10-Q: Quarterly report [Sections 13 or 15(d)]
Published on May 1, 2026
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2026
or
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission file number:
Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter:
State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization:
IRS Employer Identification No.:
Address of principal executive offices:
Bank of America Corporate Center
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:
(704 ) 386-5681
Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report:
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||||
| of Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series E | ||||||||
| of 6.000% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series GG | ||||||||
| of 5.875% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series HH | ||||||||
| of Bank of America Corporation Floating Rate | ||||||||
| Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series 1 | ||||||||
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||||
| of Bank of America Corporation Floating Rate | ||||||||
| Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series 2 | ||||||||
| of Bank of America Corporation Floating Rate | ||||||||
| Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series 4 | ||||||||
| of Bank of America Corporation Floating Rate | ||||||||
| Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series 5 | ||||||||
| Trust XIII (and the guarantee related thereto) | ||||||||
| of BAC Capital Trust XIV (and the guarantee related thereto) | ||||||||
| Bank of America Corporation | ||||||||
| November 28, 2031 of BofA Finance LLC (and the guarantee | ||||||||
| of the Registrant with respect thereto) | ||||||||
| 5.375% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series KK | ||||||||
| of 5.000% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series LL | ||||||||
| 4.375% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series NN | ||||||||
| 4.125% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series PP | ||||||||
| 4.250% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series QQ | ||||||||
| of 4.750% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series SS | ||||||||
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| ☑ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2).
Yes ☐ No ☑
On April 30, 2026, there were 7,096,590,651 shares of Bank of America Corporation Common Stock outstanding.
Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries
March 31, 2026
Form 10-Q
INDEX
Part I. Financial Information
| Item 1. Financial Statements | Page | |||||||
Note 5 – Outstanding Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses | ||||||||
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | ||||||||
1 Bank of America | ||||||||
Part II. Other Information
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Bank of America Corporation (the Corporation) and its management may make certain statements that constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Forward-looking statements often use words such as “anticipates,” “targets,” “expects,” “hopes,” “estimates,” “intends,” “plans,” “goals,” “outlook,” “believes,” “continue” and other similar expressions or future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “may,” “might,” “should,” “would” and “could.” Forward-looking statements represent the Corporation’s current expectations, plans or forecasts of its or its business segments’ future results, which may include, among other measures, revenue, liquidity, net interest income, other income, provision for credit losses, expenses, operating leverage, effective tax rate, efficiency ratio, capital measures, deposits and assets, as well as strategy, future business and economic conditions more generally, and other future matters. These statements are not guarantees of future results or performance and involve certain known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict and are often beyond the Corporation’s control. Actual outcomes and results may differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, any of these forward-looking statements.
You should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement and should consider the following uncertainties and risks, as well as the risks and uncertainties more fully discussed under Item 1A. Risk Factors of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K and in any of the Corporation’s subsequent U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filings: the Corporation’s potential judgments, orders, settlements, penalties, fines and reputational damage, which are inherently difficult to predict, resulting from pending, threatened or future litigation and regulatory inquiries, demands, requests, investigations, proceedings and enforcement actions, which the Corporation is subject to in the ordinary course of business, including matters related to our processing of unemployment benefits for California and certain other states, the features of our automatic credit card payment service, the adequacy of the Corporation’s anti-money laundering and economic sanctions programs and the processing of electronic payments, including through the Zelle network, and related fraud, which are in various stages; in connection with ongoing litigation, the impact of certain changes to Visa’s and Mastercard’s respective card payment network rules and reductions in interchange fees for U.S.-based merchants; the possibility that the Corporation’s future liabilities may be in excess of its recorded liability and estimated range of possible loss for litigation, and regulatory and government actions; the impact of U.S. and global interest rates (including the potential for ongoing fluctuations in interest rates), inflation, currency exchange rates, economic conditions, trade policies and tensions, including changes in, or the imposition of, tariffs and/or trade barriers and the economic impacts, volatility and uncertainty resulting therefrom, which may have varying effects across
industries and geographies, and geopolitical instability; uncertainties about the financial stability and growth rates of non-U.S. jurisdictions, the risk that those jurisdictions may face difficulties servicing their sovereign debt, and related stresses on financial markets, currencies and trade, and the Corporation’s exposures to such risks, including direct, indirect and operational; the impact of the interest rate, inflationary, macroeconomic, banking and regulatory environment on the Corporation’s assets, business, financial condition and results of operations; the impact of adverse developments affecting the U.S. or global banking industry, including a deterioration in private credit markets, bank failures and liquidity concerns, resulting in worsening economic and market volatility, and regulatory responses thereto; the possibility that future credit losses may be higher than currently expected, including due to changes in economic assumptions, which may include unemployment rates, real estate prices, gross domestic product levels and corporate bond spreads, customer behavior, adverse developments with respect to U.S. or global economic conditions and other uncertainties, such as the impact of trade policies, supply chain disruptions, commodity prices, inflationary pressures and labor shortages on economic conditions and our business; potential losses related to the Corporation's concentration of credit risk; the Corporation’s ability to achieve its expense targets (including noninterest expense) and expectations regarding revenue, net interest income, operating leverage, other income, provision for credit losses, net charge-offs, effective tax rate, loan or deposit growth or other projections and targets; variances to the underlying assumptions and judgments used in estimating banking book net interest income sensitivity; adverse changes to the Corporation’s credit ratings from the major credit rating agencies; an inability to access capital markets or maintain deposits or borrowing costs; estimates of the fair value and other accounting values, subject to impairment assessments, of certain of the Corporation’s assets and liabilities; the estimated or actual impact of changes in accounting standards or assumptions in applying those standards; uncertainty regarding the content, timing and impact of regulatory capital and liquidity requirements; the impact of adverse changes to total loss-absorbing capacity requirements, stress capital buffer requirements and/or global systemically important bank surcharges; the potential impact of actions of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System on the Corporation’s capital plans; the effect of changes in or interpretations of income tax laws and regulations, including impacts from the 2025 Budget Reconciliation Act; the impact of implementation and compliance with U.S. and international laws, regulations and regulatory interpretations, including recovery and resolution planning requirements, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation assessments, fiduciary standards, derivatives regulations and potential changes to loss allocations between financial institutions and customers, including for losses incurred from the use of our products and services, including electronic payments and payment of checks, that were authorized by the customer but induced by fraud; the impact of failures or
Bank of America 2 | ||||||||
disruptions in or breaches of the Corporation’s operations or information systems, or those of various third parties, including regulators and federal and state governments, such as from cybersecurity incidents; the risks related to the development, implementation, use and management of emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence and the ability to achieve potential benefits, such as increased productivity and cost savings; the risks related to the transition and physical impacts of climate change; our ability to achieve environmental goals or the impact of any changes in the Corporation’s sustainability or human capital management strategy or goals; the impact of uncertain or changing political conditions, federal government shutdowns, including partial shutdowns, and uncertainty regarding the federal government’s debt limit or changes in fiscal, monetary, trade or regulatory policy; the emergence of widespread health emergencies or pandemics; the impact of natural disasters, extreme weather events, military conflicts (including the Russia/Ukraine conflict, the conflicts in the Middle East, the possible expansion of such conflicts and potential geopolitical and economic consequences), civil unrest, terrorism or other geopolitical events; and other matters.
Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and the Corporation undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect the impact of circumstances or events that arise after the date the forward-looking statement was made.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements referred to in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A) are incorporated by reference into the MD&A. Throughout the MD&A, the Corporation uses certain acronyms and abbreviations that are defined in the Glossary.
Executive Summary
Business Overview
The Corporation is a Delaware corporation, a bank holding company (BHC) and a financial holding company. When used in this report, “Bank of America,” “the Corporation,” “we,” “us” and “our” may refer to Bank of America Corporation individually, Bank of America Corporation and its subsidiaries, or certain of Bank of America Corporation’s subsidiaries or affiliates. Our principal executive offices are located in Charlotte, North Carolina. Through our various bank and nonbank subsidiaries throughout the U.S. and in international markets, we provide a diversified range of banking and nonbank financial services and products through four business segments: Consumer Banking, Global Wealth & Investment Management (GWIM), Global Banking and Global Markets, with the remaining operations recorded in All Other. We operate our banking activities primarily under the Bank of America, National Association (Bank of America, N.A. or BANA) charter. At March 31, 2026, the Corporation had $3.5 trillion in assets and a headcount of approximately 212,000 employees. As of March 31, 2026, we served clients through operations across the U.S., its territories and more than 35 countries and/or jurisdictions. Our retail banking footprint covers all major markets in the U.S., and we serve approximately 69 million consumer and small business clients with approximately 3,500 retail financial centers, approximately 15,000 automated teller machines (ATMs), and leading digital banking platforms (www.bankofamerica.com) with approximately 50 million active users, including approximately 42 million active mobile users. We offer industry-leading support to approximately four million small business households. Our GWIM businesses, with client balances of $4.6 trillion, provide tailored solutions to meet client needs through a full set of
investment management, brokerage, banking, trust and retirement products. We are a global leader in corporate and investment banking and trading across a broad range of asset classes serving corporations, governments, institutions and individuals around the world.
The Corporation’s website is www.bankofamerica.com, and the Investor Relations portion of our website is https://investor.bankofamerica.com. We use our website to distribute company information, including as a means of disclosing material, non-public information and for complying with our disclosure obligations under Regulation FD. We routinely post and make accessible financial and other information regarding the Corporation on our website. Investors should monitor our website, including the Investor Relations portion, in addition to our press releases, SEC filings, public conference calls and webcasts. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the information contained on our website as referenced in this paragraph is not incorporated by reference into this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Recent Developments
Capital Management
On April 23, 2026, the Corporation’s Board of Directors (Board) declared a quarterly common stock dividend of $0.28 per share, payable on June 26, 2026 to shareholders of record as of June 5, 2026.
For more information on our capital resources, see Capital Management beginning on page 16.
Financial Highlights
| Table 1 | Summary Income Statement and Selected Financial Data | ||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31 | |||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions, except per share information) | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||
| Income statement | |||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income | $ | 15,745 | $ | 14,443 | |||||||||||||
| Noninterest income | 14,527 | 13,804 | |||||||||||||||
| Total revenue, net of interest expense | 30,272 | 28,247 | |||||||||||||||
| Provision for credit losses | 1,337 | 1,480 | |||||||||||||||
| Noninterest expense | 18,531 | 17,770 | |||||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | 10,404 | 8,997 | |||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense | 1,820 | 1,637 | |||||||||||||||
| Net income | 8,584 | 7,360 | |||||||||||||||
Preferred stock dividends and other | 429 | 406 | |||||||||||||||
| Net income applicable to common shareholders | $ | 8,155 | $ | 6,954 | |||||||||||||
| Per common share information | |||||||||||||||||
| Earnings | $ | 1.12 | $ | 0.91 | |||||||||||||
| Diluted earnings | 1.11 | 0.89 | |||||||||||||||
| Dividends paid | 0.28 | 0.26 | |||||||||||||||
| Performance ratios | |||||||||||||||||
Return on average assets (1) | 0.99 | % | 0.89 | % | |||||||||||||
Return on average common shareholders’ equity (1) | 11.95 | 10.37 | |||||||||||||||
Return on average tangible common shareholders’ equity (2) | 16.00 | 13.97 | |||||||||||||||
Efficiency ratio (1) | 61.22 | 62.91 | |||||||||||||||
| March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | ||||||||||||||||
| Balance sheet | |||||||||||||||||
| Total loans and leases | $ | 1,205,035 | $ | 1,185,700 | |||||||||||||
| Total assets | 3,496,186 | 3,411,738 | |||||||||||||||
| Total deposits | 2,037,663 | 2,018,729 | |||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | 3,195,518 | 3,108,495 | |||||||||||||||
| Total common shareholders’ equity | 275,672 | 277,251 | |||||||||||||||
| Total shareholders’ equity | 300,668 | 303,243 | |||||||||||||||
(1)For definitions, see Key Metrics on page 94.
(2)Return on average tangible common shareholders’ equity is a non-GAAP financial measure. For more information and a corresponding reconciliation to the most directly comparable financial measures defined by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP), see Non-GAAP Reconciliations on page 43.
3 Bank of America | ||||||||
Net income was $8.6 billion, or $1.11 per diluted share, for the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to $7.4 billion, or $0.89 per diluted share, for the same period in 2025. The increase in net income was due to higher net interest income and noninterest income, as well as lower provision for credit losses, partially offset by higher noninterest expense.
Total assets increased $84.4 billion from December 31, 2025 to $3.5 trillion primarily driven by higher securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell and higher derivative assets to support Global Markets client activity, higher loans and leases due to growth in commercial loans, and higher cash and cash equivalents due to deposit inflows, partially offset by lower debt securities due to sales and maturities.
Total liabilities increased $87.0 billion from December 31, 2025 to $3.2 trillion primarily driven by higher trading account liabilities, customer trade payables and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase to support Global Markets client activity, higher deposits in Consumer Banking and Global Banking, as well as higher short-term borrowings and long-term debt issuances for liquidity positioning.
Shareholders’ equity decreased $2.6 billion from December 31, 2025 primarily due to returns of capital to shareholders through common stock repurchases and common and preferred stock dividends, as well as a preferred stock redemption and a decrease in accumulated other comprehensive income (OCI), partially offset by net income.
Net Interest Income
Net interest income increased $1.3 billion to $15.7 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025. Net interest yield on a fully taxable-equivalent (FTE) basis increased eight basis points (bps) to 2.07 percent for the three months ended March 31, 2026. The increases were primarily driven by higher net interest income related to Global Markets activity, deposit and loan growth, and fixed-asset repricing, partially offset by the impact of lower interest rates. For more information on net interest yield and FTE basis, see Supplemental Financial Data on page 5, and for more information on interest rate risk management, see Interest Rate Risk Management for the Banking Book on page 40.
Noninterest Income
| Table 2 | Noninterest Income | |||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31 | ||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||
| Fees and commissions: | ||||||||||||||
| Card income | $ | 1,493 | $ | 1,518 | ||||||||||
| Service charges | 1,674 | 1,561 | ||||||||||||
| Investment and brokerage services | 5,541 | 4,813 | ||||||||||||
| Investment banking fees | 1,841 | 1,523 | ||||||||||||
| Total fees and commissions | 10,549 | 9,415 | ||||||||||||
| Market making and similar activities | 3,637 | 3,584 | ||||||||||||
| Other income (loss) | 341 | 805 | ||||||||||||
| Total noninterest income | $ | 14,527 | $ | 13,804 | ||||||||||
Noninterest income increased $723 million to $14.5 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025. The following highlights the significant changes.
● Service charges increased $113 million primarily due to higher treasury service charges.
● Investment and brokerage services increased $728 million primarily driven by higher asset management fees reflecting higher market valuations and the impact of strong assets under management (AUM) flows, as well as higher brokerage fees due to increased transactional volume, partially offset by the impact of lower AUM pricing.
● Investment banking fees increased $318 million driven by higher advisory fees, equity issuance and debt issuance fees.
● Market making and similar activities increased $53 million primarily driven by higher trading revenue in Equities, partially offset by lower income from foreign currency risk management activities.
● Other income decreased $464 million primarily due to gains recorded on leveraged finance activities in the prior-year period.
Provision for Credit Losses
The provision for credit losses decreased $143 million to $1.3 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025. For more information on the provision for credit losses, see Note 5 – Outstanding Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Noninterest Expense
| Table 3 | Noninterest Expense | |||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31 | ||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | $ | 11,334 | $ | 10,889 | ||||||||||
| Information processing and communications | 2,018 | 1,894 | ||||||||||||
| Occupancy and equipment | 1,900 | 1,856 | ||||||||||||
| Product delivery and transaction related | 1,126 | 914 | ||||||||||||
| Professional fees | 583 | 652 | ||||||||||||
| Marketing | 533 | 506 | ||||||||||||
| Other general operating | 1,037 | 1,059 | ||||||||||||
| Total noninterest expense | $ | 18,531 | $ | 17,770 | ||||||||||
Noninterest expense increased $761 million to $18.5 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025. The increase was primarily driven by higher revenue-related expenses, as well as continued investments in the business, including people and technology.
Income Tax Expense
| Table 4 | Income Tax Expense | |||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31 | ||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | $ | 10,404 | $ | 8,997 | ||||||||||
| Income tax expense | 1,820 | 1,637 | ||||||||||||
Effective tax rate | 17.5 | % | 18.2 | % | ||||||||||
The effective tax rate decreased for the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025 primarily due to higher benefits related to the vesting of employee share-based awards in the current-year period.
Bank of America 4 | ||||||||
Supplemental Financial Data
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we present certain non-GAAP financial measures. Non-GAAP financial measures exclude certain items or otherwise include components that differ from the most directly comparable measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. Non-GAAP financial measures are provided as additional useful information to assess our financial condition, results of operations (including period-to-period operating performance) or compliance with prospective regulatory requirements. These non-GAAP financial measures are not intended as a substitute for GAAP financial measures and may not be defined or calculated the same way as non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies.
When presented on a consolidated basis, we view net interest income on an FTE basis as a non-GAAP financial measure. To derive the FTE basis, net interest income is adjusted to reflect tax-exempt income on an equivalent before-tax basis with a corresponding increase in income tax expense. For purposes of this calculation, we use the federal statutory tax rate of 21 percent and a representative state tax rate. Net interest yield, which measures the basis points we earn over the cost of funds, utilizes net interest income on an FTE basis. We believe that presentation of these items on an FTE basis allows for comparison of amounts from both taxable and tax-exempt sources and is consistent with industry practices.
We may present certain key performance indicators and ratios excluding certain items (e.g., debit valuation adjustment (DVA) gains (losses)), which result in non-GAAP financial measures. We believe that the presentation of measures that exclude these items is useful because such measures provide additional information to assess the underlying operational performance and trends of our businesses and to allow better comparison of period-to-period operating performance.
We also evaluate our business based on certain ratios that utilize tangible equity, a non-GAAP financial measure. Tangible equity represents shareholders’ equity or common shareholders’ equity reduced by goodwill and intangible assets (excluding mortgage servicing rights (MSRs)), net of related deferred tax liabilities (“adjusted” shareholders’ equity or common shareholders’ equity). These measures are used to evaluate our use of equity. In addition, profitability, relationship and investment models use both return on average tangible common shareholders’ equity and return on average tangible
shareholders’ equity as key measures to support our overall growth objectives. These ratios are:
● Return on average tangible common shareholders’ equity measures our net income applicable to common shareholders as a percentage of adjusted average common shareholders’ equity. The tangible common equity ratio represents adjusted ending common shareholders’ equity divided by total tangible assets.
● Return on average tangible shareholders’ equity measures our net income as a percentage of adjusted average total shareholders’ equity. The tangible equity ratio represents adjusted ending shareholders’ equity divided by total tangible assets.
● Tangible book value per common share represents adjusted ending common shareholders’ equity divided by ending common shares outstanding.
We believe ratios utilizing tangible equity provide additional useful information because they present measures of those assets that can generate income. Tangible book value per common share provides additional useful information about the level of tangible assets in relation to outstanding shares of common stock.
The aforementioned supplemental data and performance measures are presented in Table 5 on page 6.
For more information on the reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures to the corresponding GAAP financial measures, see Non-GAAP Reconciliations on page 43.
Key Performance Indicators
We present certain key financial and nonfinancial performance indicators (key performance indicators) that management uses when assessing our consolidated and/or segment results. We believe they are useful to investors because they provide additional information about our underlying operational performance and trends. These key performance indicators (KPIs) may not be defined or calculated in the same way as similar KPIs used by other companies. For information on how these metrics are defined, see Key Metrics on page 94.
Our consolidated key performance indicators, which include various equity and credit metrics, are presented in Table 1 on page 3, and Table 5 on page 6.
For information on key segment performance metrics, see Business Segment Operations on page 8.
