio segments based on primary credit quality indicators. For more information on the portfolio segments, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation's 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Within the Home Loans portfolio segment, the primary credit quality indicators are refreshed LTV and refreshed FICO score. Refreshed LTV measures the carrying value of the loan as a percentage of the value of property securing the loan, refreshed quarterly. Home equity loans are evaluated using combined loan-to-value (CLTV) which measures the carrying value of the combined loans that have liens against the property and the available line of credit as a percentage of the appraised value of the property securing the loan, refreshed quarterly. FICO score measures the creditworthiness of the borrower based on the financial obligations of the borrower and the borrower's credit history. At a minimum, FICO scores are refreshed quarterly, and in many cases, more frequently. FICO scores are also a primary credit quality indicator for the Credit Card and Other Consumer portfolio segment and the business card portfolio within U.S. small business commercial. Within the Commercial portfolio segment, loans are evaluated using the internal classifications of pass rated or reservable criticized as the primary credit quality indicators. The term reservable criticized refers to those commercial loans that are internally classified or listed by the Corporation as Special Mention, Substandard or Doubtful, which are asset categories defined by regulatory authorities. These assets have an elevated level of risk and may have a high probability of default or total loss. Pass rated refers to all loans not considered reservable criticized. In addition to these primary credit quality indicators, the Corporation uses other credit quality indicators for certain types of loans.
The following tables present certain credit quality indicators for the Corporation's Home Loans, Credit Card and Other Consumer, and Commercial portfolio segments, by class of financing receivables, at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.

Home Loans – Credit Quality Indicators (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
June 30, 2013
(Dollars in millions)
Core Portfolio Residential Mortgage (2)
Legacy Assets & Servicing Residential Mortgage (2)
Residential
Mortgage PCI
(3)
Core Portfolio Home Equity (2)
Legacy Assets & Servicing Home Equity (2)
Home
Equity PCI
Refreshed LTV (4)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Less than or equal to 90 percent
$
87,720

$
22,436

$
11,690

$
44,322

$
15,605

$
2,029

Greater than 90 percent but less than or equal to 100 percent
7,965

4,739

3,143

5,162

4,349

728

Greater than 100 percent
8,321

12,293

6,391

7,923

15,219

4,674

Fully-insured loans (5)
68,251

21,010





Total home loans
$
172,257

$
60,478

$
21,224

$
57,407

$
35,173

$
7,431

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Refreshed FICO score
 
 
 
 
 
 
Less than 620
$
6,037

$
12,752

$
11,796

$
2,432

$
4,640

$
1,354

Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 680
8,186

6,302

3,450

4,316

5,453

1,318

Greater than or equal to 680 and less than 740
24,662

8,388

3,105

12,050

9,717

2,121

Greater than or equal to 740
65,121

12,026

2,873

38,609

15,363

2,638

Fully-insured loans (5)
68,251

21,010





Total home loans
$
172,257

$
60,478

$
21,224

$
57,407

$
35,173

$
7,431

(1) 
Excludes loans accounted for under the fair value option of $1.1 billion.
(2) 
Excludes PCI loans.
(3) 
Includes $5.3 billion of pay option loans. The Corporation no longer originates this product.
(4) 
Refreshed LTV percentages for PCI loans are calculated using the carrying value net of the related valuation allowance.
(5) 
Credit quality indicators are not reported for fully-insured loans as principal repayment is insured.

Credit Card and Other Consumer – Credit Quality Indicators
 
June 30, 2013
(Dollars in millions)
U.S. Credit
Card
 
Non-U.S.
Credit Card
 
Direct/Indirect
Consumer
 
Other
Consumer
(1)
Refreshed FICO score
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Less than 620
$
5,159

 
$

 
$
1,437

 
$
604

Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 680
13,103

 

 
3,138

 
283

Greater than or equal to 680 and less than 740
35,932

 

 
9,601

 
214

Greater than or equal to 740
36,329

 

 
25,602

 
197

Other internal credit metrics (2, 3, 4)

 
10,340

 
43,580

 
505

Total credit card and other consumer
$
90,523

 
$
10,340

 
$
83,358

 
$
1,803

(1) 
72 percent of the other consumer portfolio is associated with portfolios from certain consumer finance businesses that the Corporation previously exited.
(2) 
Other internal credit metrics may include delinquency status, geography or other factors.
(3) 
Direct/indirect consumer includes $37.4 billion of securities-based lending which is overcollateralized and therefore has minimal credit risk and $4.4 billion of loans the Corporation no longer originates.
(4) 
Non-U.S. credit card represents the U.K. credit card portfolio which is evaluated using internal credit metrics, including delinquency status. At June 30, 2013, 97 percent of this portfolio was current or less than 30 days past due, one percent was 30-89 days past due and two percent was 90 days or more past due.

Commercial – Credit Quality Indicators (1)
 
June 30, 2013
(Dollars in millions)
U.S.
Commercial
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Commercial
Lease
Financing
 
Non-U.S.
Commercial
 
U.S. Small
Business
Commercial
(2)
Risk ratings
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pass rated
$
199,336

 
$
39,875

 
$
22,780

 
$
85,017

 
$
1,399

Reservable criticized
7,607

 
2,251

 
1,132

 
1,693

 
474

Refreshed FICO score (3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Less than 620
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
243

Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 680
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
542

Greater than or equal to 680 and less than 740
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,572

Greater than or equal to 740
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2,762

Other internal credit metrics (3, 4)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5,432

Total commercial
$
206,943

 
$
42,126

 
$
23,912

 
$
86,710

 
$
12,424

(1) 
Excludes loans accounted for under the fair value option of $8.4 billion.
(2) 
U.S. small business commercial includes $311 million of criticized business card and small business loans which are evaluated using refreshed FICO scores or internal credit metrics, including delinquency status, rather than risk ratings. At June 30, 2013, 99 percent of the balances where internal credit metrics are used were current or less than 30 days past due.
(3) 
Refreshed FICO score and other internal credit metrics are applicable only to the U.S. small business commercial portfolio.
(4) 
Other internal credit metrics may include delinquency status, application scores, geography or other factors.
Home Loans – Credit Quality Indicators (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2012
(Dollars in millions)
Core Portfolio
Residential
Mortgage
(2)
Legacy Assets & Servicing
Residential Mortgage
(2)
Residential
Mortgage PCI
(3)
Core Portfolio Home Equity (2)
Legacy Assets & Servicing Home
Equity
(2)
Home
Equity PCI
Refreshed LTV (4)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Less than or equal to 90 percent
$
80,585