5 Bank of America | ||||||||
| Table 5 | Selected Quarterly Financial Data | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 Quarter | 2025 Quarters | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions, except per share information) | First | Fourth | Third | Second | First | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income statement | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income | $ | 15,745 | $ | 15,750 | $ | 15,233 | $ | 14,670 | $ | 14,443 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Noninterest income | 14,527 | 12,617 | 13,807 | 12,773 | 13,804 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue, net of interest expense | 30,272 | 28,367 | 29,040 | 27,443 | 28,247 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for credit losses | 1,337 | 1,308 | 1,295 | 1,592 | 1,480 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Noninterest expense | 18,531 | 17,437 | 17,337 | 17,183 | 17,770 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | 10,404 | 9,622 | 10,408 | 8,668 | 8,997 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense | 1,820 | 1,975 | 2,076 | 1,498 | 1,637 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | 8,584 | 7,647 | 8,332 | 7,170 | 7,360 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income applicable to common shareholders | 8,155 | 7,319 | 7,903 | 6,879 | 6,954 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average common shares issued and outstanding | 7,256.1 | 7,364.9 | 7,466.0 | 7,581.2 | 7,677.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average diluted common shares issued and outstanding | 7,417.5 | 7,546.9 | 7,627.1 | 7,651.6 | 7,770.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Performance ratios | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Return on average assets (1) | 0.99 | % | 0.89 | % | 0.96 | % | 0.84 | % | 0.89 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Four-quarter trailing return on average assets (2) | 0.92 | 0.89 | 0.88 | 0.84 | 0.84 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Return on average common shareholders’ equity (1) | 11.95 | 10.45 | 11.40 | 10.12 | 10.37 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Return on average tangible common shareholders’ equity (3) | 16.00 | 13.97 | 15.29 | 13.61 | 13.97 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Return on average shareholders’ equity (1) | 11.51 | 9.98 | 11.01 | 9.74 | 10.15 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Return on average tangible shareholders’ equity (3) | 14.98 | 12.97 | 14.35 | 12.77 | 13.32 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total ending equity to total ending assets | 8.60 | 8.89 | 8.89 | 8.66 | 8.78 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Common equity ratio (1) | 7.88 | 8.13 | 8.12 | 7.98 | 8.17 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total average equity to total average assets | 8.61 | 8.86 | 8.75 | 8.61 | 8.78 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividend payout (1) | 24.82 | 28.02 | 26.31 | 28.48 | 28.65 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Per common share data | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings | $ | 1.12 | $ | 0.99 | $ | 1.06 | $ | 0.91 | $ | 0.91 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted earnings | 1.11 | 0.98 | 1.04 | 0.90 | 0.89 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends paid | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.26 | 0.26 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Book value (1) | 38.66 | 38.44 | 37.72 | 36.92 | 36.17 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tangible book value (3) | 28.84 | 28.73 | 28.16 | 27.49 | 26.90 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market capitalization | $ | 347,583 | $ | 396,686 | $ | 378,125 | $ | 351,904 | $ | 315,482 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average balance sheet | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total loans and leases | $ | 1,189,528 | $ | 1,170,895 | $ | 1,153,035 | $ | 1,128,453 | $ | 1,093,738 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | 3,512,490 | 3,427,791 | 3,433,447 | 3,430,280 | 3,349,011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total deposits | 2,016,929 | 2,012,523 | 1,991,434 | 1,973,761 | 1,958,332 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt | 253,997 | 245,470 | 247,425 | 249,104 | 241,036 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common shareholders’ equity | 276,753 | 277,881 | 275,149 | 272,756 | 271,880 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total shareholders’ equity | 302,501 | 303,873 | 300,381 | 295,329 | 294,187 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset quality | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Allowance for credit losses (4) | $ | 14,309 | $ | 14,380 | $ | 14,361 | $ | 14,434 | $ | 14,366 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Nonperforming loans, leases and foreclosed properties (5) | 5,933 | 5,905 | 5,470 | 6,104 | 6,201 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total loans and leases outstanding (5) | 1.09 | % | 1.12 | % | 1.14 | % | 1.17 | % | 1.20 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total nonperforming loans and leases (5) | 225 | 228 | 248 | 222 | 218 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net charge-offs | $ | 1,409 | $ | 1,287 | $ | 1,367 | $ | 1,525 | $ | 1,452 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Annualized net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans and leases outstanding (5) | 0.48 | % | 0.44 | % | 0.47 | % | 0.55 | % | 0.54 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Capital ratios at period end (6) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Common equity tier 1 capital | 11.2 | % | 11.4 | % | 11.6 | % | 11.5 | % | 11.8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tier 1 capital | 12.6 | 12.8 | 13.1 | 12.9 | 13.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total capital | 14.5 | 14.7 | 15.0 | 14.8 | 15.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tier 1 leverage | 6.5 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.7 | 6.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supplementary leverage ratio | 5.5 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tangible equity (3) | 6.7 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 6.8 | 6.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tangible common equity (3) | 6.0 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.1 | 6.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total loss-absorbing capacity and long-term debt metrics | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total loss-absorbing capacity to risk-weighted assets | 26.1 | % | 26.3 | % | 27.0 | % | 27.1 | % | 27.4 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total loss-absorbing capacity to supplementary leverage exposure | 11.3 | 11.7 | 11.9 | 12.0 | 12.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Eligible long-term debt to risk-weighted assets | 12.6 | 12.7 | 13.1 | 13.5 | 13.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Eligible long-term debt to supplementary leverage exposure | 5.5 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 6.0 | 6.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)For definitions, see Key Metrics on page 94.
(2)Calculated as total net income for four consecutive quarters divided by annualized average assets for four consecutive quarters.
(3)Tangible equity ratios and tangible book value per share of common stock are non-GAAP financial measures. For more information on these ratios and corresponding reconciliations to GAAP financial measures, see Supplemental Financial Data on page 5 and Non-GAAP Reconciliations on page 43.
(4)Includes the allowance for loan and lease losses and the reserve for unfunded lending commitments.
(5)Balances and ratios do not include loans accounted for under the fair value option. For additional exclusions from nonperforming loans, leases and foreclosed properties, see Consumer Portfolio Credit Risk Management – Nonperforming Consumer Loans, Leases and Foreclosed Properties Activity on page 29 and corresponding Table 24 and Commercial Portfolio Credit Risk Management – Nonperforming Commercial Loans, Leases and Foreclosed Properties Activity on page 33 and corresponding Table 30.
(6)For more information, including which approach is used to assess capital adequacy, see Capital Management on page 16.
Bank of America 6 | ||||||||
| Table 6 | Quarterly Average Balances and Interest Rates - FTE Basis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average Balance | Interest Income/ Expense (1) | Yield/ Rate | Average Balance | Interest Income/ Expense (1) | Yield/ Rate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | First Quarter 2026 | First Quarter 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earning assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve, non-U.S. central banks and other banks | $ | 244,128 | $ | 2,087 | 3.47 | % | $ | 272,012 | $ | 2,810 | 4.19 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Time deposits placed and other short-term investments | 10,470 | 77 | 2.98 | 9,202 | 92 | 4.04 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell | 346,289 | 3,857 | 4.52 | 322,012 | 3,774 | 4.75 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trading account assets | 258,038 | 3,232 | 5.08 | 231,437 | 3,034 | 5.31 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt securities | 914,990 | 6,307 | 2.77 | 923,747 | 6,786 | 2.95 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans and leases (2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential mortgage | 236,089 | 2,084 | 3.54 | 228,638 | 1,916 | 3.36 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Home equity | 26,884 | 352 | 5.31 | 25,849 | 366 | 5.74 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit card | 103,087 | 2,822 | 11.10 | 100,173 | 2,838 | 11.49 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Direct/Indirect and other consumer | 114,167 | 1,453 | 5.17 | 106,847 | 1,432 | 5.43 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total consumer | 480,227 | 6,711 | 5.65 | 461,507 | 6,552 | 5.74 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. commercial | 466,097 | 5,776 | 5.02 | 411,783 | 5,427 | 5.34 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. commercial | 158,080 | 1,851 | 4.75 | 138,853 | 2,058 | 6.01 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Commercial real estate (3) | 68,829 | 963 | 5.67 | 65,751 | 1,020 | 6.29 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial lease financing | 16,295 | 233 | 5.74 | 15,844 | 215 | 5.46 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total commercial | 709,301 | 8,823 | 5.04 | 632,231 | 8,720 | 5.59 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total loans and leases | 1,189,528 | 15,534 | 5.29 | 1,093,738 | 15,272 | 5.65 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other earning assets | 136,534 | 2,427 | 7.20 | 114,695 | 2,443 | 8.63 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total earning assets | 3,099,977 | 33,521 | 4.38 | 2,966,843 | 34,211 | 4.67 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and due from banks | 25,877 | 23,700 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other assets, less allowance for loan and lease losses | 386,636 | 358,468 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 3,512,490 | $ | 3,349,011 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. interest-bearing deposits | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Demand and money market deposits | $ | 1,109,607 | $ | 4,940 | 1.81 | % | $ | 1,068,521 | $ | 5,526 | 2.10 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Time and savings deposits | 251,937 | 1,689 | 2.72 | 262,711 | 2,119 | 3.27 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total U.S. interest-bearing deposits | 1,361,544 | 6,629 | 1.97 | 1,331,232 | 7,645 | 2.33 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. interest-bearing deposits | 129,047 | 672 | 2.11 | 116,733 | 987 | 3.42 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total interest-bearing deposits | 1,490,591 | 7,301 | 1.99 | 1,447,965 | 8,632 | 2.42 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase | 384,213 | 4,287 | 4.52 | 385,091 | 4,629 | 4.87 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term borrowings and other interest-bearing liabilities | 198,232 | 2,223 | 4.55 | 160,226 | 2,334 | 5.91 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trading account liabilities | 52,927 | 745 | 5.71 | 53,678 | 707 | 5.34 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt | 253,997 | 3,058 | 4.86 | 241,036 | 3,321 | 5.56 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total interest-bearing liabilities | 2,379,960 | 17,614 | 3.00 | 2,287,996 | 19,623 | 3.47 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Noninterest-bearing sources | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Noninterest-bearing deposits | 526,338 | 510,367 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other liabilities (4) | 303,691 | 256,461 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shareholders’ equity | 302,501 | 294,187 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 3,512,490 | $ | 3,349,011 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest spread | 1.38 | % | 1.20 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impact of noninterest-bearing sources | 0.69 | 0.79 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net interest income/yield on earning assets (5) | $ | 15,907 | 2.07 | % | $ | 14,588 | 1.99 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Includes the impact of interest rate risk management contracts. For more information, see Interest Rate Risk Management for the Banking Book on page 40.
(2)Nonperforming loans are included in the respective average loan balances. Income on these nonperforming loans is generally recognized on a cost recovery basis.
(3)Includes U.S. commercial real estate loans of $63.1 billion and $59.8 billion, and non-U.S. commercial real estate loans of $5.8 billion and $5.9 billion for the first quarter of 2026 and 2025.
(4)Includes $77.3 billion and $53.7 billion of structured notes and liabilities for the first quarter of 2026 and 2025.
(5)Net interest income includes FTE adjustments of $162 million and $145 million for the first quarter of 2026 and 2025.
7 Bank of America | ||||||||
Business Segment Operations
Segment Description and Basis of Presentation
We report our results of operations through four business segments: Consumer Banking, GWIM, Global Banking and Global Markets, with the remaining operations recorded in All Other. We manage our segments and report their results on an FTE basis. For more information, see Business Segment Operations in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
We periodically review capital allocated to our businesses and allocate capital annually during the strategic and capital planning processes. We utilize a methodology that considers the effect of regulatory capital requirements in addition to internal risk-based capital models. The capital allocated to the business segments is referred to as allocated capital. Allocated equity in the reporting units is comprised of allocated capital plus capital
for the portion of goodwill and intangibles specifically assigned to the reporting unit. For more information, including the definition of a reporting unit, see Note 7 – Goodwill and Intangible Assets to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
For more information on our presentation of financial information on an FTE basis, see Supplemental Financial Data on page 5, and for reconciliations to consolidated total revenue, net income and period--end total assets, see Note 17 – Business Segment Information to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Key Performance Indicators
We present certain key financial and nonfinancial performance indicators that management uses when evaluating segment results. We believe they are useful to investors because they provide additional information about our segments’ operational performance, client trends and business growth.
Consumer Banking
| Three Months Ended March 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2026 | 2025 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income | $ | 8,993 | $ | 8,505 | 6 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Noninterest income: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Card income | 1,273 | 1,297 | (2) | |||||||||||||||||
| Service charges | 638 | 618 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||
| All other income | 145 | 73 | 99 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total noninterest income | 2,056 | 1,988 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||
Total revenue, net of interest expense | 11,049 | 10,493 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||
| Provision for credit losses | 1,132 | 1,292 | (12) | |||||||||||||||||
| Noninterest expense | 5,837 | 5,826 | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | 4,080 | 3,375 | 21 | |||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense | 1,020 | 844 | 21 | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 3,060 | $ | 2,531 | 21 | |||||||||||||||
Effective tax rate | 25.0 | % | 25.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Net interest yield | 3.66 | 3.48 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Efficiency ratio | 52.82 | 55.53 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Return on average allocated capital | 27 | 23 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Balance Sheet | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Average | 2026 | 2025 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||
| Total loans and leases | $ | 322,164 | $ | 315,038 | 2 | % | ||||||||||||||
Total earning assets | 996,431 | 992,252 | — | |||||||||||||||||
Total assets | 1,034,670 | 1,029,320 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total deposits | 950,809 | 947,550 | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Allocated capital | 45,500 | 44,000 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||
| Period end | March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||
| Total loans and leases | $ | 321,196 | $ | 325,871 | (1) | % | ||||||||||||||
Total earning assets | 1,019,832 | 998,969 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||
Total assets | 1,058,618 | 1,039,346 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total deposits | 973,306 | 956,265 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||
Consumer Banking offers a diversified range of lending, deposit and investment products and services to consumers and small businesses. For more information about Consumer Banking, see Business Segment Operations in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Consumer Banking Results
Net income for Consumer Banking increased $529 million to $3.1 billion compared to the same period in 2025 primarily due to higher revenue and lower provision for credit losses. Net interest income increased $488 million to $9.0 billion primarily
driven by higher deposit spreads, as well as loan and deposit balances. Noninterest income increased $68 million to $2.1 billion, primarily due to results from the allocation of asset and liability management (ALM) activities.
The provision for credit losses decreased $160 million to $1.1 billion primarily due to improved asset quality in credit card. Noninterest expense remained relatively unchanged at $5.8 billion.
The return on average allocated capital was 27 percent, up from 23 percent, due to higher net income, partially offset by an increase in allocated capital. For information on capital
Bank of America 8 | ||||||||
allocated to the business segments, see Business Segment Operations on page 8.
Average loans and leases increased $7.1 billion to $322.2 billion due to growth across all products.
Average deposits increased $3.3 billion to $950.8 billion primarily due to net inflows of $9.1 billion in checking and $7.9 billion in time deposits, partially offset by net outflows of $13.8 billion in money market and other savings.
Consumer investment assets increased $75.6 billion to $573.3 billion driven by higher market valuations and positive net client flows.
Key Statistics
The table below provides key performance indicators for deposit spreads, other period-end information, credit and debit card and loan production activities.
| Key Statistics | |||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31 | |||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||
Deposit Spreads | |||||||||||
Total deposit spreads (excludes noninterest costs) | 3.01% | 2.85% | |||||||||
| Period end | |||||||||||
Consumer investment assets (in millions) (1) | $ | 573,254 | $ | 497,680 | |||||||
Active digital banking users (in thousands) (2) | 49,986 | 49,028 | |||||||||
Active mobile banking users (in thousands) (3) | 41,766 | 40,492 | |||||||||
| Financial centers | 3,540 | 3,681 | |||||||||
| ATMs | 14,902 | 14,866 | |||||||||
Credit and Debit Card | |||||||||||
Total credit card (4) | |||||||||||
Gross interest yield (5) | 11.64 | % | 12.12 | % | |||||||
Risk-adjusted margin (6) | 6.69 | 6.68 | |||||||||
| New accounts (in thousands) | 884 | 913 | |||||||||
| Purchase volumes | $ | 92,972 | $ | 88,208 | |||||||
| Debit card purchase volumes | 151,934 | 140,197 | |||||||||
Loan Production (7) | |||||||||||
| Consumer Banking: | |||||||||||
| First mortgage | $ | 3,066 | $ | 1,857 | |||||||
| Home equity | 2,000 | 1,834 | |||||||||
Total (8): | |||||||||||
| First mortgage | $ | 6,432 | $ | 4,508 | |||||||
| Home equity | 2,462 | 2,214 | |||||||||
(1)Includes client brokerage assets, deposit sweep balances, brokered CDs and AUM in Consumer Banking.
(2)Represents mobile and/or online active users over the past 90 days.
(3)Represents mobile active users over the past 90 days.
(4)Includes consumer credit card portfolios in Consumer Banking and GWIM.
(5)Calculated as the effective annual percentage rate divided by average loans.
(6)Calculated as the difference between total revenue, net of interest expense, and net charge-offs divided by average loans.
(7)The loan production amounts represent the unpaid principal balance of loans and, in the case of home equity, the principal amount of the total line of credit.
(8)In addition to loan production in Consumer Banking, there is also first mortgage and home equity loan production in GWIM.
Active mobile banking users increased by more than one million, reflecting client growth and continuing changes in our clients’ banking preferences. We had a net decrease of 141 financial centers and an increase of 36 ATMs as we continued to optimize our consumer banking network.
During the three months ended March 31, 2026, the total risk-adjusted margin increased one basis point primarily driven by lower net charge-offs, largely offset by lower card-related fee income and lower net interest margin due to loan balance mix. Total credit card purchase volumes increased $4.8 billion to $93.0 billion, and debit card purchase volumes increased $11.7 billion to $151.9 billion, reflecting higher levels of consumer spending.
During the three months ended March 31, 2026, first mortgage loan originations for Consumer Banking and the total Corporation increased $1.2 billion and $1.9 billion compared to the same period in 2025 primarily driven by higher demand.
During the three months ended March 31, 2026, home equity production in Consumer Banking and the total Corporation increased $166 million and $248 million compared to the same period in 2025 primarily driven by higher demand.
9 Bank of America | ||||||||
Global Wealth & Investment Management
| Three Months Ended March 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2026 | 2025 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income | $ | 1,862 | $ | 1,765 | 5 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Noninterest income: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment and brokerage services | 4,671 | 4,089 | 14 | |||||||||||||||||
| All other income | 179 | 162 | 10 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total noninterest income | 4,850 | 4,251 | 14 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue, net of interest expense | 6,712 | 6,016 | 12 | |||||||||||||||||
| Provision for credit losses | 2 | 14 | (86) | |||||||||||||||||
| Noninterest expense | 4,938 | 4,659 | 6 | |||||||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | 1,772 | 1,343 | 32 | |||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense | 443 | 336 | 32 | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 1,329 | $ | 1,007 | 32 | |||||||||||||||
| Effective tax rate | 25.0 | % | 25.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Net interest yield | 2.37 | 2.26 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Efficiency ratio | 73.58 | 77.44 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Return on average allocated capital | 24 | 21 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Balance Sheet | ||||||||||||||||||||
| | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Average | 2026 | 2025 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||
| Total loans and leases | $ | 262,150 | $ | 232,326 | 13 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Total earning assets | 318,978 | 316,887 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | 333,409 | 330,607 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total deposits | 286,578 | 286,399 | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Allocated capital | 22,250 | 19,750 | 13 | |||||||||||||||||
| Period end | March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||
| Total loans and leases | $ | 264,070 | $ | 261,303 | 1 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Total earning assets | 321,554 | 320,899 | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | 336,511 | 335,495 | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Total deposits | 287,719 | 289,854 | (1) | |||||||||||||||||
GWIM consists of two primary businesses: Merrill Wealth Management and Bank of America Private Bank. For more information on GWIM, see Business Segment Operations in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Net income for GWIM increased $322 million to $1.3 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025 primarily due to higher revenue, partially offset by higher noninterest expense. The operating margin was 26 percent compared to 22 percent a year ago.
Net interest income increased $97 million to $1.9 billion primarily driven by loan growth.
Noninterest income, which primarily includes investment and brokerage services income, increased $599 million to $4.9 billion. The increase was primarily driven by higher asset management fees, which increased 15 percent to $4.2 billion, reflecting higher market valuations and the impact of strong AUM flows, as well as higher brokerage fees due to increased transactional volume, partially offset by the impact of lower AUM pricing.
Noninterest expense increased $279 million to $4.9 billion primarily due to higher revenue-related incentives.
The return on average allocated capital was 24 percent, up from 21 percent, due to higher net income, partially offset by an increase in allocated capital. For information on capital allocated to the business segments, see Business Segment Operations on page 8.
Average loans and leases increased $29.8 billion to $262.2 billion primarily driven by custom lending, securities-based lending and residential mortgage. Average deposits increased $179 million to $286.6 billion, with growth in banking balances largely offset by a decline in brokerage deposits due to clients moving balances to higher yielding cash alternatives.
Merrill Wealth Management revenue of $5.6 billion increased 11 percent primarily driven by higher asset management fees reflecting higher market valuations and the impact of strong AUM flows, as well as higher brokerage fees due to increased transactional volume, partially offset by the impact of lower AUM pricing.
Bank of America Private Bank revenue of $1.1 billion increased 14 percent primarily driven by higher net interest income from loan and deposit growth, as well as higher asset management fees reflecting higher market valuations and the impact of strong AUM flows.
Bank of America 10 | ||||||||
Key Indicators and Metrics | |||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31 | |||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||
| Revenue by Business | |||||||||||
| Merrill Wealth Management | $ | 5,579 | $ | 5,019 | |||||||
| Bank of America Private Bank | 1,133 | 997 | |||||||||
| Total revenue, net of interest expense | $ | 6,712 | $ | 6,016 | |||||||
| Client Balances by Business, at period end | |||||||||||
| Merrill Wealth Management | $ | 3,815,389 | $ | 3,486,594 | |||||||
Bank of America Private Bank | 757,017 | 670,600 | |||||||||
| Total client balances | $ | 4,572,406 | $ | 4,157,194 | |||||||
| Client Balances by Type, at period end | |||||||||||
| Assets under management | $ | 2,115,782 | $ | 1,855,657 | |||||||
| Brokerage and other assets | 1,946,617 | 1,821,203 | |||||||||
| Deposits | 287,719 | 285,063 | |||||||||
Loans and leases (1) | 266,657 | 236,641 | |||||||||
| Less: Managed deposits in assets under management | (44,369) | (41,370) | |||||||||
| Total client balances | $ | 4,572,406 | $ | 4,157,194 | |||||||
| Assets Under Management Rollforward | |||||||||||
| Assets under management, beginning of period | $ | 2,177,708 | $ | 1,882,211 | |||||||
| Net client flows | 20,372 | 23,957 | |||||||||
Market valuation/other | (82,298) | (50,511) | |||||||||
| Total assets under management, end of period | $ | 2,115,782 | $ | 1,855,657 | |||||||
(1)Includes margin receivables, which are classified in customer and other receivables on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Client Balances
Client balances increased $415.2 billion, or 10 percent, to $4.6 trillion at March 31, 2026 compared to March 31, 2025. The increase in client balances was driven by higher market valuations and positive net client flows.
11 Bank of America | ||||||||
Global Banking
| Three Months Ended March 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2026 | 2025 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income | $ | 3,230 | $ | 3,151 | 3 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Noninterest income: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Service charges | 904 | 826 | 9 | |||||||||||||||||
| Investment banking fees | 1,047 | 847 | 24 | |||||||||||||||||
| All other income | 1,106 | 1,168 | (5) | |||||||||||||||||
| Total noninterest income | 3,057 | 2,841 | 8 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue, net of interest expense | 6,287 | 5,992 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||
| Provision for credit losses | 185 | 154 | 20 | |||||||||||||||||
| Noninterest expense | 3,223 | 3,184 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | 2,879 | 2,654 | 8 | |||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense | 792 | 730 | 8 | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 2,087 | $ | 1,924 | 8 | |||||||||||||||
| Effective tax rate | 27.5 | % | 27.5 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Net interest yield | 1.91 | 2.10 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Efficiency ratio | 51.27 | 53.14 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Return on average allocated capital | 16 | 15 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Balance Sheet | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Average | 2026 | 2025 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||
Total loans and leases | $ | 396,988 | $ | 378,733 | 5 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Total earning assets | 685,393 | 608,793 | 13 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | 749,898 | 673,883 | 11 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total deposits | 647,583 | 575,185 | 13 | |||||||||||||||||
| Allocated capital | 54,250 | 50,750 | 7 | |||||||||||||||||
| Period end | March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||
| Total loans and leases | $ | 406,982 | $ | 388,998 | 5 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Total earning assets | 681,219 | 671,354 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | 745,299 | 734,710 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total deposits | 647,018 | 641,211 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
Global Banking, which includes Global Corporate Banking, Global Commercial Banking, Business Banking and Global Investment Banking, provides a wide range of lending-related products and services, integrated working capital management and treasury solutions, and underwriting and advisory services through our network of global offices and client relationship teams. For more information about Global Banking, see Business Segment Operations in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Net income for Global Banking increased $163 million to $2.1 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025 driven by higher revenue, partially offset by higher noninterest expense and higher provision for credit losses.