$
20,613

$
8,581

$
44,971

$
15,922

$
2,074

Greater than 90 percent but less than or equal to 100 percent
8,891

5,097

2,368

5,825

4,507

805

Greater than 100 percent
12,984

16,454

6,502

10,055

18,193

5,788

Fully-insured loans (5)
67,656

23,198





Total home loans
$
170,116

$
65,362

$
17,451

$
60,851

$
38,622

$
8,667

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Refreshed FICO score
 
 
 
 
 
 
Less than 620
$
6,366

$
14,320

$
8,647

$
2,586

$
5,411

$
1,989

Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 680
8,561

6,157

2,712

4,500

5,921

1,529

Greater than or equal to 680 and less than 740
25,141

8,611

2,976

12,625

10,395

2,299

Greater than or equal to 740
62,392

13,076

3,116

41,140

16,895

2,850

Fully-insured loans (5)
67,656

23,198





Total home loans
$
170,116

$
65,362

$
17,451

$
60,851

$
38,622

$
8,667

(1) 
Excludes loans accounted for under the fair value option of $1.0 billion.
(2) 
Excludes PCI loans.
(3) 
Includes $6.1 billion of pay option loans. The Corporation no longer originates this product.
(4) 
Refreshed LTV percentages for PCI loans are calculated using the carrying value net of the related valuation allowance.
(5) 
Credit quality indicators are not reported for fully-insured loans as principal repayment is insured.

Credit Card and Other Consumer – Credit Quality Indicators
 
December 31, 2012
(Dollars in millions)
U.S. Credit
Card
 
Non-U.S.
Credit Card
 
Direct/Indirect
Consumer
 
Other
Consumer
(1)
Refreshed FICO score
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Less than 620
$
6,188

 
$

 
$
1,896

 
$
668

Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 680
13,947

 

 
3,367

 
301

Greater than or equal to 680 and less than 740
37,167

 

 
9,592

 
232

Greater than or equal to 740
37,533

 

 
25,164

 
212

Other internal credit metrics (2, 3, 4)

 
11,697

 
43,186

 
215

Total credit card and other consumer
$
94,835

 
$
11,697

 
$
83,205

 
$
1,628


(1) 
87 percent of the other consumer portfolio is associated with portfolios from certain consumer finance businesses that the Corporation previously exited.
(2) 
Other internal credit metrics may include delinquency status, geography or other factors.
(3) 
Direct/indirect consumer includes $36.5 billion of securities-based lending which is overcollateralized and therefore has minimal credit risk and $4.8 billion of loans the Corporation no longer originates.
(4) 
Non-U.S. credit card represents the U.K. credit card portfolio which is evaluated using internal credit metrics, including delinquency status. At December 31, 2012, 97 percent of this portfolio was current or less than 30 days past due, one percent was 30-89 days past due and two percent was 90 days or more past due.

Commercial – Credit Quality Indicators (1)
 
December 31, 2012
(Dollars in millions)
U.S.
Commercial
 
Commercial Real Estate
 
Commercial
Lease
Financing
 
Non-U.S.
Commercial
 
U.S. Small
Business
Commercial
(2)
Risk ratings
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pass rated
$
189,602

 
$
34,968

 
$
22,874

 
$
72,688

 
$
1,690

Reservable criticized
7,524

 
3,669

 
969

 
1,496

 
573

Refreshed FICO score (3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Less than 620
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
400

Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 680
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
580

Greater than or equal to 680 and less than 740
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,553

Greater than or equal to 740
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2,496

Other internal credit metrics (3, 4)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5,301

Total commercial
$
197,126

 
$
38,637

 
$
23,843

 
$
74,184

 
$
12,593


(1) 
Excludes loans accounted for under the fair value option of $8.0 billion.
(2) 
U.S. small business commercial includes $366 million of criticized business card and small business loans which are evaluated using refreshed FICO scores or internal credit metrics, including delinquency status, rather than risk ratings. At December 31, 2012, 98 percent of the balances where internal credit metrics are used were current or less than 30 days past due.
(3) 
Refreshed FICO score and other internal credit metrics are applicable only to the U.S. small business commercial portfolio.
(4) 
Other internal credit metrics may include delinquency status, application scores, geography or other factors.

Impaired Loans and Troubled Debt Restructurings


A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information, it is probable that the Corporation will be unable to collect all amounts due from the borrower in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan. Impaired loans include nonperforming commercial loans and all consumer and commercial TDRs. For additional information, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation's 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Impaired loans exclude nonperforming consumer loans and nonperforming commercial leases unless they are classified as TDRs. Loans accounted for under the fair value option are also excluded. Purchased credit-impaired (PCI) loans are excluded and reported separately on page 189.

Home Loans

Impaired home loans within the Home Loans portfolio segment consist entirely of TDRs. Excluding PCI loans, most modifications of home loans meet the definition of TDRs when a binding offer is extended to a borrower. Modifications of home loans are done in accordance with the government's Making Home Affordable Program (modifications under government programs) or the Corporation's proprietary programs (modifications under proprietary programs). These modifications are considered to be TDRs if concessions have been granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties. Concessions may include reductions in interest rates, capitalization of past due amounts, principal and/or interest forbearance, payment extensions, principal and/or interest forgiveness, or combinations thereof. During 2012, the Corporation implemented a borrower assistance program that provides forgiveness of principal balances in connection with the settlement agreement among the Corporation and certain of its affiliates and subsidiaries, together with the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and other federal agencies, and 49 state Attorneys General concerning the terms of a global settlement resolving investigations into certain origination, servicing and foreclosure practices (National Mortgage Settlement). In addition, the Corporation also provides interest rate modifications to qualified borrowers pursuant to the National Mortgage Settlement and these interest rate modifications are not considered to be TDRs.

Prior to permanently modifying a loan, the Corporation may enter into trial modifications with certain borrowers under both government and proprietary programs, including the borrower assistance program pursuant to the National Mortgage Settlement. Trial modifications generally represent a three- to four-month period during which the borrower makes monthly payments under the anticipated modified payment terms. Upon successful completion of the trial period, the Corporation and the borrower enter into a permanent modification. Binding trial modifications are classified as TDRs when the trial offer is made and continue to be classified as TDRs regardless of whether the borrower enters into a permanent modification.

In accordance with regulatory guidance addressing certain home loans that have been discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy, $4.0 billion of home loans that have been discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy with no change in repayment terms at the time of discharge were included in TDRs at June 30, 2013, of which $2.0 billion were classified as nonperforming and $2.0 billion were loans fully-insured by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA). Of the $4.0 billion of home loan TDRs, approximately 14 percent, 36 percent and 50 percent had been discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy in the six months ended June 30, 2013, in the year ended December 31, 2012 and in years prior to 2012, respectively. For more information on the regulatory guidance on loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy, see Nonperforming Loans and Leases in this Note.

In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, a home loan, excluding PCI loans which are reported separately, is not classified as impaired unless it is a TDR. Once such a loan has been designated as a TDR, it is then individually assessed for impairment. Home loan TDRs are measured primarily based on the net present value of the estimated cash flows discounted at the loan's original effective interest rate, as discussed in the paragraph below. If the carrying value of a TDR exceeds this amount, a specific allowance is recorded as a component of the allowance for loan and lease losses. Alternatively, home loan TDRs that are considered to be dependent solely on the collateral for repayment (e.g., due to the lack of income verification or as a result of being discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy) are measured based on the estimated fair value of the collateral and a charge-off is recorded if the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the collateral. Home loans that reached 180 days past due prior to modification had been charged off to their net realizable value before they were modified as TDRs in accordance with established policy. Therefore, modifications of home loans that are 180 or more days past due as TDRs do not have an impact on the allowance for loan and lease losses nor are additional charge-offs required at the time of modification. Subsequent declines in the fair value of the collateral after a loan has reached 180 days past due are recorded as charge-offs. Fully-insured loans are protected against principal loss, and therefore, the Corporation does not record an allowance for loan and lease losses on the outstanding principal balance, even after they have been modified in a TDR.

The net present value of the estimated cash flows is based on model-driven estimates of projected payments, prepayments, defaults and loss-given-default (LGD). Using statistical modeling methodologies, the Corporation estimates the probability that a loan will default prior to maturity based on the attributes of each loan. The factors that are most relevant to the probability of default are the refreshed LTV, or in the case of a subordinated lien, refreshed CLTV, borrower credit score, months since origination (i.e., vintage) and geography. Each of these factors is further broken down by present collection status (whether the loan is current, delinquent, in default or in bankruptcy). Severity (or LGD) is estimated based on the refreshed LTV for first mortgages or CLTV for subordinated liens. The estimates are based on the Corporation's historical experience as adjusted to reflect an assessment of environmental factors that may not be reflected in the historical data, such as changes in real estate values, local and national economies, underwriting standards and the regulatory environment. The probability of default models also incorporate recent experience with modification programs including redefaults subsequent to modification, a loan's default history prior to modification and the change in borrower payments post-modification.

At June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, remaining commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whose terms have been modified in a home loan TDR were immaterial. Home loan foreclosed properties totaled $508 million and $650 million at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.

The table below presents impaired loans in the Corporation's Home Loans portfolio segment at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, and includes primarily loans managed by Legacy Assets & Servicing. Certain impaired home loans do not have a related allowance as the current valuation of these impaired loans exceeded the carrying value.

Impaired Loans – Home Loans
 
 
 
 
 
June 30, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
(Dollars in millions)
 
 
 
 
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Carrying
Value
 
Related
Allowance
 
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Carrying
Value
 
Related
Allowance
With no recorded allowance
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage
 
 
 
 
$
22,352

 
$
16,803

 
n/a

 
$
20,226

 
$
14,967

 
n/a

Home equity
 
 
 
 
2,958

 
1,244

 
n/a

 
2,624

 
1,103

 
n/a

With an allowance recorded
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage
 
 
 
 
$
15,697

 
$
14,829

 
$
1,367

 
$
14,223

 
$
13,158

 
$
1,252

Home equity
 
 
 
 
1,107

 
917

 
352

 
1,256

 
1,022

 
448

Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage
 
 
 
 
$
38,049

 
$
31,632

 
$
1,367

 
$
34,449

 
$
28,125

 
$
1,252

Home equity
 
 
 
 
4,065

 
2,161

 
352

 
3,880

 
2,125

 
448

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30
 
Six Months Ended June 30
 
2013
 
2012
 
2013
 
2012
 
Average
Carrying
Value
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
(1)
 
Average
Carrying
Value
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
(1)
 
Average
Carrying
Value
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
(1)
 
Average
Carrying
Value
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
(1)
With no recorded allowance
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage
$
16,812

 
$
140

 
$
8,893

 
$
76

 
$
16,353

 
$
284

 
$
8,798

 
$
151

Home equity
1,204

 
19

 
485

 
10

 
1,169

 
36

 
496

 
19

With an allowance recorded
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage
$
14,735

 
$
124

 
$
11,474

 
$
108

 
$
14,317

 
$
278

 
$
11,324

 
$
208

Home equity
936

 
11

 
1,205

 
13

 
962

 
22

 
1,230

 
22

Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage
$
31,547

 
$
264

 
$
20,367

 
$
184

 
$
30,670

 
$
562

 
$
20,122

 
$
359

Home equity
2,140

 
30

 
1,690

 
23

 
2,131

 
58

 
1,726

 
41

(1) 
Interest income recognized includes interest accrued and collected on the outstanding balances of accruing impaired loans as well as interest cash collections on nonaccruing impaired loans for which the principal is considered collectible.
n/a = not applicable
The table below presents the June 30, 2013 and 2012 unpaid principal balance, carrying value, and average pre- and post-modification interest rates of home loans that were modified in TDRs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, and net charge-offs that were recorded during the period in which the modification occurred. The following Home Loans portfolio segment tables include loans that were initially classified as TDRs during the period and also loans that had previously been classified as TDRs and were modified again during the period. These TDRs are managed by Legacy Assets & Servicing.