Net interest income increased $79 million to $3.2 billion primarily due to the benefit of higher average deposit and loan balances, partially offset by the impact of lower interest rates.
Noninterest income increased $216 million to $3.1 billion primarily due to higher investment banking fees, revenue from tax-related equity investment activity and higher treasury service charges, partially offset by gains related to sales of certain leveraged finance positions in the prior-year period.
The provision for credit losses increased $31 million to $185 million primarily driven by loan growth in the commercial and industrial portfolio and a qualitative reserve build related to uncertainties associated with the ongoing conflicts in the Middle East, partially offset by improved asset quality within the commercial real estate portfolio.
Noninterest expense was $3.2 billion, relatively unchanged from the same period a year ago.
The return on average allocated capital was 16 percent, up from 15 percent, due to higher net income, partially offset by an increase in allocated capital. For information on capital allocated to the business segments, see Business Segment Operations on page 8.
Global Corporate, Global Commercial and Business Banking
The following table and discussion present a summary of results, which exclude certain investment banking and other activities in Global Banking.
Bank of America 12 | ||||||||
| Global Corporate, Global Commercial and Business Banking | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Global Corporate Banking | Global Commercial Banking | Business Banking | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Business Lending | $ | 1,092 | $ | 949 | $ | 1,137 | $ | 1,109 | $ | 48 | $ | 54 | $ | 2,277 | $ | 2,112 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Global Transaction Services | 1,406 | 1,288 | 1,095 | 1,032 | 384 | 360 | 2,885 | 2,680 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue, net of interest expense | $ | 2,498 | $ | 2,237 | $ | 2,232 | $ | 2,141 | $ | 432 | $ | 414 | $ | 5,162 | $ | 4,792 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance Sheet | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total loans and leases | $ | 182,543 | $ | 171,087 | $ | 201,992 | $ | 195,775 | $ | 12,353 | $ | 11,779 | $ | 396,888 | $ | 378,641 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total deposits | 360,972 | 317,620 | 229,011 | 205,341 | 57,600 | 52,225 | 647,583 | 575,186 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Period end | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total loans and leases | $ | 188,047 | $ | 175,916 | $ | 206,384 | $ | 196,502 | $ | 12,548 | $ | 11,770 | $ | 406,979 | $ | 384,188 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total deposits | 356,162 | 335,905 | 232,338 | 204,422 | 58,517 | 51,293 | 647,017 | 591,620 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Business Lending revenue increased $165 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025 primarily driven by tax-related equity investment activity in affordable housing and renewable energy.
Global Transaction Services revenue increased $205 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025 primarily driven by the benefit of higher average deposit balances and higher treasury service charges, partially offset by the impact of lower interest rates.
Average loans and leases of $396.9 billion increased five percent for the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025 due to client demand. Average deposits of $647.6 billion increased 13 percent due to growth in deposit balances from existing clients and the addition of new clients.
Global Investment Banking
Client teams and product specialists underwrite and distribute debt, equity and loan products, and provide advisory services and tailored risk management solutions. The economics of certain investment banking and underwriting activities are shared primarily between Global Banking and Global Markets under an internal revenue-sharing arrangement. Global Banking originates certain deal-related transactions with our corporate and commercial clients that are executed and distributed by
Global Markets. To provide a complete discussion of our consolidated investment banking fees, the table below presents total Corporation investment banking fees and the portion attributable to Global Banking.
| Investment Banking Fees | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Global Banking | Total Corporation | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Products | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Advisory | $ | 497 | $ | 339 | $ | 553 | $ | 384 | |||||||||||||||
| Debt issuance | 420 | 409 | 986 | 942 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Equity issuance | 130 | 99 | 353 | 272 | |||||||||||||||||||
Gross investment banking fees | 1,047 | 847 | 1,892 | 1,598 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Self-led deals | (14) | (28) | (51) | (75) | |||||||||||||||||||
Total investment banking fees | $ | 1,033 | $ | 819 | $ | 1,841 | $ | 1,523 | |||||||||||||||
Total Corporation investment banking fees, which exclude self-led deals and are primarily included within Global Banking and Global Markets, increased 21 percent to $1.8 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025 primarily due to higher advisory fees, equity issuance and debt issuance fees.
13 Bank of America | ||||||||
Global Markets
| Three Months Ended March 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2026 | 2025 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income | $ | 1,861 | $ | 1,189 | 57 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Noninterest income: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment and brokerage services | 760 | 627 | 21 | |||||||||||||||||
| Investment banking fees | 762 | 681 | 12 | |||||||||||||||||
| Market making and similar activities | 3,721 | 3,622 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||
| All other income | 5 | 466 | (99) | |||||||||||||||||
| Total noninterest income | 5,248 | 5,396 | (3) | |||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue, net of interest expense | 7,109 | 6,585 | 8 | |||||||||||||||||
| Provision for credit losses | 27 | 28 | (4) | |||||||||||||||||
| Noninterest expense | 4,370 | 3,811 | 15 | |||||||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | 2,712 | 2,746 | (1) | |||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense | 705 | 796 | (11) | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 2,007 | $ | 1,950 | 3 | |||||||||||||||
| Effective tax rate | 26.0 | % | 29.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Efficiency ratio | 61.47 | 57.88 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Return on average allocated capital | 15 | 16 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Balance Sheet | Three Months Ended March 31 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Average | 2026 | 2025 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||
| Trading-related assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Trading account securities | $ | 387,514 | $ | 346,590 | 12 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Reverse repurchases | 157,053 | 143,605 | 9 | |||||||||||||||||
| Securities borrowed | 140,148 | 136,800 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||
| Derivative assets | 45,258 | 41,242 | 10 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total trading-related assets | 729,973 | 668,237 | 9 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total loans and leases | 201,237 | 159,625 | 26 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total earning assets | 874,270 | 767,592 | 14 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | 1,101,576 | 969,282 | 14 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total deposits | 39,752 | 38,809 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||
| Allocated capital | 53,500 | 49,000 | 9 | |||||||||||||||||
| Period end | March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||
| Total trading-related assets | $ | 727,035 | $ | 670,949 | 8 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Total loans and leases | 205,941 | 202,733 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total earning assets | 866,402 | 814,196 | 6 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | 1,091,745 | 1,032,858 | 6 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total deposits | 38,012 | 40,614 | (6) | |||||||||||||||||
Global Markets offers sales and trading services and research services to institutional clients across fixed-income, credit, currency, commodity and equity businesses. Global Markets product coverage includes securities and derivative products in both the primary and secondary markets. For more information about Global Markets, see Business Segment Operations in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The following explanations for period-over-period changes in results for Global Markets, including those disclosed under Sales and Trading Revenue, are the same for amounts including and excluding net DVA. Amounts excluding net DVA are non-GAAP financial measures. For more information on net DVA, see Supplemental Financial Data on page 5.
Net income for Global Markets increased $57 million to $2.0 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025. Net DVA gains were $63 million compared to $19 million in 2025. Excluding net DVA, net income increased $23 million to $2.0 billion.
Revenue increased $524 million to $7.1 billion primarily due to higher sales and trading revenue, partially offset by gains related to sales of certain leveraged finance positions in the prior-year period. Sales and trading revenue increased $722 million, and excluding net DVA, increased $678 million. These increases were primarily driven by higher revenue in Equities.
Noninterest expense increased $559 million to $4.4 billion primarily driven by higher revenue-related expenses and continued investments in the business, including people and technology.
Average total assets increased $132.3 billion to $1.1 trillion for the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025 driven by loan growth, higher levels of inventory and increased financing activity. Period-end total assets increased $58.9 billion from December 31, 2025 to $1.1 trillion driven by the same factors as average total assets.
The return on average allocated capital was 15 percent, down from 16 percent, primarily due to an increase in allocated capital. For information on capital allocated to the business segments, see Business Segment Operations on page 8.
Bank of America 14 | ||||||||
Sales and Trading Revenue
For a description of sales and trading revenue, see Business Segment Operations in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The following table and related discussion present sales and trading revenue, substantially all
of which is in Global Markets, with the remainder in Global Banking. In addition, the following table and related discussion also present sales and trading revenue, excluding net DVA, which is a non-GAAP financial measure. For more information on net DVA, see Supplemental Financial Data on page 5.
Sales and Trading Revenue (1, 2, 3) | |||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31 | |||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||
Sales and trading revenue | |||||||||||
| Fixed-income, currencies and commodities | $ | 3,545 | $ | 3,479 | |||||||
| Equities | 2,842 | 2,186 | |||||||||
| Total sales and trading revenue | $ | 6,387 | $ | 5,665 | |||||||
Sales and trading revenue, excluding net DVA (4) | |||||||||||
| Fixed-income, currencies and commodities | $ | 3,496 | $ | 3,464 | |||||||
| Equities | 2,828 | 2,182 | |||||||||
| Total sales and trading revenue, excluding net DVA | $ | 6,324 | $ | 5,646 | |||||||
(1)For more information on sales and trading revenue, see Note 3 – Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
(2)Includes FTE adjustments of $174 million and $78 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.
(3)Includes Global Banking sales and trading revenue of $242 million and $(37) million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.
(4)Fixed-income, Currencies and Commodities (FICC) and Equities sales and trading revenue, excluding net DVA, is a non-GAAP financial measure. FICC net DVA gains were $49 million and $15 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. Equities net DVA gains were $14 million and $4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.
Including and excluding net DVA, FICC revenue increased $66 million and $32 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025 driven by improved trading performance in macro and credit products. Including and excluding net DVA, Equities revenue increased $656 million and $646 million driven by increased client activity and improved trading performance in derivatives.
All Other
| Three Months Ended March 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2026 | 2025 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income | $ | (39) | $ | (22) | 77 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Noninterest income (loss) | (684) | (672) | 2 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue, net of interest expense | (723) | (694) | 4 | |||||||||||||||||
| Provision for credit losses | (9) | (8) | 13 | |||||||||||||||||
| Noninterest expense | 163 | 290 | (44) | |||||||||||||||||
| Loss before income taxes | (877) | (976) | (10) | |||||||||||||||||
| Income tax benefit | (978) | (924) | 6 | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 101 | $ | (52) | n/m | |||||||||||||||
| Balance Sheet | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Average | 2026 | 2025 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||
| Total loans and leases | $ | 6,989 | $ | 8,016 | (13) | % | ||||||||||||||
Total assets (1) | 292,937 | 345,919 | (15) | |||||||||||||||||
| Total deposits | 92,207 | 110,389 | (16) | |||||||||||||||||
| Period end | March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||
| Total loans and leases | $ | 6,846 | $ | 6,795 | 1 | % | ||||||||||||||
Total assets (1) | 264,013 | 269,329 | (2) | |||||||||||||||||
| Total deposits | 91,608 | 90,785 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
(1)In segments where the total of liabilities and equity exceeds assets, which are generally deposit-taking segments, we allocate assets from All Other to those segments to match liabilities (i.e., deposits) and allocated shareholders’ equity. Average allocated assets were $1.0 trillion and $976.7 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, and period-end allocated assets were $1.0 trillion at both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
n/m = not meaningful
All Other primarily consists of ALM activities, liquidating businesses and certain expenses not otherwise allocated to a business segment, and adjustments to allocate income tax benefits from tax-related equity investments to noninterest income to present Global Banking and Global Markets on an FTE basis. ALM activities encompass interest rate and foreign currency risk management activities for which substantially all of the results are allocated to our business segments. For more information on our ALM activities, see Note 17 – Business Segment Information to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Results in All Other improved $153 million to net income of $101 million primarily due to lower noninterest expense.
Noninterest expense decreased $127 million to $163 million primarily due to lower expenses related to a liquidating business activity.
The income tax benefit increased $54 million to $978 million.
15 Bank of America | ||||||||
Managing Risk
Risk is inherent in all our business activities. The seven key types of risk faced by the Corporation are strategic, credit, market, liquidity, compliance, operational and reputational. Sound risk management enables us to serve our customers and deliver for our shareholders. If not managed well, risk can result in financial loss, regulatory sanctions and penalties, litigation and damage to our reputation, each of which may adversely impact our ability to execute our business strategies. We take a comprehensive approach to risk management with a defined Risk Framework and an articulated Risk Appetite Statement, which are approved annually by the Board’s Enterprise Risk Committee (ERC) and the Board.
Our Risk Framework serves as the foundation for the consistent and effective management of risks facing the Corporation. The Risk Framework sets forth roles and responsibilities for the management of risk and provides a blueprint for how the Board, through delegation of authority to committees and executive officers, establishes risk appetite and associated limits for our activities.
Our risk appetite provides a common framework that includes a set of measures to assist senior management and the Board in assessing the Corporation’s risk profile across all risk types against our risk appetite and risk capacity. Our risk appetite is formally articulated in the Risk Appetite Statement, which includes both qualitative statements and quantitative limits.
For more information on the Corporation’s risks, see Item 1A. Risk Factors of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K. These risks are being managed within our Risk Framework and supporting risk management programs. For more information on our Risk Framework, risk management activities and the key types of risk faced by the Corporation, see the Managing Risk section in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Capital Management
The Corporation manages its capital position so that its capital is more than adequate to support its business activities and aligns with risk, risk appetite and strategic planning. For more information, see Capital Management in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
CCAR and Capital Planning
The Federal Reserve requires BHCs with average total consolidated assets of $100 billion or more to submit a capital plan and planned capital actions on an annual basis, consistent with the rules governing the Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review (CCAR) capital plan and associated stress capital buffer (SCB) requirements, which include supervisory stress testing by the Federal Reserve. Based on the results of our 2025 CCAR stress test under the current regulatory framework, our SCB is 2.5 percent, resulting in a Common equity tier 1 (CET1) minimum requirement of 10.0 percent, effective October 1, 2025. At March 31, 2026, the Corporation’s CET1 ratio was 11.2 percent under the Standardized approach.
In February 2026, the Federal Reserve announced that SCB requirements for large banks, including the Corporation, will not change until 2027. As a result, the Corporation’s SCB will remain at 2.5 percent through September 30, 2027. In April 2026, we submitted our 2026 CCAR capital plan and related supervisory stress tests. The Federal Reserve has indicated that it will disclose CCAR capital plan supervisory stress test results by June 30, 2026.
The Board authorized a $40 billion common stock repurchase program, effective August 1, 2025. Pursuant to this Board authorization, during the three months ended March 31, 2026, the Corporation repurchased $7.2 billion of common stock. For more information, see Part II, Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds on page 96 and Capital Management – CCAR and Capital Planning in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The timing and amount of common stock repurchases are subject to various factors, including the Corporation’s capital position, liquidity, financial performance and alternative uses of capital, stock trading price, regulatory requirements and general market conditions, and may be suspended or discontinued at any time. Such repurchases may be effected through open market purchases or privately negotiated transactions, including repurchase plans that satisfy the conditions of Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act).
Further, as part of our planned capital actions, during the three months ended March 31, 2026, the Corporation paid common stock dividends of $2.0 billion.
Regulatory Capital
As a BHC, we are subject to regulatory capital rules, including Basel 3, issued by U.S. banking regulators. Basel 3 established minimum capital ratios and buffer requirements and outlined two methods of calculating risk-weighted assets (RWA), the Standardized approach and the Advanced approaches. The Standardized approach relies primarily on supervisory risk weights based on exposure type, and the Advanced approaches determine risk weights based on internal models.
The Corporation's depository institution subsidiaries are also subject to the Prompt Corrective Action (PCA) framework. The Corporation and its primary affiliated banking entity, BANA, are Advanced approaches institutions under Basel 3 and are required to report regulatory risk-based capital ratios and RWA under both the Standardized and Advanced approaches. The lower of the capital ratios under Standardized or Advanced approaches compared to their respective regulatory capital ratio requirements is used to assess capital adequacy, including under the PCA framework. As of March 31, 2026, the Corporation’s binding ratio was the Total capital ratio under the Standardized approach.
Minimum Capital Requirements
In order to avoid restrictions on capital distributions and discretionary bonus payments to executive officers, the Corporation must meet risk-based capital ratio requirements that include a capital conservation buffer of 2.5 percent (under the Advanced approaches only), an SCB (under the Standardized approach only), plus any applicable countercyclical capital buffer and a global systemically important bank (G-SIB) surcharge. The buffers and surcharge must be comprised solely of CET1 capital. At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Corporation’s minimum CET1 requirement was 10.0 percent under both the Standardized approach and the Advanced approaches.
The Corporation is required to calculate its G-SIB surcharge on an annual basis under two methods and is subject to the higher of the resulting two surcharges. Method 1 is consistent with the approach prescribed by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision’s assessment methodology and is calculated using specified indicators of systemic importance. Method 2 modifies the Method 1 approach for various factors. The Corporation’s Method 1 G-SIB surcharge is 1.5 percent, and
Bank of America 16 | ||||||||
its Method 2 G-SIB surcharge is 3.0 percent. Under the current regulatory framework, on January 1, 2027, the Corporation’s G-SIB surcharge will increase by 50 bps to 2.0 percent under Method 1 and to 3.5 percent under Method 2, which will increase the Corporation’s minimum capital ratio requirements.
The Corporation and its insured depository institution subsidiaries are also required to maintain a minimum supplementary leverage ratio (SLR) plus a leverage buffer to avoid certain restrictions on capital distributions and discretionary bonus payments to executive officers. Prior to January 1, 2026, the minimum SLR requirement was 5.0 percent for the Corporation and 6.0 percent for its insured depository institutions. Effective January 1, 2026, the Corporation and its insured depository institutions early adopted a final rule on modified enhanced SLR requirements, resulting in a minimum SLR requirement of 3.75 percent, which includes
the leverage buffer, for both the Corporation and its insured depository institutions. At March 31, 2026, the Corporation’s SLR was 5.5 percent and BANA’s SLR was 5.9 percent, which both exceeded their minimum SLR requirement of 3.75 percent. For more information, see Capital Management – Regulatory Developments in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Capital Composition and Ratios
Table 7 presents Bank of America Corporation’s capital ratios and related information in accordance with Basel 3 Standardized and Advanced approaches as measured at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. For the periods presented herein, the Corporation met the definition of well capitalized under current regulatory requirements.
| Table 7 | Bank of America Corporation Regulatory Capital under Basel 3 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Standardized Approach | Advanced Approaches | Regulatory Minimum (1) | ||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions, except as noted) | March 31, 2026 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Risk-based capital metrics: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Common equity tier 1 capital | $ | 199,695 | $ | 199,695 | ||||||||||||||||
| Tier 1 capital | 224,671 | 224,671 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total capital (2) | 258,316 | 247,594 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Risk-weighted assets (in billions) | 1,778 | 1,594 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Common equity tier 1 capital ratio | 11.2 | % | 12.5 | % | 10.0 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Tier 1 capital ratio | 12.6 | 14.1 | 11.5 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total capital ratio | 14.5 | 15.5 | 13.5 | |||||||||||||||||
| Leverage-based metrics: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted quarterly average assets (in billions) (3) | $ | 3,433 | $ | 3,433 | ||||||||||||||||
| Tier 1 leverage ratio | 6.5 | % | 6.5 | % | 4.0 | |||||||||||||||
| Supplementary leverage exposure (in billions) | $ | 4,087 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Supplementary leverage ratio | 5.5 | % | 3.75 | |||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk-based capital metrics: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Common equity tier 1 capital | $ | 201,410 | $ | 201,410 | ||||||||||||||||
| Tier 1 capital | 227,382 | 227,382 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total capital (2) | 261,232 | 250,347 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Risk-weighted assets (in billions) | 1,773 | 1,570 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Common equity tier 1 capital ratio | 11.4 | % | 12.8 | % | 10.0 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Tier 1 capital ratio | 12.8 | 14.5 | 11.5 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total capital ratio | 14.7 | 15.9 | 13.5 | |||||||||||||||||
| Leverage-based metrics: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted quarterly average assets (in billions) (3) | $ | 3,348 | $ | 3,348 | ||||||||||||||||
| Tier 1 leverage ratio | 6.8 | % | 6.8 | % | 4.0 | |||||||||||||||
| Supplementary leverage exposure (in billions) | $ | 3,986 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Supplementary leverage ratio | 5.7 | % | 5.0 | |||||||||||||||||
(1)The CET1 capital regulatory minimum is the sum of the CET1 capital ratio minimum of 4.5 percent, our G-SIB surcharge of 3.0 percent, and SCB (under the Standardized approach) of 2.5 percent at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. The countercyclical capital buffer was zero for both periods. The SLR regulatory minimum at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 includes a leverage buffer of 0.75 percent and 2.0 percent.
(2)Total capital under the Advanced approaches differs from the Standardized approach due to differences in the amount permitted in Tier 2 capital related to the qualifying allowance for credit losses.
(3)Reflects total average assets adjusted for certain Tier 1 capital deductions.