Home Loans – TDRs Entered into During the Three Months Ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 (1)
 
June 30, 2013
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2013
(Dollars in millions)
Unpaid Principal Balance
 
Carrying Value
 
Pre-Modification Interest Rate
 
Post-Modification Interest Rate
 
Net Charge-offs
Residential mortgage
$
3,988

 
$
3,518

 
5.29
%
 
4.56
%
 
$
11

Home equity
268

 
169

 
6.23

 
5.20

 
50

Total
$
4,256

 
$
3,687

 
5.35

 
4.60

 
$
61

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
June 30, 2012
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2012
Residential mortgage
$
1,762

 
$
1,420

 
5.70
%
 
4.79
%
 
$
76

Home equity
139

 
82

 
4.33

 
3.57

 
29

Total
$
1,901

 
$
1,502

 
5.60

 
4.71

 
$
105

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home Loans – TDRs Entered into During the Six Months Ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 (1)
 
June 30, 2013
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2013
Residential mortgage
$
8,843

 
$
7,798

 
5.38
%
 
4.55
%
 
$
50

Home equity
519

 
306

 
5.83

 
4.59

 
114

Total
$
9,362

 
$
8,104

 
5.41

 
4.55

 
$
164

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
June 30, 2012
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2012
Residential mortgage
$
3,343

 
$
2,776

 
5.66
%
 
4.70
%
 
$
146

Home equity
333

 
169

 
4.85

 
3.60

 
93

Total
$
3,676

 
$
2,945

 
5.59

 
4.61

 
$
239

(1) 
TDRs entered into during the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 include residential mortgage modifications with principal forgiveness of $125 million and $344 million. TDRs entered into during both the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 include residential mortgage modifications with principal forgiveness of $189 million.

The following tables present the June 30, 2013 and 2012 carrying value for home loans that were modified in a TDR during the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 by type of modification.

Home Loans – Modification Programs
 
TDRs Entered into During the
Three Months Ended June 30, 2013
(Dollars in millions)
Residential Mortgage
 
Home
Equity
 
Total Carrying Value
Modifications under government programs
 
 
 
 
 
Contractual interest rate reduction
$
187

 
$
14

 
$
201

Principal and/or interest forbearance
2

 
6

 
8

Other modifications (1)
9

 

 
9

Total modifications under government programs
198

 
20

 
218

Modifications under proprietary programs
 
 
 
 
 
Contractual interest rate reduction
896

 
4

 
900

Capitalization of past due amounts
26

 

 
26

Principal and/or interest forbearance
100

 
3

 
103

Other modifications (1)
104

 

 
104

Total modifications under proprietary programs
1,126

 
7

 
1,133

Trial modifications
1,811

 
36

 
1,847

Loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy (2)
383

 
106

 
489

Total modifications
$
3,518

 
$
169

 
$
3,687

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TDRs Entered into During the
Three Months Ended June 30, 2012
Modifications under government programs
 
 
 
 
 
Contractual interest rate reduction
$
15

 
$
19

 
$
34

Principal and/or interest forbearance
1

 
7

 
8

Other modifications (1)
2

 

 
2

Total modifications under government programs
18

 
26

 
44

Modifications under proprietary programs
 
 
 
 
 
Contractual interest rate reduction
500

 
3

 
503

Capitalization of past due amounts
22

 

 
22

Principal and/or interest forbearance
103

 
2

 
105

Other modifications (1)
28

 
6

 
34

Total modifications under proprietary programs
653

 
11

 
664

Trial modifications
749

 
45

 
794

Total modifications
$
1,420

 
$
82

 
$
1,502

(1) 
Includes other modifications such as term or payment extensions and repayment plans.
(2) 
Includes loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy with no change in repayment terms that are classified as TDRs in accordance with regulatory guidance issued in the third quarter of 2012. For the three months ended June 30, 2013, home loans of $262 million, or 54 percent of loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy were current or less than 60 days past due.
Home Loans – Modification Programs
 
TDRs Entered into During the
Six Months Ended June 30, 2013
(Dollars in millions)
Residential Mortgage
 
Home
Equity
 
Total Carrying Value
Modifications under government programs
 
 
 
 
 
Contractual interest rate reduction
$
779

 
$
25

 
$
804

Principal and/or interest forbearance
16

 
13

 
29

Other modifications (1)
47

 

 
47

Total modifications under government programs
842

 
38

 
880

Modifications under proprietary programs
 
 
 
 
 
Contractual interest rate reduction
2,299

 
31

 
2,330

Capitalization of past due amounts
57

 

 
57

Principal and/or interest forbearance
264

 
8

 
272

Other modifications (1)
127

 
6

 
133

Total modifications under proprietary programs
2,747

 
45

 
2,792

Trial modifications
3,301

 
49

 
3,350

Loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy (2)
908

 
174

 
1,082

Total modifications
$
7,798

 
$
306

 
$
8,104

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TDRs Entered into During the
Six Months Ended June 30, 2012
Modifications under government programs
 
 
 
 
 
Contractual interest rate reduction
$
82

 
$
52

 
$
134

Principal and/or interest forbearance
13

 
17

 
30

Other modifications (1)
19

 
1

 
20

Total modifications under government programs
114

 
70

 
184

Modifications under proprietary programs
 
 
 
 
 
Contractual interest rate reduction
929

 
12

 
941

Capitalization of past due amounts
40

 

 
40

Principal and/or interest forbearance
202

 
6

 
208

Other modifications (1)
77

 
9

 
86

Total modifications under proprietary programs
1,248

 
27

 
1,275

Trial modifications 
1,414

 
72

 
1,486

Total modifications
$
2,776

 
$
169

 
$
2,945


(1) 
Includes other modifications such as term or payment extensions and repayment plans.
(2) 
Includes loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy with no change in repayment terms that are classified as TDRs in accordance with regulatory guidance issued in the third quarter of 2012. For the six months ended June 30, 2013, home loans of $569 million, or 53 percent of loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy were current or less than 60 days past due.