At March 31, 2026, CET1 capital was $199.7 billion, a decrease of $1.7 billion from December 31, 2025, primarily due to capital distributions and an increase in net unrealized losses on available-for-sale debt securities included in accumulated OCI, largely offset by earnings. Tier 1 capital decreased $2.7 billion driven by the same factors as CET1 capital and a preferred stock redemption. Total capital under the Standardized approach decreased $2.9 billion driven by the
same factors as Tier 1 capital, as well as a decrease in subordinated debt and in the adjusted allowance for credit losses included in Tier 2 capital. RWA under the Standardized approach, which drove the lower CET1 capital ratio at March 31, 2026, increased $5.2 billion during the first quarter of 2026 to $1,778 billion primarily driven by growth in Global Banking and Global Markets, partially offset by GWIM. Supplementary leverage exposure at March 31, 2026 increased $100.7 billion primarily driven by increased activity in Global Markets.
17 Bank of America | ||||||||
Table 8 shows the capital composition at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
| Table 8 | Capital Composition under Basel 3 | |||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | ||||||||||||
| Total common shareholders’ equity | $ | 275,672 | $ | 277,251 | ||||||||||
| Goodwill, net of related deferred tax liabilities | (68,651) | (68,651) | ||||||||||||
| Deferred tax assets arising from net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards | (8,739) | (8,761) | ||||||||||||
| Intangibles, other than mortgage servicing rights, net of related deferred tax liabilities | (1,371) | (1,386) | ||||||||||||
| Defined benefit pension plan net assets | (876) | (868) | ||||||||||||
| Cumulative unrealized net (gain) loss related to changes in fair value of financial liabilities attributable to own creditworthiness, net-of-tax | 1,090 | 1,825 | ||||||||||||
Accumulated net (gain) loss on certain cash flow hedges (1) | 2,657 | 2,020 | ||||||||||||
| Other | (87) | (20) | ||||||||||||
| Common equity tier 1 capital | 199,695 | 201,410 | ||||||||||||
| Qualifying preferred stock, net of issuance cost | 24,995 | 25,991 | ||||||||||||
| Other | (19) | (19) | ||||||||||||
| Tier 1 capital | 224,671 | 227,382 | ||||||||||||
| Tier 2 capital instruments | 19,518 | 19,627 | ||||||||||||
| Qualifying allowance for credit losses | 14,359 | 14,431 | ||||||||||||
| Other | (232) | (208) | ||||||||||||
| Total capital under the Standardized approach | 258,316 | 261,232 | ||||||||||||
| Adjustment in qualifying allowance for credit losses under the Advanced approaches | (10,722) | (10,885) | ||||||||||||
| Total capital under the Advanced approaches | $ | 247,594 | $ | 250,347 | ||||||||||
(1)Includes amounts in accumulated OCI related to the hedging of items that are not recognized at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Table 9 shows the components of RWA as measured under Basel 3 at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
| Table 9 | Risk-weighted Assets under Basel 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Standardized Approach | Advanced Approaches | Standardized Approach | Advanced Approaches | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in billions) | March 31, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit risk | $ | 1,694 | $ | 1,100 | $ | 1,694 | $ | 1,087 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Market risk | 84 | 84 | 79 | 79 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operational risk | n/a | 357 | n/a | 357 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risks related to credit valuation adjustments | n/a | 53 | n/a | 47 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total risk-weighted assets | $ | 1,778 | $ | 1,594 | $ | 1,773 | $ | 1,570 | ||||||||||||||||||
n/a = not applicable
Bank of America 18 | ||||||||
Bank of America, N.A. Regulatory Capital
Table 10 presents regulatory capital information for BANA in accordance with Basel 3 Standardized and Advanced approaches as measured at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. BANA met the definition of well capitalized under the PCA framework for both periods.
| Table 10 | Bank of America, N.A. Regulatory Capital under Basel 3 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Standardized Approach | Advanced Approaches | Regulatory Minimum (1) | ||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions, except as noted) | March 31, 2026 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Risk-based capital metrics: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Common equity tier 1 capital | $ | 186,870 | $ | 186,870 | ||||||||||||||||
| Tier 1 capital | 186,870 | 186,870 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total capital (2) | 202,601 | 192,149 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Risk-weighted assets (in billions) | 1,536 | 1,253 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Common equity tier 1 capital ratio | 12.2 | % | 14.9 | % | 7.0 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Tier 1 capital ratio | 12.2 | 14.9 | 8.5 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total capital ratio | 13.2 | 15.3 | 10.5 | |||||||||||||||||
| Leverage-based metrics: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted quarterly average assets (in billions) (3) | $ | 2,619 | $ | 2,619 | ||||||||||||||||
| Tier 1 leverage ratio | 7.1 | % | 7.1 | % | 5.0 | |||||||||||||||
| Supplementary leverage exposure (in billions) | $ | 3,148 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Supplementary leverage ratio | 5.9 | % | 3.75 | |||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk-based capital metrics: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Common equity tier 1 capital | $ | 190,831 | $ | 190,831 | ||||||||||||||||
| Tier 1 capital | 190,831 | 190,831 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total capital (2) | 206,640 | 196,006 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Risk-weighted assets (in billions) | 1,530 | 1,227 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Common equity tier 1 capital ratio | 12.5 | % | 15.6 | % | 7.0 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Tier 1 capital ratio | 12.5 | 15.6 | 8.5 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total capital ratio | 13.5 | 16.0 | 10.5 | |||||||||||||||||
| Leverage-based metrics: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted quarterly average assets (in billions) (3) | $ | 2,592 | $ | 2,592 | ||||||||||||||||
| Tier 1 leverage ratio | 7.4 | % | 7.4 | % | 5.0 | |||||||||||||||
| Supplementary leverage exposure (in billions) | $ | 3,101 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Supplementary leverage ratio | 6.2 | % | 6.0 | |||||||||||||||||
(1)Risk-based capital regulatory minimums at both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 are the minimum ratios under Basel 3 including a capital conservation buffer of 2.5 percent. The regulatory minimums for the Tier 1 leverage ratios as of both period ends, and the SLR as of December 31, 2025, are the percent required to be considered well capitalized under the PCA framework.
(2)Total capital under the Advanced approaches differs from the Standardized approach due to differences in the amount permitted in Tier 2 capital related to the qualifying allowance for credit losses.
(3)Reflects total average assets adjusted for certain Tier 1 capital deductions.
Total Loss-Absorbing Capacity Requirements
Total loss-absorbing capacity (TLAC) consists of the Corporation’s Tier 1 capital and eligible long-term debt issued directly by the Corporation. Eligible long-term debt for TLAC ratios is comprised of unsecured debt that has a remaining maturity of at least one year and satisfies additional requirements as prescribed in the TLAC final rule. As with the
risk-based capital ratios and SLR, the Corporation is required to maintain TLAC ratios in excess of minimum requirements plus applicable buffers to avoid restrictions on capital distributions and discretionary bonus payments to executive officers. Table 11 presents the Corporation's TLAC and long-term debt ratios and related information as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
19 Bank of America | ||||||||
| Table 11 | Bank of America Corporation Total Loss-Absorbing Capacity and Long-Term Debt | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
TLAC | Regulatory Minimum (1) | Long-term Debt | Regulatory Minimum (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31, 2026 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total eligible balance | $ | 463,591 | $ | 224,921 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Percentage of risk-weighted assets (3) | 26.1 | % | 22.0 | % | 12.6 | % | 9.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage of supplementary leverage exposure | 11.3 | 8.25 | 5.5 | 3.25 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total eligible balance | $ | 466,728 | $ | 225,518 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Percentage of risk-weighted assets (3) | 26.3 | % | 22.0 | % | 12.7 | % | 9.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage of supplementary leverage exposure | 11.7 | 9.5 | 5.7 | 4.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)The TLAC RWA regulatory minimum consists of 18.0 percent plus a TLAC RWA buffer comprised of 2.5 percent plus the Method 1 G-SIB surcharge of 1.5 percent. The countercyclical buffer is zero for both periods. The TLAC supplementary leverage exposure regulatory minimum consists of 7.5 percent plus a 0.75 percent TLAC leverage buffer. The TLAC RWA and leverage buffers must be comprised solely of CET1 capital and Tier 1 capital, respectively.
(2)The long-term debt RWA regulatory minimum is comprised of 6.0 percent plus the Corporation’s Method 2 G-SIB surcharge of 3.0 percent. The long-term debt leverage exposure regulatory minimum is 3.25 percent, consisting of 2.5 percent plus a 0.75 percent long-term debt leverage buffer.
(3)The approach that yields the higher RWA is used to calculate TLAC and long-term debt ratios, which was the Standardized approach as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
Regulatory Developments
The following supplements the disclosure in Capital Management – Regulatory Developments in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
On March 19, 2026, the Federal Reserve, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation issued a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPR) regarding risk-based capital requirements for large banking organizations. Separately, the Federal Reserve issued an NPR that would revise the calculation of the G-SIB surcharge. Any final rules issued are subject to change from the current proposals. The Corporation is evaluating the potential impact of the proposed rules on its regulatory capital requirements.
Regulatory Capital and Securities Regulation
The Corporation’s principal U.S. broker-dealer subsidiaries are BofA Securities, Inc. (BofAS) and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated (MLPF&S). The Corporation's principal European subsidiaries undertaking broker-dealer activities are Merrill Lynch International (MLI) and BofA Securities Europe SA (BofASE).
The U.S. broker-dealer subsidiaries are subject to the net capital requirements of Rule 15c3-1 under the Exchange Act. BofAS computes its capital requirements as an alternative net capital broker-dealer under Rule 15c3-1(a)(7) and Rule 15c3-1e, which permit the use of SEC-approved models, and MLPF&S computes its capital requirements in accordance with the alternative standard under Rule 15c3-1. BofAS is registered as a futures commission merchant and is subject to Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) Regulation 1.17. The U.S. broker-dealer subsidiaries are also registered with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (FINRA). Pursuant to FINRA Rule 4110, FINRA may impose higher net capital requirements than Rule 15c3-1 under the Exchange Act with respect to each of the broker-dealers.
BofAS provides institutional services, and in accordance with the SEC alternative net capital requirements, is required to regularly maintain tentative net capital in excess of $5.0 billion and net capital in excess of the greater of $1.0 billion or a certain percentage of its reserve requirement in addition to a certain percentage of securities-based swap risk margin. BofAS must also notify the SEC in the event its tentative net capital is less than $6.0 billion. In accordance with CFTC net capital requirements, BofAS is required to hold a certain percentage of its customers' and affiliates' risk-based margin if greater than the SEC’s minimum net capital requirement. At March 31, 2026, BofAS had tentative net capital of $24.9 billion. BofAS
also had regulatory net capital of $20.4 billion, which exceeded the minimum requirement of $4.8 billion.
MLPF&S provides retail services and is required to maintain net capital that is the greater of $250,000 or two percent of a certain component of its reserve calculation. At March 31, 2026, MLPF&S' regulatory net capital was $11.3 billion, which exceeded the minimum requirement of 190 million.
Our European broker-dealers are subject to requirements from U.S. and non-U.S. regulators. MLI, a U.K. investment firm, is regulated by the Prudential Regulation Authority and the Financial Conduct Authority and is subject to certain regulatory capital requirements. At March 31, 2026, MLI’s capital resources were $34.1 billion, which exceeded the minimum Pillar 1 requirement of $13.3 billion.
BofASE, an authorized credit institution with its head office located in France, is regulated by the Autorité de Contrôle Prudentiel et de Résolution and the Autorité des Marchés Financiers, and supervised under the Single Supervisory Mechanism by the European Central Bank. At March 31, 2026, BofASE's capital resources were $11.7 billion, which exceeded the minimum Pillar 1 requirement of $4.1 billion.
In addition, MLI and BofASE remained conditionally registered with the SEC as security-based swap dealers, and maintained net liquid assets at March 31, 2026 that exceeded the applicable minimum requirements under the Exchange Act. The entities are also registered as swap dealers with the CFTC and met applicable capital requirements at March 31, 2026.
Liquidity Risk
Funding and Liquidity Risk Management
Our primary liquidity risk management objective is to meet expected or unexpected cash flow and collateral requirements, including payments under long-term debt agreements, commitments to extend credit and customer deposit withdrawals, while continuing to support our businesses and customers under a range of economic conditions. To achieve that objective, we analyze and monitor our liquidity risk under expected and stressed conditions, maintain liquidity and access to diverse funding sources, including our stable deposit base, and seek to align liquidity-related incentives and risks. These liquidity risk management practices have helped enable us to effectively navigate market volatility arising from the interest rate environment, inflationary pressures and broader macroeconomic changes.
We define liquidity as readily available assets, limited to cash and high-quality, liquid, unencumbered securities that we can use to meet our contractual and contingent financial
Bank of America 20 | ||||||||
obligations as they arise. We manage our liquidity position through line of business and ALM activities, as well as through our legal entity funding strategy, on both a forward and current (including intraday) basis under both expected and stressed conditions. We believe that a centralized approach to funding and liquidity management enhances our ability to monitor liquidity requirements, maximizes access to funding sources, minimizes borrowing costs and facilitates timely responses to liquidity events.
We provide centralized funding and liquidity management through a variety of activities, including monitoring of established limits, assessing exposures under both normal and stressed conditions and reviewing liquidity risk management processes and controls. Global Risk Management (GRM) provides oversight of liquidity management across the Corporation, including front line units and legal entities. GRM oversees the liquidity risk management governance structure, establishes liquidity risk policies, and provides independent review and challenge of the Corporation's liquidity risk management processes.
For more information on the Corporation’s liquidity risks, see the Liquidity section within Item 1A. Risk Factors of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K. For more information regarding global funding and liquidity risk management, as well as liquidity sources, liquidity arrangements, contingency planning and credit ratings discussed below, see Liquidity Risk in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
NB Holdings Corporation
Bank of America Corporation, as the parent company (the Parent), which is a separate and distinct legal entity from our bank and nonbank subsidiaries, has an intercompany arrangement with our wholly-owned holding company subsidiary, NB Holdings Corporation (NB Holdings). We have transferred, and agreed to transfer, additional Parent assets not required to satisfy anticipated near-term expenditures to NB Holdings. The Parent is expected to continue to have access to the same flow of dividends, interest and other amounts of cash necessary to service its debt, pay dividends and perform other obligations as it would have had it not entered into these arrangements and transferred any assets. These arrangements support our preferred single point of entry resolution strategy, under which only the Parent would be resolved under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code.
Global Liquidity Sources and Other Unencumbered Assets
We maintain liquidity available to the Corporation, including the Parent and selected subsidiaries, in the form of cash and high- quality, liquid, unencumbered securities. Our liquidity buffer, referred to as Global Liquidity Sources (GLS), is comprised of assets that are readily available to the Parent and selected subsidiaries, including holding company, bank and broker-dealer subsidiaries, even during stressed market conditions. Our cash is primarily on deposit with the Federal Reserve Bank and, to a lesser extent, central banks outside of the U.S. We limit the composition of high-quality, liquid, unencumbered securities to U.S. government securities, U.S. agency securities, U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities and other investment-grade securities, and a select group of non-U.S. government securities. We can obtain cash for these securities, even in stressed conditions, through repurchase agreements or outright sales. We hold our GLS in legal entities that allow us to meet the liquidity requirements of our global businesses, and we consider the impact of potential regulatory, tax, legal and other
restrictions that could limit the transferability of funds among entities.
Table 12 presents average GLS for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
| Table 12 | Average Global Liquidity Sources | |||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended | ||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in billions) | March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | ||||||||||||
| Bank entities | $ | 778 | $ | 789 | ||||||||||
Nonbank and other entities (1) | 182 | 186 | ||||||||||||
Total Average Global Liquidity Sources | $ | 960 | $ | 975 | ||||||||||
(1) Nonbank includes Parent, NB Holdings and other regulated entities.
Our bank subsidiaries’ liquidity is primarily driven by deposit and lending activity, as well as securities valuation and net debt activity. Bank subsidiaries can also generate incremental liquidity by pledging a range of unencumbered loans and securities to certain Federal Home Loan Banks (FHLBs) and the Federal Reserve Discount Window. The cash we could have obtained by borrowing against this pool of specifically-identified eligible assets was $342 billion and $343 billion at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. We have established operational procedures to enable us to borrow against these assets, including regularly monitoring our total pool of eligible loans and securities collateral. Eligibility is defined in guidelines from the FHLBs and the Federal Reserve and is subject to change at their discretion. Due to regulatory restrictions, liquidity generated by the bank subsidiaries can generally be used only to fund obligations within the bank subsidiaries, and transfers to the Parent or nonbank subsidiaries may be subject to prior regulatory approval.
Liquidity is also held in nonbank entities, including the Parent, NB Holdings and other regulated entities. The Parent and NB Holdings liquidity is typically in the form of cash deposited at BANA, which is excluded from the liquidity at bank subsidiaries, and high-quality, liquid, unencumbered securities. Liquidity held in other regulated entities, comprised primarily of broker-dealer subsidiaries, is primarily available to meet the obligations of that entity, and transfers to the Parent or to any other subsidiary may be subject to prior regulatory approval due to regulatory restrictions and minimum requirements. Our other regulated entities also hold unencumbered investment-grade securities and equities that we believe could be used to generate additional liquidity.
Table 13 presents the composition of average GLS for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
| Table 13 | Average Global Liquidity Sources Composition | |||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended | ||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in billions) | March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | ||||||||||||
| Cash on deposit | $ | 241 | $ | 227 | ||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury securities | 341 | 371 | ||||||||||||
U.S. agency securities, mortgage-backed securities, and other investment-grade securities | 334 | 336 | ||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. government securities | 44 | 41 | ||||||||||||
| Total Average Global Liquidity Sources | $ | 960 | $ | 975 | ||||||||||
Our GLS are substantially the same in composition to what qualifies as High Quality Liquid Assets (HQLA) under the final U.S. Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) rules. However, HQLA for purposes of calculating LCR is not reported at market value, but
21 Bank of America | ||||||||
at a lower value that incorporates regulatory deductions and the exclusion of excess liquidity held at certain subsidiaries. The LCR is calculated as the amount of a financial institution’s unencumbered HQLA relative to the estimated net cash outflows the institution could encounter over a 30-day period of significant liquidity stress, expressed as a percentage. Our average consolidated HQLA, on a net basis, was $673 billion and $667 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. For both periods, the average consolidated LCR was 112 percent. Our LCR may fluctuate due to normal business flows from customer activity.
Liquidity Stress Analysis
We utilize liquidity stress analysis to assist us in determining the appropriate amounts of liquidity to maintain at the Parent and our subsidiaries to meet contractual and contingent cash outflows under a range of scenarios. For more information on liquidity stress analysis, see Liquidity Risk – Liquidity Stress Analysis in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Net Stable Funding Ratio
The Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR) is a liquidity requirement for large banks to maintain a minimum level of stable funding over a one-year period. The requirement is intended to support the ability of banks to lend to households and businesses in both normal and adverse economic conditions and is complementary to the LCR, which focuses on short-term liquidity risks. The U.S. NSFR applies to the Corporation on a consolidated basis and to our insured depository institutions. At March 31, 2026, the Corporation and its insured depository institutions were in compliance with the U.S. NSFR. For more information, see the Pillar 3 U.S. NSFR Disclosure report for the quarters ended December 31, 2025 and September 30, 2025 on the Corporation’s website, the contents of which are not incorporated by reference into this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Diversified Funding Sources
We fund our assets primarily with a mix of deposits, and secured and unsecured liabilities through a centralized, globally coordinated funding approach diversified across products, programs, markets, currencies and investor groups. We fund a substantial portion of our lending activities through our
deposits, which were $2.04 trillion and $2.02 trillion at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. Our trading activities in other regulated entities are primarily funded on a secured basis through securities lending and repurchase agreements, and these amounts will vary based on customer activity and market conditions.
Deposits
Our deposit base is well-diversified by clients, geography and product type across our business segments. At March 31, 2026, 48 percent of our deposits were in Consumer Banking, 14 percent in GWIM and 32 percent in Global Banking. We consider a substantial portion of our deposit base to be a stable, low-cost and consistent source of liquidity. At March 31, 2026, approximately 70 percent of consumer and small business deposits and 83 percent of U.S. deposits in Global Banking were held by clients who have had accounts with us for 10 or more years. In addition, at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, 27 percent and 26 percent of our deposits were noninterest bearing and were primarily operating accounts of our consumer and commercial clients. Deposits at March 31, 2026 increased $18.9 billion from December 31, 2025 primarily due to deposit growth in Consumer Banking and Global Banking.
During the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, rates paid on deposits were 51 bps and 61 bps in Consumer Banking, 204 bps and 250 bps in GWIM, and 221 bps and 273 bps in Global Banking. For information on rates paid on consolidated deposit balances, see Table 6 on page 7.
Long-term Debt
During the three months ended March 31, 2026, we issued $33.1 billion of long-term debt consisting of $9.7 billion of notes issued by Bank of America Corporation, substantially all of which were TLAC compliant, $10.3 billion of notes issued by Bank of America, N.A. and $13.1 billion of other debt.
During the three months ended March 31, 2026, we had total long-term debt maturities and redemptions in the aggregate of $24.4 billion consisting of $11.8 billion for Bank of America Corporation, $5.5 billion for Bank of America, N.A. and $7.1 billion of other debt. Table 14 presents the carrying value of aggregate annual contractual maturities of long-term debt at March 31, 2026.