The table below presents the carrying value of loans that entered into payment default during the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 and that were modified in a TDR during the 12 months preceding payment default. A payment default for home loan TDRs is recognized when a borrower has missed three monthly payments (not necessarily consecutively) since modification. Payment default on a trial modification where the borrower has not yet met the terms of the agreement are included in the table below if the borrower is 90 days or more past due three months after the offer to modify is made.

Home Loans – TDRs Entering Payment Default That Were Modified During the Preceding 12 Months
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2013
(Dollars in millions)
 Residential Mortgage
 
Home Equity
 
Total Carrying Value
Modifications under government programs
$
68

 
$

 
$
68

Modifications under proprietary programs
264

 
1

 
265

Loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy (1)
163

 
5

 
168

Trial modifications
1,385

 
1

 
1,386

Total modifications
$
1,880

 
$
7

 
$
1,887

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2012
Modifications under government programs
$
68

 
$
2

 
$
70

Modifications under proprietary programs
243

 
5

 
248

Trial modifications
181

 
6

 
187

Total modifications
$
492

 
$
13

 
$
505

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2013
Modifications under government programs
$
158

 
$
2

 
$
160

Modifications under proprietary programs
546

 
4

 
550

Loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy (1)
604

 
24

 
628

Trial modifications
1,937

 
5

 
1,942

Total modifications
$
3,245

 
$
35

 
$
3,280

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2012
Modifications under government programs
$
143

 
$
4

 
$
147

Modifications under proprietary programs
620

 
9

 
629

Trial modifications
291

 
9

 
300

Total modifications
$
1,054

 
$
22

 
$
1,076

(1) 
Includes loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy with no change in repayment terms that are classified as TDRs in accordance with regulatory guidance issued in the third quarter of 2012.

Credit Card and Other Consumer

Impaired loans within the Credit Card and Other Consumer portfolio segment consist entirely of loans that have been modified in TDRs (the renegotiated credit card and other consumer TDR portfolio collectively referred to as the renegotiated TDR portfolio). The Corporation seeks to assist customers that are experiencing financial difficulty by modifying loans while ensuring compliance with federal laws and guidelines. Credit card and other consumer loan modifications generally involve reducing the interest rate on the account and placing the customer on a fixed payment plan not exceeding 60 months, all of which are considered TDRs. In addition, non-U.S. credit card modifications may involve reducing the interest rate on the account without placing the customer on a fixed payment plan, and are also considered TDRs. In all cases, the customer's available line of credit is canceled. The Corporation makes loan modifications directly with borrowers for debt held only by the Corporation (internal programs). Additionally, the Corporation makes loan modifications for borrowers working with third-party renegotiation agencies that provide solutions to customers' entire unsecured debt structures (external programs).

In 2012, regulatory guidance was issued addressing certain consumer real estate loans that have been discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy. The Corporation applies this guidance to other secured consumer loans that have been discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy, and such loans are classified as TDRs, written down to collateral value and placed on nonaccrual status no later than the time of discharge. For more information on the regulatory guidance on loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy, see Nonperforming Loans and Leases in this Note.

All credit card and substantially all other consumer loans that have been modified in TDRs remain on accrual status until the loan is either paid in full or charged off, which occurs no later than the end of the month in which the loan becomes 180 days past due or generally at 120 days past due for a loan that was placed on a fixed payment plan after July 1, 2012.

The allowance for impaired credit card and substantially all other consumer loans is based on the present value of projected cash flows, which incorporates the Corporation's historical payment default and loss experience on modified loans, discounted using the portfolio's average contractual interest rate, excluding promotionally priced loans, in effect prior to restructuring. Prior to modification, credit card and other consumer loans are included in homogeneous pools which are collectively evaluated for impairment. For these portfolios, loss forecast models are utilized that consider a variety of factors including, but not limited to, historical loss experience, delinquency status, economic trends and credit scores.

The table below provides information on the Corporation's renegotiated TDR portfolio in the Credit Card and Other Consumer portfolio segment at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012.

Impaired Loans – Credit Card and Other Consumer – Renegotiated TDRs
 
 
 
 
 
June 30, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
(Dollars in millions)
 
 
 
 
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Carrying
Value
(1)
 
Related
Allowance
 
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Carrying
Value
(1)
 
Related
Allowance
With an allowance recorded
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. credit card
 
 
 
 
$
2,010

 
$
2,021

 
$
446

 
$
2,856

 
$
2,871

 
$
719

Non-U.S. credit card
 
 
 
 
254

 
259

 
170

 
311

 
316

 
198

Direct/Indirect consumer
 
 
 
 
435

 
436

 
134

 
633

 
636

 
210

Other consumer
 
 
 
 
28

 
28

 
11

 
30

 
30

 
12

Without an allowance recorded
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Direct/Indirect consumer
 
 
 
 
88

 
42

 

 
105

 
58

 

Other consumer
 
 
 
 
35

 
35

 

 
35

 
35

 

Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. credit card
 
 
 
 
$
2,010

 
$
2,021

 
$
446

 
$
2,856

 
$
2,871

 
$
719

Non-U.S. credit card
 
 
 
 
254

 
259

 
170

 
311

 
316

 
198

Direct/Indirect consumer
 
 
 
 
523

 
478

 
134

 
738

 
694

 
210

Other consumer
 
 
 
 
63

 
63

 
11

 
65

 
65

 
12

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30
 
Six Months Ended June 30
 
2013
 
2012
 
2013
 
2012
 
Average
Carrying
Value
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
(2)
 
Average
Carrying
Value
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
(2)
 
Average
Carrying
Value
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
(2)
 
Average
Carrying
Value
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
(2)
With an allowance recorded
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. credit card
$
2,287

 
$
36

 
$
4,400

 
$
69

 
$
2,505

 
$
78

 
$
4,710

 
$
146

Non-U.S. credit card
273

 
2

 
508

 
3

 
284

 
4

 
540

 
5

Direct/Indirect consumer
493

 
7

 
1,000

 
13

 
545

 
15

 
1,073

 
29

Other consumer
28

 

 
32

 

 
29

 
1

 
32

 
1

Without an allowance recorded
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Direct/Indirect consumer
44

 

 

 

 
48

 

 

 

Other consumer
35

 
1

 
40

 
1

 
35

 
1

 
40

 
1

Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. credit card
$
2,287

 
$
36

 
$
4,400

 
$
69

 
$
2,505

 
$
78

 
$
4,710

 
$
146

Non-U.S. credit card
273

 
2

 
508

 
3

 
284

 
4

 
540

 
5

Direct/Indirect consumer
537

 
7

 
1,000

 
13

 
593

 
15

 
1,073

 
29

Other consumer
63

 
1

 
72

 
1

 
64

 
2

 
72

 
2

(1) 
Includes accrued interest and fees.
(2) 
Interest income recognized includes interest accrued and collected on the outstanding balances of accruing impaired loans as well as interest cash collections on nonaccruing impaired loans for which the principal is considered collectible.

The table below provides information on the Corporation's primary modification programs for the renegotiated TDR portfolio at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.

Credit Card and Other Consumer – Renegotiated TDRs by Program Type
 
Internal Programs
 
External Programs
 
Other
 
Total
 
Percent of Balances Current or
Less Than 30 Days Past Due
(Dollars in millions)
June 30
2013
December 31
2012
 
June 30
2013
December 31
2012
 
June 30
2013
December 31
2012
 
June 30
2013
December 31
2012
 
June 30
2013
December 31
2012
U.S. credit card
$
1,243

$
1,887

 
$
756

$
953

 
$
22

$
31

 
$
2,021

$
2,871

 
83.04
%
81.48
%
Non-U.S. credit card
83

99

 
31

38

 
145

179

 
259

316

 
46.65

43.71

Direct/Indirect consumer
269

405

 
159

225

 
50

64

 
478

694

 
84.41

83.11

Other consumer
63

65

 


 


 
63

65

 
73.03

72.73

Total renegotiated TDRs
$
1,658

$
2,456

 
$
946

$
1,216

 
$
217

$
274

 
$
2,821

$
3,946

 
79.71

78.58



At June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the Corporation had a renegotiated TDR portfolio of $2.8 billion and $3.9 billion of which $2.2 billion was current or less than 30 days past due under the modified terms at June 30, 2013.

The table below provides information on the Corporation's renegotiated TDR portfolio including the unpaid principal balance, carrying value and average pre- and post-modification interest rates of loans that were modified in TDRs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, and net charge-offs that were recorded during the period in which the modification occurred.

Credit Card and Other Consumer – Renegotiated TDRs Entered into During the Three Months June 30, 2013 and 2012
 
June 30, 2013
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2013
(Dollars in millions)
Unpaid Principal Balance
 
Carrying Value (1)
 
Pre-Modification Interest Rate
 
Post-Modification Interest Rate
 
Net Charge-offs
U.S. credit card
$
75

 
$
76

 
16.86
%
 
6.07
%
 
$
2

Non-U.S. credit card
68

 
71

 
26.17

 
0.67

 
3

Direct/Indirect consumer
17

 
12

 
8.92

 
5.18

 

Other consumer
2

 
2

 
9.53

 
4.51

 

Total
$
162

 
$
161

 
20.26

 
3.61

 
$
5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
June 30, 2012
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2012
U.S. credit card
$
123

 
$
127

 
17.61
%
 
6.30
%
 
$
1

Non-U.S. credit card
92

 
97

 
26.27

 
0.78

 
4

Direct/Indirect consumer
18

 
18

 
15.24

 
3.96

 

Other consumer
3

 
3

 
10.11

 
6.84

 

Total
$
236

 
$
245

 
20.77

 
3.95

 
$
5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit Card and Other Consumer – Renegotiated TDRs Entered into During the Six Months Ended June 30, 2013 and 2012
 
June 30, 2013
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2013
U.S. credit card
$
151

 
$
153

 
16.91
%
 
6.13
%
 
$
7

Non-U.S. credit card
123

 
129

 
26.16

 
0.71

 
25

Direct/Indirect consumer
31

 
22

 
9.54

 
5.25

 

Other consumer
3

 
3

 
9.48

 
5.26

 

Total
$
308

 
$
307

 
20.11

 
3.73

 
$
32

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
June 30, 2012
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2012
U.S. credit card
$
264

 
$
268

 
17.94
%
 
6.34
%
 
$
8

Non-U.S. credit card
172

 
181

 
26.17

 
0.88

 
39

Direct/Indirect consumer
41

 
41

 
15.37

 
4.17

 
1

Other consumer
6

 
6

 
10.05

 
6.77

 

Total
$
483

 
$
496

 
20.61

 
4.24

 
$
48

(1) 
Includes accrued interest and fees.

The table below provides information on the Corporation's primary modification programs for the renegotiated TDR portfolio for loans that were modified in TDRs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012.