Bank of America 22 | ||||||||
| Table 14 | Long-term Debt by Maturity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | Remainder of 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 | Thereafter | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bank of America Corporation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Senior notes (1) | $ | 2,902 | $ | 16,317 | $ | 30,250 | $ | 26,711 | $ | 8,415 | $ | 100,740 | $ | 185,335 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Senior structured notes | 1,483 | 1,483 | 582 | 1,413 | 1,072 | 14,650 | 20,683 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subordinated notes | 2,893 | 2,021 | 876 | — | — | 17,603 | 23,393 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Junior subordinated notes | — | 177 | — | — | — | 557 | 734 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Bank of America Corporation | 7,278 | 19,998 | 31,708 | 28,124 | 9,487 | 133,550 | 230,145 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bank of America, N.A. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Senior notes | 10,973 | 10,126 | 684 | — | — | — | 21,783 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinated notes | — | — | — | — | — | 1,403 | 1,403 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Advances from Federal Home Loan Banks | 1,873 | 3,406 | 7 | 2 | 5 | 29 | 5,322 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Securitizations and other bank VIEs (2) | 2,500 | 1,384 | 1,600 | 473 | 88 | 90 | 6,135 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 93 | 271 | 80 | 225 | 14 | 32 | 715 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Bank of America, N.A. | 15,439 | 15,187 | 2,371 | 700 | 107 | 1,554 | 35,358 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other debt | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Structured liabilities | 7,883 | 10,876 | 6,604 | 4,418 | 5,408 | 25,086 | 60,275 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nonbank VIEs (2) | — | — | 6 | — | 3 | 177 | 186 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other debt | 7,883 | 10,876 | 6,610 | 4,418 | 5,411 | 25,263 | 60,461 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 30,600 | $ | 46,061 | $ | 40,689 | $ | 33,242 | $ | 15,005 | $ | 160,367 | $ | 325,964 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Total includes $175.7 billion of outstanding senior notes that are both TLAC eligible and callable one year before their stated maturities, including $16.4 billion during the remainder of 2026, and $27.3 billion, $27.8 billion, $8.4 billion and $21.5 billion during each year of 2027 through 2030, respectively, and $74.3 billion thereafter. For more information on our TLAC eligible and callable outstanding notes, see Liquidity Risk – Diversified Funding Sources in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
(2)Represents liabilities of consolidated variable interest entities (VIEs) included in long-term debt on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Total long-term debt increased $8.1 billion to $326.0 billion during the three months ended March 31, 2026 primarily due to debt issuances, partially offset by maturities and valuation adjustments. We may, from time to time, repurchase outstanding debt instruments in various transactions, depending on market conditions, liquidity and other factors. Our other regulated entities may also make markets in our debt instruments to provide liquidity for investors.
During the three months ended March 31, 2026, we issued $15.8 billion of structured notes, which are debt obligations that pay investors returns linked to other debt or equity securities, indices, currencies or commodities. These structured notes are typically issued to meet client demand, and notes with certain attributes may also be TLAC eligible. We typically use derivatives and/or investments to economically hedge the variable returns due on the structured notes so that the net cost, which is recognized in market making and similar activities, is similar to unsecured long-term debt. We could be required to settle certain structured note obligations for cash or other securities prior to maturity under certain circumstances, which we consider for liquidity planning purposes. We believe, however, that a portion of such borrowings will remain outstanding beyond the earliest put or redemption date.
Substantially all of our senior and subordinated debt obligations contain no provisions that could trigger a requirement for an early repayment, require additional collateral support, result in changes to terms, accelerate maturity or create additional financial obligations upon an adverse change in our credit ratings, financial ratios, earnings, cash flows or stock price. For more information on long-term debt funding,
including issuances and maturities and redemptions, see Note 11 – Long-term Debt to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
We use derivative transactions to manage the duration, interest rate and currency risks of our borrowings, considering the characteristics of the assets they are funding. For more information on our ALM activities, see Interest Rate Risk Management for the Banking Book on page 40.
Credit Ratings
Credit ratings and outlooks are opinions expressed by rating agencies on our creditworthiness and that of our obligations or securities, including long-term debt, short-term borrowings, preferred stock and other securities, including asset securitizations. Table 15 presents the Corporation’s current long-term/short-term senior debt ratings and outlooks expressed by the rating agencies.
The ratings and outlooks from Moody's Investors Service, Standard & Poor’s Global Ratings and Fitch Ratings for the Corporation and its subsidiaries have not changed from those disclosed in the Corporation's 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
For more information on additional collateral and termination payments that could be required in connection with certain over-the-counter derivative contracts and other trading agreements in the event of a credit rating downgrade, see Note 3 – Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements herein and Item 1A. Risk Factors of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
23 Bank of America | ||||||||
| Table 15 | Senior Debt Ratings | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Moody’s Investors Service | Standard & Poor’s Global Ratings | Fitch Ratings | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term | Short-term | Outlook | Long-term | Short-term | Outlook | Long-term | Short-term | Outlook | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bank of America Corporation | A1 | P-1 | Stable | A- | A-2 | Stable | AA- | F1+ | Stable | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bank of America, N.A. | Aa2 | P-1 | Stable | A+ | A-1 | Stable | AA | F1+ | Stable | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bank of America Europe Designated Activity Company | NR | NR | NR | A+ | A-1 | Stable | AA | F1+ | Stable | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated | NR | NR | NR | A+ | A-1 | Stable | AA | F1+ | Stable | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BofA Securities, Inc. | NR | NR | NR | A+ | A-1 | Stable | AA | F1+ | Stable | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Merrill Lynch International | NR | NR | NR | A+ | A-1 | Stable | AA | F1+ | Stable | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BofA Securities Europe SA | NR | NR | NR | A+ | A-1 | Stable | AA | F1+ | Stable | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finance Subsidiary Issuers and Parent Guarantor
BofA Finance LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (BofA Finance), is a consolidated finance subsidiary of the Corporation that has issued and sold, and is expected to continue to issue and sell, its senior unsecured debt securities (Guaranteed Notes) that are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Corporation. The Corporation guarantees the due and punctual payment, on demand, of amounts payable on the Guaranteed Notes if not paid by BofA Finance. In addition, each of BAC Capital Trust XIII, BAC Capital Trust XIV and BAC Capital Trust XV, Delaware statutory trusts (collectively, the Trusts) is a 100 percent owned finance subsidiary of the Corporation that has issued and sold trust preferred securities (the Trust Preferred Securities) or capital securities (the Capital Securities and, together with the Guaranteed Notes and the Trust Preferred Securities, the Guaranteed Securities), as applicable, that remained outstanding at March 31, 2026. The Corporation has fully and unconditionally guaranteed (or effectively provided for the full and unconditional guarantee of) all such securities issued by such finance subsidiaries. For more information regarding such guarantees by the Corporation, see Liquidity Risk – Finance Subsidiary Issuers and Parent Guarantor in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Representations and Warranties Obligations
For information on representations and warranties obligations in connection with the sale of mortgage loans, see Note 12 – Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Credit Risk Management
For information on our credit risk management activities, see the following: Consumer Portfolio Credit Risk Management on page 24, Commercial Portfolio Credit Risk Management on page 29, Non-U.S. Portfolio on page 35, Allowance for Credit Losses on page 36, Note 5 – Outstanding Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses to the Consolidated Financial Statements, and Credit Risk Management in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K. For more information on the Corporation’s credit risks, see the Credit section within Item 1A. Risk Factors of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K. For more information on the Corporation’s economic and geopolitical risks, see the Geopolitical section within Item 1A. Risk Factors of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
During the three months ended March 31, 2026, our net charge-off ratio decreased compared to the same period in
2025 primarily driven by lower credit card and commercial real estate office charge-offs. Commercial reservable criticized exposure decreased $409 million compared to December 31, 2025 driven by the commercial real estate portfolio, and nonperforming loans remained relatively unchanged at $5.8 billion. Uncertainties surrounding geopolitical tensions, particularly related to the ongoing conflicts in the Middle East, and persistent inflationary pressures continue to weigh on the broader economic outlook. These factors have been assessed for any impacts to the portfolio and may contribute to future deterioration in credit quality metrics as they evolve.
Consumer Portfolio Credit Risk Management
Credit risk management for the consumer portfolio begins with initial underwriting and continues throughout a borrower’s credit cycle. Statistical techniques in conjunction with experiential judgment are used in all aspects of portfolio management including underwriting, product pricing, risk appetite, setting credit limits, and establishing operating processes and metrics to quantify and balance risks and returns. Statistical models are built using detailed behavioral information from external sources, such as credit bureaus, and/or internal historical experience and are a component of our consumer credit risk management process. These models are used in part to assist in making both new and ongoing credit decisions as well as portfolio management strategies, including authorizations and line management, collection practices and strategies, and determination of the allowance for loan and lease losses and allocated capital for credit risk.
Consumer Credit Portfolio
During the three months ended March 31, 2026, the U.S. unemployment rate and home prices remained relatively stable. During the three months ended March 31, 2026, net charge-offs decreased $60 million to $1.1 billion compared to the same period in 2025, primarily driven by improvement in the credit card portfolio.
The consumer allowance for loan and lease losses decreased $109 million to $8.3 billion from December 31, 2025. For more information, see Allowance for Credit Losses on page 36.
For more information on our accounting policies regarding delinquencies, nonperforming status, charge-offs and loan modifications for the consumer portfolio, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K and Note 5 – Outstanding Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Bank of America 24 | ||||||||
Table 16 presents our outstanding consumer loans and leases, consumer nonperforming loans and accruing consumer loans past due 90 days or more.
| Table 16 | Consumer Credit Quality | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstandings | Nonperforming | Accruing Past Due 90 Days or More | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Residential mortgage (1) | $ | 236,176 | $ | 236,302 | $ | 2,103 | $ | 2,008 | $ | 240 | $ | 207 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Home equity | 26,762 | 26,823 | 391 | 392 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit card | 102,833 | 106,027 | n/a | n/a | 1,341 | 1,351 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Direct/Indirect consumer (2) | 113,954 | 114,130 | 186 | 176 | 1 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other consumer | 153 | 144 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Consumer loans excluding loans accounted for under the fair value option | $ | 479,878 | $ | 483,426 | $ | 2,680 | $ | 2,576 | $ | 1,582 | $ | 1,563 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans accounted for under the fair value option (3) | 158 | 165 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total consumer loans and leases | $ | 480,036 | $ | 483,591 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Percentage of outstanding consumer loans and leases (4) | n/a | n/a | 0.56 | % | 0.53 | % | 0.33 | % | 0.32 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Percentage of outstanding consumer loans and leases, excluding fully-insured loan portfolios (4) | n/a | n/a | 0.57 | 0.54 | 0.28 | 0.29 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Residential mortgage loans accruing past due 90 days or more are fully-insured loans. At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, residential mortgage included $115 million and $104 million of loans on which interest had been curtailed by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), and therefore were no longer accruing interest, although principal was still insured, and $125 million and $103 million of loans on which interest was still accruing.
(2)Outstandings primarily includes auto and specialty lending loans and leases of $53.9 billion and $55.3 billion, U.S. securities-based lending loans of $56.2 billion and $55.0 billion at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, and non-U.S. consumer loans of $3.1 billion and $3.0 billion at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
(3)For more information on the fair value option, see Note 15 – Fair Value Option to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
(4)Excludes consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option. At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, loans accounted for under the fair value option that were past due 90 days or more and not accruing interest were insignificant.
n/a = not applicable
Table 17 presents net charge-offs and related ratios for consumer loans and leases.
| Table 17 | Consumer Net Charge-offs and Related Ratios | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net Charge-offs (1) | Net Charge-off Ratios (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential mortgage | $ | 5 | $ | — | 0.01 | % | — | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Home equity | (7) | (12) | (0.09) | (0.19) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit card | 924 | 1,001 | 3.64 | 4.05 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Direct/Indirect consumer | 74 | 70 | 0.26 | 0.27 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other consumer | 63 | 60 | n/m | n/m | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,059 | $ | 1,119 | 0.89 | 0.98 | ||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Negative numbers represent net recoveries. Net charge-off ratios are calculated as annualized net charge-offs divided by average outstanding loans and leases, excluding loans accounted for under the fair value option.
n/m = not meaningful
We believe that the presentation of information adjusted to exclude the impact of the fully-insured loan portfolio and loans accounted for under the fair value option is more representative of the ongoing operations and credit quality of the business. As a result, in the following tables and discussions of the residential mortgage and home equity portfolios, we exclude loans accounted for under the fair value option and provide information that excludes the impact of the fully-insured loan portfolio in certain credit quality statistics.
Residential Mortgage
The residential mortgage portfolio made up the largest percentage of our consumer loan portfolio at 49 percent of consumer loans and leases at March 31, 2026. Approximately 49 percent of the residential mortgage portfolio was in Consumer Banking, 47 percent was in GWIM and the remaining portion was in Global Markets and All Other.
Outstanding balances in the residential mortgage portfolio were relatively unchanged during the three months ended March 31, 2026.
At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the residential mortgage portfolio included $8.9 billion and $9.1 billion of outstanding fully-insured loans, of which $1.8 billion and $1.9 billion had FHA insurance, with the remainder protected by Fannie Mae long-term standby agreements.
Table 18 presents certain residential mortgage key credit statistics on both a reported basis and excluding the fully-insured loan portfolio. The following discussion presents the residential mortgage portfolio excluding the fully-insured loan portfolio.
25 Bank of America | ||||||||
| Table 18 | Residential Mortgage – Key Credit Statistics | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reported Basis (1) | Excluding Fully-insured Loans (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstandings | $ | 236,176 | $ | 236,302 | $ | 227,292 | $ | 227,227 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accruing past due 30 days or more | 1,596 | 1,609 | 1,138 | 1,159 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accruing past due 90 days or more | 240 | 207 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nonperforming loans (2) | 2,103 | 2,008 | 2,103 | 2,008 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Percent of portfolio | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Refreshed LTV greater than 90 but less than or equal to 100 | 1 | % | 1 | % | 1 | % | 1 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Refreshed LTV greater than 100 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Refreshed FICO below 620 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Outstandings, accruing past due, nonperforming loans and percentages of portfolio exclude loans accounted for under the fair value option.
(2)Includes loans that are contractually current that have not yet demonstrated a sustained period of payment performance following a modification.
Nonperforming outstanding balances in the residential mortgage portfolio increased $95 million to $2.1 billion during the three months ended March 31, 2026 driven by extended relief provided to borrowers for their residential rebuilding efforts after the 2025 California wildfires. Of the nonperforming residential mortgage loans at March 31, 2026, $1.2 billion, or 58 percent, were current on contractual payments. Excluding fully-insured loans, loans accruing past due 30 days or more decreased $21 million to $1.1 billion during the three months ended March 31, 2026.
Of the $227.3 billion in total residential mortgage loans outstanding at March 31, 2026, $65.9 billion, or 29 percent, of loans were originated as interest-only. The outstanding balance of interest-only residential mortgage loans that had entered the amortization period was $3.7 billion, or six percent, at March 31, 2026. Residential mortgage loans that have entered the amortization period generally experience a higher rate of early stage delinquencies and nonperforming status compared to the residential mortgage portfolio as a whole. At March 31, 2026, $51 million, or one percent, of outstanding interest-only residential mortgages that had entered the amortization period were accruing past due 30 days or more compared to $1.1
billion, or less than one percent, for the entire residential mortgage portfolio. In addition, at March 31, 2026, $153 million, or four percent, of outstanding interest-only residential mortgage loans that had entered the amortization period were nonperforming, of which $50 million were contractually current. Loans that have yet to enter the amortization period in our interest-only residential mortgage portfolio are primarily well-collateralized loans to our wealth management clients and have an interest-only period of three years to 10 years. Substantially all of these loans that have yet to enter the amortization period will not be required to make a fully-amortizing payment until 2028 or later.
Table 19 presents outstandings, nonperforming loans and net charge-offs by certain state concentrations for the residential mortgage portfolio. In the New York area, the New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) made up 15 percent of outstandings at both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. The Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana MSA within California represented 14 percent of outstandings at both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
| Table 19 | Residential Mortgage State Concentrations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Outstandings (1) | Nonperforming (1) | Net Charge-offs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | Three Months Ended March 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| California | $ | 83,125 | $ | 82,719 | $ | 709 | $ | 601 | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| New York | 25,873 | 25,927 | 269 | 277 | 1 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Florida | 16,724 | 16,696 | 139 | 139 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Massachusetts | 9,568 | 9,674 | 45 | 51 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| New Jersey | 9,415 | 9,474 | 86 | 83 | 1 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 82,587 | 82,737 | 855 | 857 | 3 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential mortgage loans | $ | 227,292 | $ | 227,227 | $ | 2,103 | $ | 2,008 | $ | 5 | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fully-insured loan portfolio | 8,884 | 9,075 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total residential mortgage loan portfolio | $ | 236,176 | $ | 236,302 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Outstandings and nonperforming loans exclude loans accounted for under the fair value option.
Home Equity
At March 31, 2026, the home equity portfolio made up six percent of the consumer portfolio and was comprised of home equity lines of credit (HELOCs), home equity loans and reverse mortgages. HELOCs generally have an initial draw period of 10 years, and after the initial draw period ends, the loans generally convert to 15- or 20-year amortizing loans. We no longer originate home equity loans or reverse mortgages.
At March 31, 2026, 85 percent of the home equity portfolio was in Consumer Banking, 11 percent was in GWIM and the remainder of the portfolio was in All Other. Outstanding balances in the home equity portfolio were relatively unchanged during the
three months ended March 31, 2026. Of the total home equity portfolio at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, $8.8 billion and $8.9 billion, or 33 percent as of the end of both periods, were in first-lien positions. At March 31, 2026, outstanding balances in the home equity portfolio that were in a second-lien or more junior-lien position and where we also held the first-lien loan totaled $4.7 billion, or 18 percent, of our total home equity portfolio.
Unused HELOCs totaled $43.0 billion and $43.1 billion at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. The HELOC utilization rate was 38 percent at both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
Bank of America 26 | ||||||||
Table 20 presents certain home equity portfolio key credit statistics.
| Table 20 | Home Equity – Key Credit Statistics (1) | ||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | |||||||||||||||
| Outstandings | $ | 26,762 | $ | 26,823 | |||||||||||||
| Accruing past due 30 days or more | 78 | 87 | |||||||||||||||
Nonperforming loans (2) | 391 | 392 | |||||||||||||||
| Percent of portfolio | |||||||||||||||||
| Refreshed CLTV greater than 90 but less than or equal to 100 | — | % | — | % | |||||||||||||
| Refreshed CLTV greater than 100 | — | — | |||||||||||||||
| Refreshed FICO below 620 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||||
(1)Outstandings, accruing past due, nonperforming loans and percentages of the portfolio exclude loans accounted for under the fair value option.
(2)Includes loans that are contractually current that have not yet demonstrated a sustained period of payment performance following a modification.
Nonperforming outstanding balances in the home equity portfolio were relatively unchanged during the three months ended March 31, 2026. Of the nonperforming home equity loans at March 31, 2026, $237 million, or 61 percent, were current on contractual payments. In addition, $84 million, or 21 percent, were 180 days or more past due and had been written down to the estimated fair value of the collateral, less costs to sell. Accruing loans that were 30 days or more past due remained relatively unchanged during the three months ended March 31, 2026.
Of the $26.8 billion in total home equity portfolio outstandings at March 31, 2026, as shown in Table 20, eight percent require interest-only payments. The outstanding balance of HELOCs that had reached the end of their draw period and entered the amortization period was $3.1 billion at March 31, 2026. The HELOCs that have entered the amortization period have experienced a higher percentage of early stage delinquencies and nonperforming status when compared to the HELOC portfolio as a whole. At March 31, 2026, $26 million, or one percent, of outstanding HELOCs that had entered the
amortization period were accruing past due 30 days or more. In addition, at March 31, 2026, $211 million, or seven percent, were nonperforming.
For our interest-only HELOC portfolio, we can infer how many of our home equity customers pay only the minimum amount due on their home equity loans and lines through a review of our HELOC portfolio that we service and is still in its revolving period. During the three months ended March 31, 2026, 21 percent of these customers with an outstanding balance did not pay any principal on their HELOCs.
Table 21 presents outstandings, nonperforming balances and net recoveries by certain state concentrations for the home equity portfolio. In the New York area, the New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island MSA made up 10 percent of the outstanding home equity portfolio at both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. The Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana MSA within California made up 10 percent of the outstanding home equity portfolio at both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
| Table 21 | Home Equity State Concentrations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Outstandings (1) | Nonperforming (1) | Net Charge-offs (2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | Three Months Ended March 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| California | $ | 7,197 | $ | 7,219 | $ | 112 | $ | 108 | $ | (2) | $ | (2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Florida | 2,571 | 2,588 | 43 | 43 | (1) | (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| New Jersey | 1,862 | 1,871 | 28 | 27 | (1) | (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Texas | 1,686 | 1,674 | 17 | 17 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
New York | 1,400 | 1,421 | 53 | 55 | (1) | (2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 12,046 | 12,050 | 138 | 142 | (2) | (6) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total home equity loan portfolio | $ | 26,762 | $ | 26,823 | $ | 391 | $ | 392 | $ | (7) | $ | (12) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Outstandings and nonperforming loans exclude loans accounted for under the fair value option.
(2)Negative numbers represent net recoveries.
Credit Card
At March 31, 2026, 97 percent of the credit card portfolio was managed in Consumer Banking with the remainder in GWIM. Outstandings in the credit card portfolio decreased $3.2 billion during the three months ended March 31, 2026 to $102.8 billion primarily driven by a seasonal decline in purchase volume. Net charge-offs decreased $77 million to $924 million
during the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025 as the portfolio continued to improve. Credit card loans 30 days or more past due decreased $92 million, and 90 days or more past due decreased $10 million during the three months ended March 31, 2026.
Unused lines of credit for credit card increased to $426.7 billion at March 31, 2026 from $417.6 billion at December 31, 2025.
27 Bank of America | ||||||||
Table 22 presents certain state concentrations for the credit card portfolio.
| Table 22 | Credit Card State Concentrations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstandings | Past Due 90 Days or More | Net Charge-offs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | Three Months Ended March 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| California | $ | 17,139 | $ | 17,664 | $ | 237 | $ | 241 | $ | 168 | $ | 193 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Florida | 10,875 | 11,169 | 190 | 192 | 132 | 141 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Texas | 9,210 | 9,403 | 142 | 142 | 95 | 99 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Washington | 5,669 | 5,853 | 47 | 47 | 31 | 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| New York | 5,641 | 5,822 | 81 | 80 | 54 | 60 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 54,299 | 56,116 | 644 | 649 | 444 | 477 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total credit card portfolio | $ | 102,833 | $ | 106,027 | $ | 1,341 | $ | 1,351 | $ | 924 | $ | 1,001 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Direct/Indirect Consumer
At March 31, 2026, 47 percent of the direct/indirect portfolio was included in Consumer Banking (consumer auto and recreational vehicle lending) and 53 percent was included in GWIM (principally securities-based lending loans). Outstandings
in the direct/indirect portfolio were relatively unchanged during the three months ended March 31, 2026.