Credit Card and Other Consumer – Renegotiated TDRs Entered into During the Period by Program Type
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2013
(Dollars in millions)
Internal Programs
 
External Programs
 
Other
 
Total
U.S. credit card
$
39

 
$
37

 
$

 
$
76

Non-U.S. credit card
38

 
33

 

 
71

Direct/Indirect consumer
3

 
3

 
6

 
12

Other consumer
2

 

 

 
2

Total renegotiated TDRs
$
82

 
$
73

 
$
6

 
$
161

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2012
U.S. credit card
$
57

 
$
70

 
$

 
$
127

Non-U.S. credit card
51

 
46

 

 
97

Direct/Indirect consumer
9

 
9

 

 
18

Other consumer
3

 

 

 
3

Total renegotiated TDRs
$
120

 
$
125

 
$

 
$
245

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2013
U.S. credit card
$
80

 
$
73

 
$

 
$
153

Non-U.S. credit card
69

 
60

 

 
129

Direct/Indirect consumer
7

 
5

 
10

 
22

Other consumer
3

 

 

 
3

Total renegotiated TDRs
$
159

 
$
138

 
$
10

 
$
307

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2012
U.S. credit card
$
127

 
$
141

 
$

 
$
268

Non-U.S. credit card
95

 
86

 

 
181

Direct/Indirect consumer
21

 
20

 

 
41

Other consumer
6

 

 

 
6

Total renegotiated TDRs
$
249

 
$
247

 
$

 
$
496



Credit card and other consumer loans are deemed to be in payment default during the quarter in which a borrower misses the second of two consecutive payments. Payment defaults are one of the factors considered when projecting future cash flows in the calculation of the allowance for loan and lease losses for impaired credit card and other consumer loans. Based on historical experience, the Corporation estimates that 25 percent of new U.S. credit card TDRs, 67 percent of new non-U.S. credit card TDRs and 21 percent of new direct/indirect consumer TDRs may be in payment default within 12 months after modification. Loans that entered into payment default during the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 that had been modified in a TDR during the preceding 12 months were $14 million and $38 million for U.S. credit card, $59 million and $121 million for non-U.S. credit card and $1 million and $3 million for direct/indirect consumer. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2012, loans that entered into payment default that had been modified in a TDR during the preceding 12 months were $51 million and $133 million for U.S. credit card, $77 million and $159 million for non-U.S. credit card and $8 million and $24 million for direct/indirect consumer.
Commercial Loans

Impaired commercial loans, which include nonperforming loans and TDRs (both performing and nonperforming), are primarily measured based on the present value of payments expected to be received, discounted at the loan's original effective interest rate. Commercial impaired loans may also be measured based on observable market prices or, for loans that are solely dependent on the collateral for repayment, the estimated fair value of collateral less costs to sell. If the carrying value of a loan exceeds this amount, a specific allowance is recorded as a component of the allowance for loan and lease losses.

Modifications of loans to commercial borrowers that are experiencing financial difficulty are designed to reduce the Corporation's loss exposure while providing the borrower with an opportunity to work through financial difficulties, often to avoid foreclosure or bankruptcy. Each modification is unique and reflects the individual circumstances of the borrower. Modifications that result in a TDR may include extensions of maturity at a concessionary (below market) rate of interest, payment forbearances or other actions designed to benefit the customer while mitigating the Corporation's risk exposure. Reductions in interest rates are rare. Instead, the interest rates are typically increased, although the increased rate may not represent a market rate of interest. Infrequently, concessions may also include principal forgiveness in connection with foreclosure, short sale or other settlement agreements leading to termination or sale of the loan.

At the time of restructuring, the loans are remeasured to reflect the impact, if any, on projected cash flows resulting from the modified terms. If there was no forgiveness of principal and the interest rate was not decreased, the modification may have little or no impact on the allowance established for the loan. If a portion of the loan is deemed to be uncollectible, a charge-off may be recorded at the time of restructuring. Alternatively, a charge-off may have already been recorded in a previous period such that no charge-off is required at the time of modification. For more information on modifications for the U.S. small business commercial portfolio, see Credit Card and Other Consumer in this Note.

At June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, remaining commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whose terms have been modified in a commercial loan TDR were immaterial. Commercial foreclosed properties totaled $129 million and $250 million at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.

The table below presents impaired loans in the Corporation's Commercial loan portfolio segment at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012. Certain impaired commercial loans do not have a related allowance as the valuation of these impaired loans exceeded the carrying value, which is net of previously recorded charge-offs.

Impaired Loans – Commercial
 
 
 
 
 
June 30, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
(Dollars in millions)
 
 
 
 
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Carrying
Value
 
Related
Allowance
 
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Carrying
Value
 
Related
Allowance
With no recorded allowance
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. commercial
 
 
 
 
$
1,007

 
$
954

 
n/a

 
$
1,220

 
$
1,109

 
n/a

Commercial real estate
 
 
 
 
599

 
546

 
n/a

 
1,003

 
902

 
n/a

Non-U.S. commercial
 
 
 
 
90

 
90

 
n/a

 
240

 
120

 
n/a

With an allowance recorded
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. commercial
 
 
 
 
$
1,426

 
$
1,057

 
$
152

 
$
1,782

 
$
1,138

 
$
159

Commercial real estate
 
 
 
 
1,079

 
660

 
82

 
2,287

 
1,262

 
201

Non-U.S. commercial
 
 
 
 
296

 
72

 
36

 
280

 
33

 
18

U.S. small business commercial (1)
 
 
 
 
253

 
243

 
58

 
361

 
317

 
97

Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. commercial
 
 
 
 
$
2,433

 
$
2,011

 
$
152

 
$
3,002

 
$
2,247

 
$
159

Commercial real estate
 
 
 
 
1,678

 
1,206

 
82

 
3,290

 
2,164

 
201

Non-U.S. commercial
 
 
 
 
386

 
162

 
36

 
520

 
153

 
18

U.S. small business commercial (1)
 
 
 
 
253

 
243

 
58

 
361

 
317

 
97

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30
 
Six Months Ended June 30
 
2013
 
2012
 
2013
 
2012
 
Average
Carrying
Value
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
(2)
 
Average
Carrying
Value
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
(2)
 
Average
Carrying
Value
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
(2)
 
Average
Carrying
Value
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
(2)
With no recorded allowance
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. commercial
$
979

 
$
6

 
$
1,086

 
$
9

 
$
1,018

 
$
12

 
$
1,061

 
$
17

Commercial real estate
653

 
3

 
1,691

 
4

 
742

 
7

 
1,832

 
8

Non-U.S. commercial
113

 
1

 
137

 