Table 23 presents certain state concentrations for the direct/indirect consumer loan portfolio.
| Table 23 | Direct/Indirect State Concentrations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstandings | Nonperforming | Net Charge-offs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | Three Months Ended March 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| California | $ | 17,213 | $ | 17,247 | $ | 44 | $ | 44 | $ | 25 | $ | 17 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Florida | 15,682 | 15,127 | 18 | 20 | 9 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Texas | 11,060 | 11,051 | 18 | 17 | 8 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| New York | 7,948 | 8,019 | 26 | 10 | 2 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| New Jersey | 4,702 | 4,740 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 57,349 | 57,946 | 74 | 79 | 28 | 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total direct/indirect loan portfolio | $ | 113,954 | $ | 114,130 | $ | 186 | $ | 176 | $ | 74 | $ | 70 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other Consumer
Other consumer primarily consists of deposit overdraft balances. Net charge-offs during the three months ended March 31, 2026 totaled $63 million, relatively unchanged compared to the same period in 2025.
Nonperforming Consumer Loans, Leases and Foreclosed Properties Activity
Table 24 presents nonperforming consumer loans, leases and foreclosed properties activity for the three months ended March 31, 2026. During the three months ended March 31, 2026, nonperforming consumer loans increased $104 million to $2.7 billion driven by extended residential mortgage relief provided to borrowers for their home rebuilding efforts following the 2025 California wildfires.
At March 31, 2026, $550 million, or 21 percent, of nonperforming loans were 180 days or more past due and had been written down to their estimated property value less costs to sell. In addition, at March 31, 2026, $1.5 billion, or 57 percent, of nonperforming consumer loans were current and classified as nonperforming loans in accordance with applicable policies.
During the three months ended March 31, 2026, foreclosed properties remained relatively unchanged.
Bank of America 28 | ||||||||
| Table 24 | Nonperforming Consumer Loans, Leases and Foreclosed Properties Activity | |||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31 | ||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||
| Nonperforming loans and leases, January 1 | $ | 2,576 | $ | 2,647 | ||||||||||
| Additions | 395 | 242 | ||||||||||||
| Reductions: | ||||||||||||||
| Paydowns and payoffs | (118) | (111) | ||||||||||||
| Sales | — | (1) | ||||||||||||
Returns to performing status (1) | (150) | (154) | ||||||||||||
| Charge-offs | (15) | (5) | ||||||||||||
| Transfers to foreclosed properties | (8) | (5) | ||||||||||||
| Total net additions (reductions) to nonperforming loans and leases | 104 | (34) | ||||||||||||
Total nonperforming loans and leases, March 31 | 2,680 | 2,613 | ||||||||||||
Foreclosed properties, March 31 | 92 | 88 | ||||||||||||
Nonperforming consumer loans, leases and foreclosed properties, March 31 | $ | 2,772 | $ | 2,701 | ||||||||||
Nonperforming consumer loans and leases as a percentage of outstanding consumer loans and leases (2) | 0.56 | % | 0.56 | % | ||||||||||
Nonperforming consumer loans, leases and foreclosed properties as a percentage of outstanding consumer loans, leases and foreclosed properties (2) | 0.58 | 0.58 | ||||||||||||
(1)Consumer loans may be returned to performing status when all principal and interest is current and full repayment of the remaining contractual principal and interest is expected, or when the loan otherwise becomes well-secured and is in the process of collection.
(2)Outstanding consumer loans and leases exclude loans accounted for under the fair value option.
Commercial Portfolio Credit Risk Management
Commercial credit risk is evaluated and managed with the goal that concentrations of credit exposure continue to be aligned with our risk appetite. We review, measure and manage concentrations of credit exposure by industry, product, geography, customer relationship and loan size. We also review, measure and manage commercial real estate loans by geographic location and property type. In addition, within our non-U.S. portfolio, we evaluate exposures by region and by country. Tables 29, 31 and 34 summarize our concentrations. We also utilize syndications of exposure to third parties, loan sales, hedging and other risk mitigation techniques to manage the size and risk profile of the commercial credit portfolio. For more information on our industry concentrations, see Table 31 and Commercial Portfolio Credit Risk Management – Industry Concentrations on page 33.
For more information on our accounting policies regarding delinquencies, nonperforming status and net charge-offs, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K and Note 5 – Outstanding Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Commercial Credit Portfolio
Outstanding commercial loans and leases increased $22.9 billion during the three months ended March 31, 2026 due to growth in U.S. and Non-U.S. commercial, primarily in Global Banking and Global Markets. During the three months ended March 31, 2026, commercial credit quality improved, as the reservable criticized utilized exposure rate improved to 3.21 percent from 3.37 percent as of December 31, 2025.
Nonperforming commercial loans decreased $77 million during the three months ended March 31, 2026, primarily due to commercial real estate. Commercial net charge-offs increased $17 million compared to the same period in 2025 primarily due to higher U.S. commercial charge-offs, partially offset by continued improvement in the commercial real estate office portfolio.
We are closely monitoring emerging trends, including the ongoing conflicts in the Middle East and higher energy prices, as well as borrower performance in the current environment.
The commercial allowance for loan and lease losses increased $54 million during the three months ended March 31, 2026 to $4.9 billion. For more information, see Allowance for Credit Losses on page 36.
Total commercial utilized credit exposure increased $34.7 billion during the three months ended March 31, 2026 to $843.1 billion primarily driven by higher loans and leases, as well as derivative assets. The utilization rate for loans and leases, standby letters of credit (SBLCs) and financial guarantees, and commercial letters of credit, in the aggregate, was 56 percent and 55 percent at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
Table 25 presents commercial credit exposure by type for utilized, unfunded and total binding committed credit exposure. Commercial utilized credit exposure includes SBLCs and financial guarantees and commercial letters of credit that have been issued and for which we are legally bound to advance funds under prescribed conditions during a specified time period, and excludes exposure related to trading account assets. Although funds have not yet been advanced, these exposure types are considered utilized for credit risk management purposes.
29 Bank of America | ||||||||
| Table 25 | Commercial Credit Exposure by Type | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Commercial Utilized (1) | Commercial Unfunded (2, 3, 4) | Total Commercial Committed | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans and leases | $ | 724,999 | $ | 702,109 | $ | 597,326 | $ | 596,676 | $ | 1,322,325 | $ | 1,298,785 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivative assets (5) | 48,315 | 40,881 | — | — | 48,315 | 40,881 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Standby letters of credit and financial guarantees | 36,512 | 35,048 | 2,079 | 2,081 | 38,591 | 37,129 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt securities and other investments | 18,493 | 19,155 | 3,452 | 3,391 | 21,945 | 22,546 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans held-for-sale | 6,476 | 3,450 | 10,775 | 17,151 | 17,251 | 20,601 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating leases | 5,721 | 5,686 | — | — | 5,721 | 5,686 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial letters of credit | 750 | 748 | — | — | 750 | 748 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 1,867 | 1,312 | — | — | 1,867 | 1,312 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 843,133 | $ | 808,389 | $ | 613,632 | $ | 619,299 | $ | 1,456,765 | $ | 1,427,688 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Commercial utilized exposure includes loans of $3.6 billion and $3.3 billion accounted for under the fair value option at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
(2)Commercial unfunded exposure includes commitments accounted for under the fair value option with a notional amount of $2.4 billion and $2.3 billion at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
(3)Excludes unused business card lines, which are not legally binding.
(4)Includes the notional amount of unfunded legally binding lending commitments, net of amounts distributed (i.e., syndicated or participated) to other financial institutions. The distributed amounts were $10.5 billion and $10.6 billion at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
(5)Derivative assets are carried at fair value, reflect the effects of legally enforceable master netting agreements and have been reduced by cash collateral of $30.8 billion and $27.2 billion at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. Not reflected in utilized and committed exposure is additional non-cash derivative collateral held of $72.1 billion and $71.4 billion at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, which consists primarily of other marketable securities.
Nonperforming commercial loans decreased $77 million during the three months ended March 31, 2026, driven by commercial real estate. Table 26 presents our commercial loans and leases portfolio and related credit quality information at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
| Table 26 | Commercial Credit Quality | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstandings | Nonperforming | Accruing Past Due 90 Days or More | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial and industrial: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. commercial | $ | 451,951 | $ | 436,242 | $ | 1,488 | $ | 1,404 | $ | 178 | $ | 302 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. commercial | 160,722 | 155,045 | 334 | 80 | 5 | 9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total commercial and industrial | 612,673 | 591,287 | 1,822 | 1,484 | 183 | 311 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | 69,615 | 68,748 | 1,191 | 1,596 | 22 | 10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial lease financing | 15,945 | 16,241 | 85 | 97 | 21 | 33 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 698,233 | 676,276 | 3,098 | 3,177 | 226 | 354 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. small business commercial (1) | 23,167 | 22,500 | 53 | 51 | 209 | 204 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial loans excluding loans accounted for under the fair value option | $ | 721,400 | $ | 698,776 | $ | 3,151 | $ | 3,228 | $ | 435 | $ | 558 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans accounted for under the fair value option (2) | 3,599 | 3,333 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total commercial loans and leases | $ | 724,999 | $ | 702,109 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Includes card-related products.
(2)Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option includes U.S. commercial of $2.5 billion and $2.1 billion and non-U.S. commercial of $1.1 billion and $1.2 billion at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 For more information on the fair value option, see Note 15 – Fair Value Option to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Table 27 presents net charge-offs and related ratios for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.
| Table 27 | Commercial Net Charge-offs and Related Ratios | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Charge-offs | Net Charge-off Ratios (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial and industrial: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. commercial | $ | 132 | $ | 70 | 0.12 | % | 0.07 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. commercial | 7 | 7 | 0.02 | 0.02 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total commercial and industrial | 139 | 77 | 0.09 | 0.06 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | 56 | 123 | 0.33 | 0.75 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial lease financing | 12 | — | 0.30 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 207 | 200 | 0.12 | 0.13 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. small business commercial | 143 | 133 | 2.55 | 2.57 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total commercial | $ | 350 | $ | 333 | 0.20 | 0.22 | ||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Net charge-off ratios are calculated as annualized net charge-offs divided by average outstanding loans and leases, excluding loans accounted for under the fair value option.
Bank of America 30 | ||||||||
Table 28 presents commercial reservable criticized utilized exposure by loan type. Criticized exposure corresponds to the Special Mention, Substandard and Doubtful asset categories as defined by regulatory authorities. Total commercial reservable criticized utilized exposure of $24.3 billion decreased $409
million, or two percent, during the three months ended March 31, 2026 primarily driven by commercial real estate and non-U.S. commercial. At both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, 87 percent of commercial reservable criticized utilized exposure was secured.
| Table 28 | Commercial Reservable Criticized Utilized Exposure (1, 2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial and industrial: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. commercial | $ | 12,670 | 2.63 | % | $ | 12,239 | 2.63 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. commercial | 2,572 | 1.55 | 2,803 | 1.74 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total commercial and industrial | 15,242 | 2.35 | 15,042 | 2.40 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | 7,657 | 10.78 | 8,356 | 11.91 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial lease financing | 544 | 3.41 | 471 | 2.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 23,443 | 3.19 | 23,869 | 3.35 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. small business commercial | 896 | 3.87 | 879 | 3.91 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total commercial reservable criticized utilized exposure | $ | 24,339 | 3.21 | $ | 24,748 | 3.37 | ||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Total commercial reservable criticized utilized exposure includes loans and leases of $23.5 billion and $23.9 billion and commercial letters of credit of $844 million and $869 million at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
(2)Percentages are calculated as commercial reservable criticized utilized exposure divided by total commercial reservable utilized exposure for each exposure category.
Commercial and Industrial
Commercial and industrial loans include U.S. commercial and non-U.S. commercial portfolios.
U.S. Commercial
At March 31, 2026, 57 percent of the U.S. commercial loan portfolio, excluding small business, was managed in Global Banking, 25 percent in Global Markets, 17 percent in GWIM (loans that provide financing for asset purchases, business investments and other liquidity needs for high net worth clients) and the remainder primarily in Consumer Banking. U.S. commercial loans increased $15.7 billion, or four percent, during the three months ended March 31, 2026 primarily driven by Global Banking. Reservable criticized utilized exposure increased $431 million, or four percent, driven by a broad range of industries.
Non-U.S. Commercial
At March 31, 2026, 51 percent of the non-U.S. commercial loan portfolio was managed in Global Banking and 48 percent in Global Markets. Non-U.S. commercial loans increased $5.7 billion, or four percent, during the three months ended March 31, 2026 primarily driven by Global Banking. Reservable criticized utilized exposure decreased $231 million, or eight percent. For more information on the non-U.S. commercial portfolio, see Non-U.S. Portfolio on page 35.
Commercial Real Estate
Commercial real estate primarily includes commercial loans secured by non-owner-occupied real estate and is dependent on the sale or lease of the real estate as the primary source of repayment. Outstanding loans increased $867 million or one
percent during the three months ended March 31, 2026 to $69.6 billion, driven by growth across multiple property types. The commercial real estate portfolio is primarily managed in Global Banking and consists of loans made primarily to public and private developers, and commercial real estate firms. The portfolio remains diversified across property types and geographic regions. California represented the largest state concentration at 20 percent of commercial real estate at both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. Industrial/Warehouse loans represented the largest property type concentration at 18 percent and 19 percent of commercial real estate at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. Office loans decreased $617 million, or five percent, from December 31, 2025 and represented less than one percent of total loans for the Corporation.
Reservable criticized utilized exposure for commercial real estate decreased $699 million, or eight percent, during the three months ended March 31, 2026. Reservable criticized exposure for the office property type was $3.1 billion at March 31, 2026, representing a decrease of $360 million, or 10 percent, from December 31, 2025. Approximately $4.4 billion of office loans are scheduled to mature by the end of 2026.
During the three months ended March 31, 2026, net charge-offs decreased $67 million to $56 million compared to the same period in 2025 driven by office loans. We use a number of proactive risk mitigation initiatives designed to reduce adversely rated exposure in the commercial real estate portfolio, including transfers of deteriorating exposures for management by independent special asset officers and the pursuit of loan restructurings or asset sales to achieve the best results for our customers and the Corporation.
31 Bank of America | ||||||||
Table 29 presents outstanding commercial real estate loans by geographic region, based on the geographic location of the collateral, and by property type.
| Table 29 | Outstanding Commercial Real Estate Loans | |||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | ||||||||||||
| By Geographic Region | ||||||||||||||
| Northeast | $ | 16,844 | $ | 17,044 | ||||||||||
| California | 13,839 | 13,916 | ||||||||||||
| Southwest | 9,616 | 8,412 | ||||||||||||
| Southeast | 6,532 | 6,958 | ||||||||||||
| Florida | 5,286 | 5,167 | ||||||||||||
| Midsouth | 3,241 | 2,962 | ||||||||||||
| Midwest | 3,058 | 2,862 | ||||||||||||
| Illinois | 2,498 | 2,513 | ||||||||||||
| Northwest | 1,433 | 1,451 | ||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. | 5,462 | 6,021 | ||||||||||||
| Other | 1,806 | 1,442 | ||||||||||||
Total outstanding commercial real estate loans | $ | 69,615 | $ | 68,748 | ||||||||||
| By Property Type | ||||||||||||||
| Non-residential | ||||||||||||||
| Industrial / Warehouse | $ | 12,545 | $ | 13,031 | ||||||||||
| Office | 11,830 | 12,447 | ||||||||||||
| Multi-family rental | 11,282 | 10,986 | ||||||||||||
| Shopping centers / Retail | 7,307 | 6,947 | ||||||||||||
| Hotel / Motels | 4,759 | 4,629 | ||||||||||||
| Multi-use | 2,477 | 2,509 | ||||||||||||
| Other | 18,167 | 17,295 | ||||||||||||
| Total non-residential | 68,367 | 67,844 | ||||||||||||
| Residential | 1,248 | 904 | ||||||||||||
Total outstanding commercial real estate loans | $ | 69,615 | $ | 68,748 | ||||||||||
U.S. Small Business Commercial
The U.S. small business commercial loan portfolio is comprised of small business card loans and small business loans primarily managed in Consumer Banking. Credit card-related products were 51 percent of the U.S. small business commercial portfolio at both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, and represented 97 percent and 98 percent of net charge-offs for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. Accruing loans that were past due 90 days or more remained relatively unchanged during the three months ended March 31, 2026.
Nonperforming Commercial Loans, Leases and Foreclosed Properties Activity
Table 30 presents the nonperforming commercial loans, leases and foreclosed properties activity during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. Nonperforming loans do not include loans accounted for under the fair value option. During the three months ended March 31, 2026, nonperforming commercial loans and leases decreased $77 million to $3.2 billion. At March 31, 2026, 96 percent of commercial nonperforming loans, leases and foreclosed properties were secured, and 46 percent were contractually current. Commercial nonperforming loans were carried at 82 percent of their unpaid principal balance, as the carrying value of these loans has been reduced to the estimated collateral value less costs to sell.
Bank of America 32 | ||||||||
| Table 30 | Nonperforming Commercial Loans, Leases and Foreclosed Properties Activity (1, 2) | |||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31 | ||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||
| Nonperforming loans and leases, beginning of period | $ | 3,228 | $ | 3,328 | ||||||||||
| Additions | 665 | 644 | ||||||||||||
| Reductions: | ||||||||||||||
| Paydowns | (278) | (275) | ||||||||||||
| Sales | (225) | — | ||||||||||||
Returns to performing status (3) | (2) | (9) | ||||||||||||
| Charge-offs | (237) | (218) | ||||||||||||
| Total net (reductions) additions to nonperforming loans and leases | (77) | 142 | ||||||||||||
| Total nonperforming loans and leases, March 31 | 3,151 | 3,470 | ||||||||||||
Foreclosed properties, March 31 | 10 | 30 | ||||||||||||
| Nonperforming commercial loans, leases and foreclosed properties, March 31 | $ | 3,161 | $ | 3,500 | ||||||||||
Nonperforming commercial loans and leases as a percentage of outstanding commercial loans and leases (4) | 0.44 | % | 0.54 | % | ||||||||||
Nonperforming commercial loans, leases and foreclosed properties as a percentage of outstanding commercial loans, leases and foreclosed properties (4) | 0.44 | 0.55 | ||||||||||||
(1)Balances do not include nonperforming loans held-for-sale of $500 million and $583 million at March 31, 2026 and 2025.
(2)Includes U.S. small business commercial activity. Small business card loans are excluded as they are not classified as nonperforming.
(3)Commercial loans and leases may be returned to performing status when all principal and interest is current and full repayment of the remaining contractual principal and interest is expected, when the loan otherwise becomes well-secured and is in the process of collection, or when a modified loan demonstrates a sustained period of payment performance.
(4)Outstanding commercial loans exclude loans accounted for under the fair value option.
Industry Concentrations
Table 31 presents commercial committed and utilized credit exposure by industry. For information on net notional credit protection purchased to hedge funded and unfunded exposures for which we elected the fair value option, as well as certain other credit exposures, see Commercial Portfolio Credit Risk Management – Risk Mitigation.
Commercial credit exposure is diversified across a broad range of industries. Total commercial committed exposure increased $29.1 billion during the three months ended March 31, 2026 to $1.5 trillion. The increase in commercial committed exposure was concentrated in Asset managers and funds, Capital goods and Energy.
For information on industry limits, see Commercial Portfolio Credit Risk Management – Risk Mitigation in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Asset managers and funds, our largest industry concentration with committed exposure of $242.8 billion, increased $8.4 billion, or four percent, during the three months ended March 31, 2026, which was primarily driven by investment-grade exposures.
Finance companies, our second largest industry concentration with committed exposure of $130.8 billion, increased $1.1 billion, or one percent, during the three months ended March 31, 2026. The increase in committed exposure was primarily driven by increases in Diversified financials and Thrifts and mortgage finance.
Capital goods, our third largest industry concentration with committed exposure of $112.7 billion, increased $4.0 billion, or four percent, during the three months ended March 31, 2026. The increase in committed exposure was driven by increases in Industrial conglomerates, Aerospace and defense and Trading companies and distributors, partially offset by a decrease in Electrical equipment.
Geopolitical tensions, particularly related to the ongoing conflicts in the Middle East, and higher costs associated with persistent inflationary pressures have led to increased uncertainty in the U.S. and global economies and have adversely impacted, and may continue to adversely impact, a number of industries. We continue to monitor these risks.
33 Bank of America | ||||||||
| Table 31 | Commercial Credit Exposure by Industry (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial Utilized | Total Commercial Committed (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset managers and funds | $ | 157,305 | $ | 149,178 | $ | 242,756 | $ | 234,323 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Finance companies | 95,327 | 94,444 | 130,766 | 129,652 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital goods | 57,647 | 54,293 | 112,724 | 108,722 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Real estate (3) | 70,282 | 69,939 | 97,921 | 99,454 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Healthcare equipment and services | 36,833 | 35,417 | 72,982 | 71,944 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Materials | 30,743 | 29,094 | 62,554 | 61,872 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Individuals and trusts | 45,685 | 43,556 | 60,264 | 59,713 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consumer services | 30,043 | 29,757 | 55,913 | 55,291 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Retailing | 27,372 | 25,648 | 54,295 | 55,313 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Government and public education | 35,316 | 33,874 | 52,863 | 50,898 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Food, beverage and tobacco | 24,922 | 25,561 | 49,940 | 51,016 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Media | 13,868 | 11,324 | 46,086 | 43,691 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial services and supplies | 25,013 | 24,680 | 45,869 | 46,058 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Utilities | 19,604 | 18,670 | 44,913 | 43,554 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Energy | 15,544 | 13,199 | 42,721 | 39,122 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transportation | 24,512 | 24,772 | 37,832 | 37,707 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Software and services | 17,555 | 15,317 | 34,947 | 32,070 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technology hardware and equipment | 12,767 | 11,488 | 31,820 | 30,519 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Global commercial banks | 24,815 | 22,377 | 27,790 | 25,327 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vehicle dealers | 19,414 | 19,222 | 25,081 | 24,669 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology | 7,359 | 7,166 | 24,615 | 23,325 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Insurance | 12,156 | 11,443 | 23,995 | 23,762 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consumer durables and apparel | 9,642 | 9,612 | 21,722 | 23,299 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Automobiles and components | 7,772 | 8,129 | 16,257 | 17,284 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Telecommunication services | 6,946 | 6,525 | 15,896 | 15,686 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Food and staples retailing | 5,872 | 5,313 | 11,157 | 10,836 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial markets infrastructure (clearinghouses) | 6,561 | 6,101 | 8,784 | 8,336 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Religious and social organizations | 2,258 | 2,290 | 4,302 | 4,245 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total commercial credit exposure by industry | $ | 843,133 | $ | 808,389 | $ | 1,456,765 | $ | 1,427,688 | ||||||||||||||||||
(1)Includes U.S. small business commercial exposure.