 
121

 
3

 
125

 

With an allowance recorded
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. commercial
$
1,110

 
$
7

 
$
1,805

 
$
7

 
$
1,113

 
$
15

 
$
1,854

 
$
18

Commercial real estate
842

 
4

 
1,789

 
4

 
989

 
9

 
2,027

 
10

Non-U.S. commercial
70

 
1

 
54

 
1

 
47

 
2

 
58

 
1

U.S. small business commercial (1)
253

 
2

 
437

 
3

 
270

 
4

 
455

 
7

Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. commercial
$
2,089

 
$
13

 
$
2,891

 
$
16

 
$
2,131

 
$
27

 
$
2,915

 
$
35

Commercial real estate
1,495

 
7

 
3,480

 
8

 
1,731

 
16

 
3,859

 
18

Non-U.S. commercial
183

 
2

 
191

 
1

 
168

 
5

 
183

 
1

U.S. small business commercial (1)
253

 
2

 
437

 
3

 
270

 
4

 
455

 
7

(1) 
Includes U.S. small business commercial renegotiated TDR loans and related allowance.
(2) 
Interest income recognized includes interest accrued and collected on the outstanding balances of accruing impaired loans as well as interest cash collections on nonaccruing impaired loans for which the principal is considered collectible.
n/a = not applicable
The table below presents the June 30, 2013 and 2012 unpaid principal balance and carrying value of commercial loans that were modified as TDRs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, and net charge-offs that were recorded during the period in which the modification occurred. The table below includes loans that were initially classified as TDRs during the period and, beginning in the first quarter of 2013, also loans that had previously been classified as TDRs and were modified again during the period.

Commercial – TDRs Entered into During the Three Months Ended June 30, 2013 and 2012
 
June 30, 2013
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2013
(Dollars in millions)
Unpaid Principal Balance
 
Carrying Value
 
Net Charge-offs
U.S. commercial
$
487

 
$
460

 
$
5

Commercial real estate
210

 
193

 
1

Non-U.S. commercial
74

 
73

 

U.S. small business commercial (1)
3

 
3

 

Total
$
774

 
$
729

 
$
6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
June 30, 2012
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2012
U.S. commercial
$
220

 
$
162

 
$
13

Commercial real estate
226

 
210

 

Non-U.S. commercial
66

 
66

 

U.S. small business commercial (1)
7

 
8

 

Total
$
519

 
$
446

 
$
13

 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial – TDRs Entered into During the Six Months Ended June 30, 2013 and 2012
 
June 30, 2013
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2013
U.S. commercial
$
840

 
$
813

 
$
2

Commercial real estate
438

 
381

 
3

Non-U.S. commercial
74

 
73

 

U.S. small business commercial (1)
5

 
6

 
1

Total
$
1,357

 
$
1,273

 
$
6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
June 30, 2012
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2012
U.S. commercial
$
558

 
$
496

 
$
15

Commercial real estate
486

 
401

 
4

Non-U.S. commercial
66

 
66

 

U.S. small business commercial (1)
16

 
17

 
1

Total
$
1,126

 
$
980

 
$
20

(1) 
U.S. small business commercial TDRs are comprised of renegotiated small business card loans.

A commercial TDR is generally deemed to be in payment default when the loan is 90 days or more past due, including delinquencies that were not resolved as part of the modification. U.S. small business commercial TDRs are deemed to be in payment default during the quarter in which a borrower misses the second of two consecutive payments. Payment defaults are one of the factors considered when projecting future cash flows, along with observable market prices or fair value of collateral when measuring the allowance for loan losses. TDRs that were in payment default at June 30, 2013 and 2012 had a carrying value of $104 million and $170 million for U.S. commercial, $288 million and $335 million for commercial real estate and $1 million and $12 million for U.S. small business commercial.

Purchased Credit-impaired Loans

PCI loans are acquired loans with evidence of credit quality deterioration since origination for which it is probable at purchase date that the Corporation will be unable to collect all contractually required payments. The table below provides details on PCI loans acquired during the six months ended June 30, 2013.

Purchased Loans at Acquisition Date
(Dollars in millions)
 
Contractually required payments including interest
$
8,274

Less: Nonaccretable difference
2,159

Cash flows expected to be collected (1)
6,115

Less: Accretable yield
1,125

Fair value of loans acquired
$
4,990

(1) 
Represents undiscounted expected principal and interest cash flows at acquisition.

The table below shows activity for the accretable yield on PCI loans, which primarily includes the Countrywide Financial Corporation (Countrywide) portfolio and loans repurchased in connection with the FNMA Settlement. For more information on the FNMA Settlement, see Note 8 – Representations and Warranties Obligations and Corporate Guarantees. The amount of accretable yield is affected by changes in credit outlooks, including metrics such as default rates and loss severities, prepayments speeds, which can change the amount and period of time over which interest payments are expected to be received, and the interest rates on variable rate loans. The reclassifications from nonaccretable difference during the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 were due to increases in expected cash flows driven by improved home prices and lower expected defaults, along with a decrease in prepayment speeds as a result of rising interest rates. Changes in the prepayment assumption affect the expected remaining life of the portfolio which results in a change to the amount of future interest cash flows.

Rollforward of Accretable Yield
(Dollars in millions)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2013
Six Months Ended June 30, 2013
Accretable yield, beginning of period
$
6,029

$
4,644

Accretion
(300
)
(598
)
Loans purchased

1,125

Disposals/transfers
(35
)
(138
)
Reclassifications from nonaccretable difference
1,081

1,742

Accretable yield, June 30, 2013
$
6,775

$
6,775



See Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation's 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information on PCI loans and Note 6 – Allowance for Credit Losses herein for the carrying value and valuation allowance for PCI loans.

Loans Held-for-sale

The Corporation had LHFS of $14.5 billion and $19.4 billion at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012. Proceeds, including cash and securities, from sales, securitizations and paydowns of LHFS were $46.4 billion and $24.6 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012. Amounts used for originations and purchases of LHFS were $40.1 billion and $22.9 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012.