(2)Includes the notional amount of unfunded legally binding lending commitments, net of amounts distributed (i.e., syndicated or participated) to other financial institutions. The distributed amounts were $10.5 billion and $10.6 billion at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
(3)Industries are viewed from a variety of perspectives to best isolate the perceived risks. For purposes of this table, the real estate industry is defined based on the primary business activity of the borrowers or counterparties using operating cash flows and primary source of repayment as key factors.
Risk Mitigation
We purchase credit protection to cover the funded portion as well as the unfunded portion of certain credit exposures. To lower the cost of obtaining our desired credit protection levels, we may add credit exposure within an industry, borrower or counterparty group by selling protection.
At both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, net notional credit default protection purchased in our credit derivatives portfolio to hedge our funded and unfunded exposures for which we elected the fair value option, as well as certain other credit exposures, was $14.5 billion. We recorded net gains of $12 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to net gains of $3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The net gains on these instruments were largely offset by net losses on the related exposures. The Value-at-Risk (VaR) results for these exposures are included in the fair value option portfolio information in Table 37. For more information, see Trading Risk Management on page 38.
Tables 32 and 33 present the maturity profiles and the credit exposure debt ratings of the net credit default protection portfolio at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
| Table 32 | Net Credit Default Protection by Maturity | |||||||||||||
| March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | |||||||||||||
| Less than or equal to one year | 37 | % | 37 | % | ||||||||||
Greater than one year and less than or equal to five years | 59 | 61 | ||||||||||||
| Greater than five years | 4 | 2 | ||||||||||||
| Total net credit default protection | 100 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||
Bank of America 34 | ||||||||
| Table 33 | Net Credit Default Protection by Credit Exposure Debt Rating | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net Notional (1) | Percent of Total | Net Notional (1) | Percent of Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ratings (2, 3) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AAA | $ | (145) | 1.0 | % | $ | (145) | 1.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| AA | (2,426) | 16.8 | (1,968) | 13.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| A | (6,017) | 41.6 | (6,348) | 43.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| BBB | (4,183) | 28.9 | (4,639) | 31.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| BB | (776) | 5.4 | (697) | 4.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| B | (440) | 3.0 | (441) | 3.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| CCC and below | (29) | 0.2 | (17) | 0.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
NR (4) | (442) | 3.1 | (270) | 2.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Total net credit default protection | $ | (14,458) | 100.0 | % | $ | (14,525) | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
(1)Represents net credit default protection purchased.
(2)Ratings are refreshed on a quarterly basis.
(3)Ratings of BBB- or higher are considered to meet the definition of investment grade.
(4)NR is comprised of index positions held and any names that have not been rated.
For more information on credit derivatives and counterparty credit risk valuation adjustments, see Note 3 – Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Non-U.S. Portfolio
Our non-U.S. credit and trading portfolios are subject to country risk. We define country risk as the risk of loss from unfavorable economic and political conditions, currency fluctuations, social instability and changes in government policies. A risk management framework is in place to measure, monitor and manage non-U.S. risk and exposures. In addition to the direct risk of doing business in a country, we also are exposed to indirect country risks (e.g., related to the collateral received on secured financing transactions or related to client clearing activities). These indirect exposures are managed in the normal course of business through credit, market and operational risk governance rather than through country risk governance. For more information on our non-U.S. credit and trading portfolios, see Non-U.S. Portfolio in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K. For more information on risks related to our non-U.S. portfolio, see the Geopolitical section within Item 1A. Risk Factors of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Table 34 presents our 20 largest non-U.S. country exposures at March 31, 2026. These exposures accounted for 89 percent of our total non-U.S. exposure at March 31, 2026 and 88 percent at December 31, 2025. Net country exposure for these 20 countries increased $15.4 billion from December 31, 2025 primarily driven by increases in France, Germany, the United Kingdom and India.
| Table 34 | Top 20 Non-U.S. Countries Exposure | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | Funded Loans and Loan Equivalents | Unfunded Loan Commitments | Net Counterparty Exposure | Securities/ Other Investments | Country Exposure at March 31 2026 | Hedges and Credit Default Protection | Net Country Exposure at March 31 2026 | Increase (Decrease) from December 31 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| United Kingdom | $ | 36,481 | $ | 17,510 | $ | 7,564 | $ | 7,738 | $ | 69,293 | $ | (1,888) | $ | 67,405 | $ | 2,790 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Germany | 25,699 | 13,348 | 4,788 | 2,233 | 46,068 | (3,542) | 42,526 | 3,418 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Australia | 23,131 | 6,845 | 905 | 3,468 | 34,349 | (436) | 33,913 | 1,041 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| France | 14,453 | 11,773 | 1,409 | 6,296 | 33,931 | (2,201) | 31,730 | 4,168 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Canada | 14,402 | 11,373 | 2,171 | 3,602 | 31,548 | (522) | 31,026 | (737) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Brazil | 11,069 | 1,229 | 1,435 | 5,337 | 19,070 | (126) | 18,944 | 950 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Japan | 10,669 | 1,527 | 3,463 | 3,955 | 19,614 | (718) | 18,896 | (83) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| India | 8,301 | 275 | 1,068 | 4,003 | 13,647 | (30) | 13,617 | 2,241 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Switzerland | 5,723 | 6,544 | 821 | 341 | 13,429 | (165) | 13,264 | 585 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Singapore | 4,475 | 661 | 647 | 6,023 | 11,806 | (136) | 11,670 | 297 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Netherlands | 6,997 | 3,267 | 666 | 1,022 | 11,952 | (448) | 11,504 | (1,155) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ireland | 7,981 | 1,814 | 435 | 312 | 10,542 | (77) | 10,465 | (155) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mexico | 5,183 | 2,719 | 521 | 1,904 | 10,327 | (262) | 10,065 | 306 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| China | 3,787 | 486 | 807 | 5,146 | 10,226 | (418) | 9,808 | (1,125) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| South Korea | 4,490 | 1,116 | 1,453 | 2,731 | 9,790 | (666) | 9,124 | (409) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Italy | 5,491 | 2,671 | 383 | 997 | 9,542 | (476) | 9,066 | 208 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spain | 2,966 | 2,662 | 395 | 1,918 | 7,941 | (386) | 7,555 | 791 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hong Kong | 2,898 | 532 | 958 | 1,334 | 5,722 | (38) | 5,684 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Belgium | 1,016 | 1,785 | 1,032 | 1,002 | 4,835 | (165) | 4,670 | 1,309 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Saudi Arabia | 3,571 | 1,467 | 208 | 64 | 5,310 | (1,084) | 4,226 | 945 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total top 20 non-U.S. countries exposure | $ | 198,783 | $ | 89,604 | $ | 31,129 | $ | 59,426 | $ | 378,942 | $ | (13,784) | $ | 365,158 | $ | 15,389 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Our largest non-U.S. country exposure at March 31, 2026 was the United Kingdom with net exposure of $67.4 billion, which increased $2.8 billion from December 31, 2025 primarily due to increased exposure to financial institutions. Our second largest non-U.S. country exposure was Germany with net exposure of $42.5 billion at March 31, 2026, which increased
$3.4 billion from December 31, 2025 primarily due to increased corporate exposure. We continue to closely monitor the ongoing conflicts in the Middle East and potential impacts on our portfolio and borrowers, including through higher energy prices, increased market volatility, supply chain disruptions and related macroeconomic effects.
35 Bank of America | ||||||||
Allowance for Credit Losses
The allowance for credit losses decreased $71 million from December 31, 2025 to $14.3 billion at March 31, 2026, which included a $96 million reserve decrease and $25 million reserve increase related to the consumer and commercial portfolios, respectively. Table 35 presents an allocation of the allowance for credit losses by product type at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
| Table 35 | Allocation of the Allowance for Credit Losses by Product Type | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount | Percent of Total | Percent of Loans and Leases Outstanding (1) | Amount | Percent of Total | Percent of Loans and Leases Outstanding (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for loan and lease losses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential mortgage | $ | 303 | 2.30 | % | 0.13 | % | $ | 294 | 2.23 | % | 0.12 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Home equity | 114 | 0.87 | 0.43 | 122 | 0.92 | 0.46 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit card | 7,095 | 53.96 | 6.90 | 7,197 | 54.51 | 6.79 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Direct/Indirect consumer | 705 | 5.36 | 0.62 | 713 | 5.40 | 0.63 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other consumer | 54 | 0.41 | n/m | 54 | 0.41 | n/m | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total consumer | 8,271 | 62.90 | 1.72 | 8,380 | 63.47 | 1.73 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. commercial (2) | 3,051 | 23.21 | 0.64 | 2,967 | 22.47 | 0.65 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. commercial | 837 | 6.37 | 0.52 | 801 | 6.07 | 0.52 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | 939 | 7.14 | 1.35 | 1,007 | 7.63 | 1.46 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial lease financing | 50 | 0.38 | 0.32 | 48 | 0.36 | 0.29 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total commercial | 4,877 | 37.10 | 0.68 | 4,823 | 36.53 | 0.69 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for loan and lease losses | 13,148 | 100.00 | % | 1.09 | 13,203 | 100.00 | % | 1.12 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reserve for unfunded lending commitments | 1,161 | 1,177 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for credit losses | $ | 14,309 | $ | 14,380 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Ratios are calculated as allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of loans and leases outstanding excluding loans accounted for under the fair value option.
(2)Includes allowance for loan and lease losses for U.S. small business commercial loans of $1.4 billion at both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
n/m = not meaningful
Table 36 presents a rollforward of the allowance for credit losses, including certain loan and allowance ratios for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. For more information on the Corporation’s credit loss accounting policies and activity related to the allowance for credit losses, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K and Note 5 – Outstanding Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Bank of America 36 | ||||||||
| Table 36 | Allowance for Credit Losses | |||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31 | ||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||
| Allowance for loan and lease losses, January 1 | $ | 13,203 | $ | 13,240 | ||||||||||
| Loans and leases charged off | ||||||||||||||
| Residential mortgage | (9) | (3) | ||||||||||||
| Home equity | (7) | (3) | ||||||||||||
| Credit card | (1,144) | (1,178) | ||||||||||||
| Direct/Indirect consumer | (105) | (105) | ||||||||||||
| Other consumer | (67) | (66) | ||||||||||||
| Total consumer charge-offs | (1,332) | (1,355) | ||||||||||||
U.S. commercial (1) | (296) | (244) | ||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. commercial | (7) | (8) | ||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | (89) | (126) | ||||||||||||
| Commercial lease financing | (13) | — | ||||||||||||
| Total commercial charge-offs | (405) | (378) | ||||||||||||
| Total loans and leases charged off | (1,737) | (1,733) | ||||||||||||
| Recoveries of loans and leases previously charged off | ||||||||||||||
| Residential mortgage | 4 | 3 | ||||||||||||
| Home equity | 14 | 15 | ||||||||||||
| Credit card | 220 | 177 | ||||||||||||
| Direct/Indirect consumer | 31 | 35 | ||||||||||||
| Other consumer | 4 | 6 | ||||||||||||
| Total consumer recoveries | 273 | 236 | ||||||||||||
U.S. commercial (2) | 21 | 41 | ||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. commercial | — | 1 | ||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | 33 | 3 | ||||||||||||
| Commercial lease financing | 1 | — | ||||||||||||
| Total commercial recoveries | 55 | 45 | ||||||||||||
| Total recoveries of loans and leases previously charged off | 328 | 281 | ||||||||||||
| Net charge-offs | (1,409) | (1,452) | ||||||||||||
| Provision for loan and lease losses | 1,353 | 1,466 | ||||||||||||
| Other | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||
Allowance for loan and lease losses, March 31 | 13,148 | 13,256 | ||||||||||||
| Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, January 1 | 1,177 | 1,096 | ||||||||||||
| Provision for unfunded lending commitments | (16) | 14 | ||||||||||||
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, March 31 | 1,161 | 1,110 | ||||||||||||
Allowance for credit losses, March 31 | $ | 14,309 | $ | 14,366 | ||||||||||
Loan and allowance ratios (3): | ||||||||||||||
Loans and leases outstanding at March 31 | $ | 1,201,278 | $ | 1,105,239 | ||||||||||
Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total loans and leases outstanding at March 31 | 1.09 | % | 1.20 | % | ||||||||||
Consumer allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total consumer loans and leases outstanding at March 31 | 1.72 | 1.83 | ||||||||||||
Commercial allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total commercial loans and leases outstanding at March 31 | 0.68 | 0.74 | ||||||||||||
| Average loans and leases outstanding | $ | 1,185,925 | $ | 1,088,296 | ||||||||||
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans and leases outstanding | 0.48 | % | 0.54 | % | ||||||||||
Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total nonperforming loans and leases at March 31 | 225 | 218 | ||||||||||||
Ratio of the allowance for loan and lease losses at March 31 to annualized net charge-offs | 2.30 | 2.25 | ||||||||||||
Amounts included in allowance for loan and lease losses for loans and leases that are excluded from nonperforming loans and leases at March 31 (4) | $ | 8,397 | $ | 8,663 | ||||||||||
Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total nonperforming loans and leases, excluding the allowance for loan and lease losses for loans and leases that are excluded from nonperforming loans and leases at March 31 (4) | 81 | % | 76 | % | ||||||||||
(1)Includes U.S. small business commercial charge-offs of $155 million and $147 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.
(2)Includes U.S. small business commercial recoveries of $12 million and $14 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.
(3)Ratios are calculated as allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of loans and leases outstanding excluding loans accounted for under the fair value option.
(4)Primarily includes amounts related to credit card and unsecured consumer lending portfolios in Consumer Banking.
37 Bank of America | ||||||||
Market Risk Management
For more information on our market risk management process, see Market Risk Management in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K. For more information on market risks, see the Market section within Item 1A. Risk Factors of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Market risk is the risk that changes in market conditions may adversely impact the value of assets or liabilities, or otherwise negatively impact earnings. This risk is inherent in the financial instruments associated with our operations, primarily within our Global Markets segment. We are also exposed to these risks in other areas of the Corporation (e.g., our ALM activities). In the event of market stress, these risks could have a material impact on our results.
Trading Risk Management
To evaluate risks in our trading activities, we focus on the actual and potential volatility of revenues generated by individual positions as well as portfolios of positions. VaR is a common statistic used to measure market risk. Our primary VaR statistic is equivalent to a 99 percent confidence level, which means that for a VaR with a one-day holding period, there should not be
losses in excess of VaR, on average, 99 out of 100 trading days.
Table 37 presents the total market-based portfolio VaR, which is the combination of the total trading positions portfolio and the fair value option portfolio. The VaR amounts for all periods presented in Table 37 and Table 38 include the financial instruments used in the Corporation’s market risk management of its trading portfolios. For more information on the market risk VaR for trading activities, see Trading Risk Management in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The total market-based portfolio VaR results in Table 37 include market risk to which we are exposed from all business segments’ trading activities, which exclude credit valuation adjustment (CVA), DVA and the related hedges of these items. The majority of this portfolio is within the Global Markets segment.
Table 37 presents period-end, average, high and low daily trading VaR for the three months ended March 31, 2026, December 31, 2025 and March 31, 2025 using a 99 percent confidence level.
| Table 37 | Market Risk VaR for Trading Activities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | March 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | Period End | Average | High (1) | Low (1) | Period End | Average | High (1) | Low (1) | Period End | Average | High (1) | Low (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange | $ | 8 | $ | 14 | $ | 22 | $ | 8 | $ | 14 | $ | 13 | $ | 18 | $ | 9 | $ | 12 | $ | 18 | $ | 36 | $ | 10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate | 30 | 30 | 49 | 19 | 37 | 40 | 49 | 29 | 52 | 62 | 83 | 46 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit | 36 | 38 | 56 | 29 | 34 | 39 | 48 | 32 | 61 | 56 | 67 | 48 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage | 26 | 28 | 31 | 22 | 26 | 28 | 31 | 26 | 41 | 34 | 41 | 28 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity | 27 | 30 | 66 | 20 | 20 | 28 | 38 | 20 | 26 | 24 | 38 | 15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commodities | 11 | 15 | 22 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 13 | 7 | 11 | 10 | 13 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Portfolio diversification | (92) | (108) | n/a | n/a | (97) | (108) | n/a | n/a | (107) | (113) | n/a | n/a | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total trading positions portfolio VaR | 46 | 47 | 74 | 38 | 44 | 50 | 62 | 42 | 96 | 91 | 119 | 66 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value option loans | 21 | 17 | 23 | 14 | 17 | 16 | 19 | 14 | 23 | 27 | 35 | 19 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value option hedges | 11 | 9 | 13 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 11 | 7 | 14 | 19 | 28 | 11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value option portfolio diversification | (19) | (13) | n/a | n/a | (10) | (12) | n/a | n/a | (23) | (30) | n/a | n/a | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total fair value option portfolio | 13 | 13 | 14 | 12 | 14 | 12 | 15 | 10 | 14 | 16 | 20 | 11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Portfolio diversification | (10) | (8) | n/a | n/a | (9) | (7) | n/a | n/a | (4) | (8) | n/a | n/a | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total market-based portfolio | $ | 49 | $ | 52 | 77 | 43 | $ | 49 | $ | 55 | 68 | 46 | $ | 106 | $ | 99 | 127 | 73 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)The high and low for each portfolio may have occurred on different trading days than the high and low for the components. Therefore, the amount of portfolio diversification, which is the difference between the total portfolio and the sum of the individual components, is not relevant.
n/a = not applicable
Bank of America 38 | ||||||||
The following graph presents the trading positions portfolio VaR for the previous five quarters, corresponding to the data in Table 37.
Additional VaR statistics produced within our single VaR model are provided in Table 38 at the same level of detail as in Table 37. Evaluating VaR with additional statistics allows for an increased understanding of the risks in the portfolio, as the historical market data used in the VaR calculation does not necessarily follow a predefined statistical distribution. Table 38 presents average trading VaR statistics at 99 percent and 95 percent confidence levels for the three months ended March 31, 2026, December 31, 2025 and March 31, 2025.
| Table 38 | Average Market Risk VaR for Trading Activities – 99 percent and 95 percent VaR Statistics | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | March 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 99 percent | 95 percent | 99 percent | 95 percent | 99 percent | 95 percent | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange | $ | 14 | $ | 7 | $ | 13 | $ | 5 | $ | 18 | $ | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate | 30 | 17 | 40 | 21 | 62 | 33 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit | 38 | 14 | 39 | 13 | 56 | 29 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage | 28 | 14 | 28 | 15 | 34 | 18 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity | 30 | 14 | 28 | 13 | 24 | 12 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commodities | 15 | 8 | 10 | 6 | 10 | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Portfolio diversification | (108) | (51) | (108) | (50) | (113) | (68) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total trading positions portfolio VaR | 47 | 23 | 50 | 23 | 91 | 39 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value option loans | 17 | 10 | 16 | 9 | 27 | 16 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value option hedges | 9 | 5 | 8 | 4 | 19 | 11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value option portfolio diversification | (13) | (8) | (12) | (6) | (30) | (19) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total fair value option portfolio | 13 | 7 | 12 | 7 | 16 | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Portfolio diversification | (8) | (5) | (7) | (5) | (8) | (3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total market-based portfolio | $ | 52 | $ | 25 | $ | 55 | $ | 25 | $ | 99 | $ | 44 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Backtesting
The accuracy of the VaR methodology is evaluated by backtesting, which compares the daily VaR results, utilizing a one-day holding period, against a comparable subset of trading revenue. For more information on our backtesting process, see Trading Risk Management – Backtesting in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
During the three months ended March 31, 2026, there were two days where this subset of trading revenue had losses that exceeded our total covered portfolio VaR, utilizing a one-day holding period.
39 Bank of America | ||||||||
Total Trading-related Revenue
Total trading-related revenue, excluding brokerage fees, and CVA, DVA and funding valuation adjustment gains (losses), represents the total amount earned from trading positions, including net interest income associated with Global Markets trading activities, which are taken in a diverse range of financial instruments and markets. For more information, see Trading Risk Management – Total Trading-related Revenue in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The following histogram is a graphic depiction of trading volatility and illustrates the daily level of trading-related revenue
for the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the three months ended December 31, 2025. During the three months ended March 31, 2026, positive trading-related revenue was recorded for 100 percent of the trading days, of which 97 percent were daily trading gains of over $25 million. This compares to the three months ended December 31, 2025 where positive trading-related revenue was recorded for 98 percent of the trading days, of which 89 percent were daily trading gains of over $25 million, and the largest loss was $2 million.
Trading Portfolio Stress Testing
Because the very nature of a VaR model suggests results can exceed our estimates and it is dependent on a limited historical window, we also stress test our portfolio using scenario analysis. This analysis estimates the change in the value of our trading portfolio that may result from abnormal market movements. For more information, see Trading Risk Management – Trading Portfolio Stress Testing in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Interest Rate Risk Management for the Banking Book
The following discussion presents net interest income for banking book activities. For more information, see Interest Rate Risk Management for the Banking Book in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Table 39 presents the spot and 12-month forward rates used in developing the forward curve used in our baseline forecasts at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
| Table 39 | Forward Rates | |||||||||||||||||||
| Federal Funds | SOFR | 10-Year SOFR | ||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, 2026 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Spot rates | 3.75 | % | 3.68 | % | 3.87 | % | ||||||||||||||
| 12-month forward rates | 3.75 | 3.60 | 3.92 | |||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Spot rates | 3.75 | % | 3.87 | % | 3.80 | % | ||||||||||||||
| 12-month forward rates | 3.25 | 3.11 | 3.89 | |||||||||||||||||
Table 40 shows the potential pretax impact to forecasted net interest income over the next 12 months from March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 resulting from instantaneous parallel and non-parallel shocks to the market-based forward curve. Periodically, we evaluate the scenarios presented so that they are meaningful in the context of the current rate environment. Amounts presented reflect dynamic deposit sensitivities, which incorporate behavioral customer deposit balance changes that could occur under various scenarios. For more information, see Interest Rate Risk Management for the Banking Book in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Bank of America 40 | ||||||||
| Table 40 | Estimated Banking Book Net Interest Income Sensitivity to Curve Changes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short Rate (bps) | Long Rate (bps) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in billions) | March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Parallel Shifts | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
+100 bps instantaneous shift | +100 | +100 | $ | 0.4 | $ | 0.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||
-100 bps instantaneous shift | -100 | -100 | (2.0) | (2.0) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
+200 bps instantaneous shift | +200 | +200 | 0.6 | 0.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
-200 bps instantaneous shift | -200 | -200 | (4.9) | (4.9) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Flatteners | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Short-end instantaneous change | +100 | — | 0.1 | 0.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Long-end instantaneous change | — | -100 | (0.4) | (0.3) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Steepeners | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Short-end instantaneous change | -100 | — | (1.5) | (1.7) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Long-end instantaneous change | — | +100 | 0.3 | 0.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
We continue to be asset sensitive to a parallel move in interest rates, with the majority of that impact coming from the short end of the yield curve. Additionally, higher interest rates negatively impact the fair value of our debt securities classified as available for sale and adversely affect accumulated OCI, and thus capital levels under the Basel 3 capital rules. Under instantaneous upward parallel shifts, the near-term adverse impact to Basel 3 capital would be reduced over time by offsetting positive impacts to net interest income generated from banking book activities. For more information on Basel 3, see Capital Management – Regulatory Capital on page 16.
As part of our ALM activities, we use securities, certain residential mortgages, and interest rate and foreign exchange derivatives in managing interest rate sensitivity. The sensitivity analysis in Table 40 assumes that we take no action in response to these rate shocks and does not assume any change in other macroeconomic variables normally correlated with changes in interest rates. In higher rate scenarios, the analysis assumes that a portion of low-cost or noninterest-bearing deposits is replaced with higher yielding deposits or market-based funding. Conversely, in lower rate scenarios, the analysis assumes that a portion of higher yielding deposits or market-based funding is replaced with low-cost or noninterest-bearing deposits.
For larger interest rate shift scenarios, the interest rate sensitivity may behave in a non-linear manner as there are numerous estimates and assumptions, which require a high
degree of judgment and are often interrelated, that could impact the outcome. Pertaining to the mortgage-backed securities and residential mortgage portfolio, if long-end interest rates were to significantly decrease over the next twelve months, for example over 200 bps, there would generally be an increase in customer prepayment behaviors with an incremental reduction to net interest income, noting that the extent of changes in customer prepayment activity can be impacted by multiple factors and is not necessarily limited to long-end interest rates. Conversely, if long-end interest rates were to significantly increase over the next twelve months, for example, over 200 bps, customer prepayments would likely modestly decrease and result in an incremental increase to net interest income. In addition, deposit pricing is rate sensitive in nature. This sensitivity is assumed to have non-linear impacts to larger short-end rate movements. In decreasing interest rate scenarios, and particularly where interest rates have decreased to small amounts, the ability to further reduce rates paid is reduced as customer rates near zero. In higher short-end rate scenarios, deposit pricing will likely increase at a faster rate, leading to incremental interest expense and reducing asset sensitivity. While the impact related to the above assumptions used in the asset sensitivity analysis can provide directional analysis on how net interest income will be impacted in changing environments, the ultimate impact is dependent upon the interrelationship of the assumptions and factors, which vary in different macroeconomic scenarios.
41 Bank of America | ||||||||
Economic Value of Equity
In addition to interest rate sensitivity described above, the Corporation’s management of its interest rate exposures in the banking book also considers a long-term view of interest rate sensitivity through the measurement of Economic Value of Equity (EVE). EVE captures changes in the net present value of banking book assets and liabilities under various interest rate scenarios and its impact to Tier 1 capital. Similar to net interest income, the Corporation establishes limits for EVE. EVE is largely driven by the Corporation’s longer duration fixed-rate products, such as investment securities, residential mortgages and deposits. For assets or liabilities that have no stated maturity, such as deposits, the Corporation estimates the duration for measurement purposes.
Interest Rate and Foreign Exchange Derivative Contracts
We use interest rate and foreign exchange derivative contracts in our ALM activities to manage our interest rate and foreign exchange risks. Specifically, we use those derivatives to manage both the variability in cash flows and changes in fair value of various assets and liabilities arising from those risks. Our interest rate derivative contracts are generally non-leveraged swaps tied to various benchmark interest rates and foreign exchange basis swaps, options, futures and forwards, and our foreign exchange contracts include cross-currency interest rate swaps, foreign currency futures contracts, foreign currency forward contracts and options.
The derivatives used in our ALM activities can be split into two broad categories: designated accounting hedges and other risk management derivatives. Designated accounting hedges are primarily used to manage our exposure to interest rates as described in the Interest Rate Risk Management for the Banking Book section and are included in the sensitivities presented in Table 40. The Corporation also uses foreign currency derivatives in accounting hedges to manage substantially all of the foreign exchange risk of our foreign operations. By hedging the foreign exchange risk of our foreign operations, the Corporation's market risk exposure in this area is not significant.
Risk management derivatives are predominantly used to hedge foreign exchange risks related to various foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities and eliminate substantially all foreign currency exposures in the cash flows of the Corporation’s non-trading foreign currency-denominated financial instruments. These foreign exchange derivatives are sensitive to other market risk exposures such as cross-currency basis spreads and interest rate risk. However, as these features are not a significant component of these foreign exchange derivatives, the market risk related to this exposure is not significant. For more information on the accounting for derivatives, see Note 3 – Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Mortgage Banking Risk Management
We originate, fund and service mortgage loans, which subject us to credit, liquidity and interest rate risks, among others. We determine whether loans will be held for investment or held for sale at the time of commitment and manage credit and liquidity risks by selling or securitizing a portion of the loans we originate.
Changes in interest rates impact the value of interest rate lock commitments (IRLCs) and the related residential first mortgage loans held-for-sale (LHFS), as well as the value of the MSRs. Because the interest rate risks of these hedged items offset, we combine them into one overall hedged item with one combined economic hedge portfolio consisting of derivative contracts and securities. For more information on IRLCs and the related residential mortgage LHFS, see Mortgage Banking Risk Management in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Our significant accounting principles are essential in understanding the MD&A. Many of our significant accounting principles require complex judgments to estimate the values of assets and liabilities. We have procedures and processes in place to facilitate making these judgments. For more information, see Critical Accounting Estimates in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K and Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Bank of America 42 | ||||||||
Non-GAAP Reconciliations
Table 41 provides reconciliations of certain non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures.
| Table 41 | Average and Period-end Supplemental Financial Data and Reconciliations to GAAP Financial Measures (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 Quarter | 2025 Quarters | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | First | Fourth | Third | Second | First | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reconciliation of average shareholders’ equity to average tangible shareholders’ equity and average tangible common shareholders’ equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shareholders’ equity | $ | 302,501 | $ | 303,873 | $ | 300,381 | $ | 295,329 | $ | 294,187 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Goodwill | (69,021) | (69,021) | (69,021) | (69,021) | (69,021) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intangible assets (excluding MSRs) | (1,834) | (1,853) | (1,873) | (1,893) | (1,912) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Related deferred tax liabilities | 825 | 827 | 839 | 846 | 851 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tangible shareholders’ equity | $ | 232,471 | $ | 233,826 | $ | 230,326 | $ | 225,261 | $ | 224,105 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred stock | (25,748) | (25,992) | (25,232) | (22,573) | (22,307) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tangible common shareholders’ equity | $ | 206,723 | $ | 207,834 | $ | 205,094 | $ | 202,688 | $ | 201,798 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Reconciliation of period-end shareholders’ equity to period-end tangible shareholders’ equity and period- end tangible common shareholders’ equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shareholders’ equity | $ | 300,668 | $ | 303,243 | $ | 302,437 | $ | 298,021 | $ | 293,949 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Goodwill | (69,021) | (69,021) | (69,021) | (69,021) | (69,021) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intangible assets (excluding MSRs) | (1,821) | (1,841) | (1,860) | (1,880) | (1,899) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Related deferred tax liabilities | 821 | 825 | 828 | 842 | 846 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tangible shareholders’ equity | $ | 230,647 | $ | 233,206 | $ | 232,384 | $ | 227,962 | $ | 223,875 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred stock | (24,996) | (25,992) | (25,992) | (23,495) | (20,499) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tangible common shareholders’ equity | $ | 205,651 | $ | 207,214 | $ | 206,392 | $ | 204,467 | $ | 203,376 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Reconciliation of period-end assets to period-end tangible assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | $ | 3,496,186 | $ | 3,411,738 | $ | 3,403,149 | $ | 3,440,798 | $ | 3,349,039 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Goodwill | (69,021) | (69,021) | (69,021) | (69,021) | (69,021) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intangible assets (excluding MSRs) | (1,821) | (1,841) | (1,860) | (1,880) | (1,899) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Related deferred tax liabilities | 821 | 825 | 828 | 842 | 846 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tangible assets | $ | 3,426,165 | $ | 3,341,701 | $ | 3,333,096 | $ | 3,370,739 | $ | 3,278,965 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)For more information on non-GAAP financial measures and ratios we use in assessing the results of the Corporation, see Supplemental Financial Data on page 5.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
See Market Risk Management on page 38 in the MD&A and the sections referenced therein for Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this report, the Corporation’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness and design of the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures (as that term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act). Based upon that evaluation, the Corporation’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective, as of the end of the period covered by this report.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during the three months ended March 31, 2026, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting.
43 Bank of America | ||||||||
Part I. Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements
Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statement of Income | |||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31 | |||||||||||
| (In millions, except per share information) | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||
| Net interest income | |||||||||||
| Interest income | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Interest expense | |||||||||||
| Net interest income | |||||||||||
| Noninterest income | |||||||||||
| Fees and commissions | |||||||||||
| Market making and similar activities | |||||||||||
| Other income (loss) | |||||||||||
| Total noninterest income | |||||||||||
| Total revenue, net of interest expense | |||||||||||
| Provision for credit losses | |||||||||||
| Noninterest expense | |||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||
| Information processing and communications | |||||||||||
| Occupancy and equipment | |||||||||||
| Product delivery and transaction related | |||||||||||
| Professional fees | |||||||||||
| Marketing | |||||||||||
| Other general operating | |||||||||||
| Total noninterest expense | |||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | |||||||||||
| Income tax expense | |||||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | |||||||||
Preferred stock dividends and other | |||||||||||
| Net income applicable to common shareholders | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Per common share information | |||||||||||
| Earnings | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Diluted earnings | |||||||||||
| Average common shares issued and outstanding | |||||||||||
| Average diluted common shares issued and outstanding | |||||||||||
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income | |||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31 | |||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net-of-tax: | |||||||||||
| Net change in debt securities | ( | ||||||||||
| Net change in debit valuation adjustments | |||||||||||
| Net change in derivatives | ( | ||||||||||
| Employee benefit plan adjustments | |||||||||||
| Net change in foreign currency translation adjustments | |||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | ( | ||||||||||
Comprehensive income | $ | $ | |||||||||
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Bank of America 44 | ||||||||
Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheet | ||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | ||||||||||||
| Assets | ||||||||||||||
| Cash and due from banks | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve, non-U.S. central banks and other banks | ||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | ||||||||||||||
| Time deposits placed and other short-term investments | ||||||||||||||
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell (includes $ | ||||||||||||||
Trading account assets (includes $ | ||||||||||||||
| Derivative assets | ||||||||||||||
| Debt securities: | ||||||||||||||
| Carried at fair value | ||||||||||||||
Held-to-maturity, at amortized cost (fair value $ | ||||||||||||||
| Total debt securities | ||||||||||||||
Loans and leases (includes $ | ||||||||||||||
| Allowance for loan and lease losses | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Loans and leases, net of allowance | ||||||||||||||
| Premises and equipment, net | ||||||||||||||
| Goodwill | ||||||||||||||
Loans held-for-sale (includes $ | ||||||||||||||
| Customer and other receivables | ||||||||||||||
Other assets (includes $ | ||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Liabilities | ||||||||||||||
| Deposits in U.S. offices: | ||||||||||||||
| Noninterest-bearing | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Interest-bearing (includes $ | ||||||||||||||
| Deposits in non-U.S. offices: | ||||||||||||||
| Noninterest-bearing | ||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing | ||||||||||||||
| Total deposits | ||||||||||||||
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase (includes $ | ||||||||||||||
| Trading account liabilities | ||||||||||||||
| Derivative liabilities | ||||||||||||||
Short-term borrowings (includes $ | ||||||||||||||
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (includes $ and $ | ||||||||||||||
Long-term debt (includes $ | ||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | ||||||||||||||
Commitments and contingencies (Note 6 – Securitizations and Other Variable Interest Entities and Note 10 – Commitments and Contingencies) | ||||||||||||||
| Shareholders’ equity | ||||||||||||||
Preferred stock, $ | ||||||||||||||
Common stock and additional paid-in capital, $ issued and outstanding – | ||||||||||||||
| Retained earnings | ||||||||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Total shareholders’ equity | ||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Assets of consolidated variable interest entities included in total assets above (isolated to settle the liabilities of the variable interest entities) | ||||||||||||||
| Trading account assets | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Loans and leases | ||||||||||||||
| Allowance for loan and lease losses | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Loans and leases, net of allowance | ||||||||||||||
| All other assets | ||||||||||||||
| Total assets of consolidated variable interest entities | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Liabilities of consolidated variable interest entities included in total liabilities above | ||||||||||||||
Short-term borrowings (includes $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Long-term debt (includes $ | ||||||||||||||
All other liabilities (includes $ | ||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities of consolidated variable interest entities | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
45 Bank of America | ||||||||
| Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred Stock | Common Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Total Shareholders’ Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | Shares | Amount | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2024 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net change in debt securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net change in debit valuation adjustments | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net change in derivatives | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Employee benefit plan adjustments | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net change in foreign currency translation adjustments | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends declared: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Redemption of preferred stock | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock issued under employee plans, net, and other | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock repurchased | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, March 31, 2025 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2025 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net change in debt securities | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net change in debit valuation adjustments | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net change in derivatives | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Employee benefit plan adjustments | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net change in foreign currency translation adjustments | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends declared: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Redemption of preferred stock | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock issued under employee plans, net, and other | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock repurchased | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, March 31, 2026 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Bank of America 46 | ||||||||
Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries
| | |||||||||||
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows | |||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31 | |||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||
| Operating activities | |||||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | |||||||||||
| Provision for credit losses | |||||||||||
| (Gains) losses on sales of debt securities | ( | ||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | |||||||||||
| Net accretion of discount/premium on debt securities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Deferred income taxes | ( | ||||||||||
| Amortization of stock-based compensation | |||||||||||
| Net change in: | |||||||||||
| Trading and derivative assets/liabilities | ( | ||||||||||
Loans held-for-sale | ( | ||||||||||
| Other assets | |||||||||||
| Accrued expenses and other liabilities | ( | ||||||||||
| Other operating activities, net | |||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | ( | ||||||||||
| Investing activities | |||||||||||
| Net change in: | |||||||||||
| Time deposits placed and other short-term investments | ( | ||||||||||
| Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Debt securities carried at fair value: | |||||||||||
| Proceeds from sales | |||||||||||
| Proceeds from paydowns and maturities | |||||||||||
| Purchases | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Held-to-maturity debt securities: | |||||||||||
| Proceeds from paydowns and maturities | |||||||||||
| Loans and leases: | |||||||||||
Proceeds from sales of loans originally classified as held for investment and instruments from related securitization activities | |||||||||||
| Purchases | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Other changes in loans and leases, net | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Other investing activities, net | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Financing activities | |||||||||||
| Net change in: | |||||||||||
| Deposits | |||||||||||
| Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase | |||||||||||
| Short-term borrowings | ( | ||||||||||
| Long-term debt: | |||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance | |||||||||||
| Retirement | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Preferred stock: | |||||||||||
| Redemption | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Common stock repurchased | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Cash dividends paid | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Other financing activities, net | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | |||||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | ( | ||||||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | ( | ||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at January 1 | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at March 31 | $ | $ | |||||||||
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
47 Bank of America | ||||||||
Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
NOTE 1 Summary of Significant Accounting Principles
Bank of America Corporation, a bank holding company and a financial holding company, provides a diverse range of financial services and products throughout the U.S. and in certain international markets. The term “the Corporation” as used herein may refer to Bank of America Corporation, individually, Bank of America Corporation and its subsidiaries, or certain of Bank of America Corporation’s subsidiaries or affiliates.
Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation
The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Corporation and its majority-owned subsidiaries and those variable interest entities (VIEs) where the Corporation is the primary beneficiary. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Results of operations of acquired companies are included from the dates of acquisition, and for VIEs, from the dates that the Corporation became the primary beneficiary. Assets held in an agency or fiduciary capacity are not included in the Consolidated Financial Statements. The Corporation accounts for investments in companies for which it
owns a voting interest and for which it has the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financing decisions using the equity method of accounting. These investments, which include the Corporation’s interests in affordable housing and renewable energy partnerships, are recorded in other assets. Equity method investments are subject to impairment testing, and the Corporation’s proportionate share of income or loss is included in other income.
The preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts and disclosures. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates and assumptions.
These unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements, and related notes thereto, of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The nature of the Corporation’s business is such that the results of any interim period are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, which consist of normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the interim period results, have been made. The Corporation evaluates subsequent events through the date of filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
Bank of America 48 | ||||||||
NOTE 2 Net Interest Income and Noninterest Income
The table below presents the Corporation’s net interest income and noninterest income disaggregated by revenue source for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. For more information, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K. For a disaggregation of noninterest income by business segment and All Other, see Note 17 – Business Segment Information.
| Three Months Ended March 31 | |||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||
| Net interest income | |||||||||||
| Interest income | |||||||||||
| Loans and leases | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Debt securities | |||||||||||
| Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell | |||||||||||
| Trading account assets | |||||||||||
Other interest income (1) | |||||||||||
| Total interest income | |||||||||||
| Interest expense | |||||||||||
| Deposits | |||||||||||
| Short-term borrowings | |||||||||||
| Trading account liabilities | |||||||||||
| Long-term debt | |||||||||||
| Total interest expense | |||||||||||
| Net interest income | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Noninterest income | |||||||||||
| Fees and commissions | |||||||||||
| Card income | |||||||||||
Interchange fees (2) | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Other card income | |||||||||||
| Total card income | |||||||||||
| Service charges | |||||||||||
| Deposit-related fees | |||||||||||
| Lending-related fees | |||||||||||
| Total service charges | |||||||||||
| Investment and brokerage services | |||||||||||
| Asset management fees | |||||||||||
| Brokerage fees | |||||||||||
| Total investment and brokerage services | |||||||||||
| Investment banking fees | |||||||||||
| Underwriting income | |||||||||||
| Syndication fees | |||||||||||
| Financial advisory services | |||||||||||
| Total investment banking fees | |||||||||||
| Total fees and commissions | |||||||||||
| Market making and similar activities | |||||||||||
| Other income (loss) | |||||||||||
| Total noninterest income | $ | $ | |||||||||
(1)Includes interest income on interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve, non-U.S. central banks and other banks of $2.1 billion and $2.8 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.
(2)Gross interchange fees and merchant income were $3.4 billion and $3.3 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, and are presented net of $2.5 billion and $2.4 billion of expenses for rewards and partner payments as well as certain other card costs for the same periods.
49 Bank of America | ||||||||
NOTE 3 Derivatives
Derivative Balances
Derivatives are entered into on behalf of customers, for trading or to support risk management activities. Derivatives used in risk management activities include derivatives that may or may not be designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships. Derivatives that are not designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships are referred to as other risk management derivatives. For more information on the Corporation’s derivatives and hedging activities, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles and Note 3 –
Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The following tables present derivative instruments included on the Consolidated Balance Sheet in derivative assets and liabilities at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. Balances are presented on a gross basis, prior to the application of counterparty and cash collateral netting. Total derivative assets and liabilities are adjusted on an aggregate basis to take into consideration the effects of legally enforceable master netting agreements and have been reduced by cash collateral received or paid.
| March 31, 2026 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross Derivative Assets | Gross Derivative Liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in billions) | Contract/ Notional (1) | Trading and Other Risk Management Derivatives | Qualifying Accounting Hedges | Total | Trading and Other Risk Management Derivatives | Qualifying Accounting Hedges | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate contracts | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Swaps | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Futures and forwards | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Written options (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Purchased options (3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange contracts | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Swaps | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spot, futures and forwards | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Written options (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Purchased options (3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity contracts | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Swaps | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Futures and forwards | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Written options (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Purchased options (3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commodity contracts | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Swaps | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Futures and forwards | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Written options (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Purchased options (3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit derivatives (4) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchased credit derivatives: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit default swaps | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total return swaps/options | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Written credit derivatives: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit default swaps | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total return swaps/options | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross derivative assets/liabilities | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Legally enforceable master netting agreements | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Cash collateral received/paid | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total derivative assets/liabilities | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Represents the total contract/notional amount of derivative assets and liabilities outstanding.
(2)Includes certain out-of-the-money purchased options that have a liability amount primarily due to the deferral of option premiums to the end of the contract.
(3)Includes certain out-of-the-money written options that have an asset amount primarily due to the deferral of option premiums to the end of the contract.
(4)The net derivative asset (liability) and notional amount of written credit derivatives for which the Corporation held purchased credit derivatives with identical underlying referenced names were $476 million and $549.7 billion, respectively, at March 31, 2026.
Bank of America 50 | ||||||||
| December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross Derivative Assets | Gross Derivative Liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in billions) | Contract/ Notional (1) | Trading and Other Risk Management Derivatives | Qualifying Accounting Hedges | Total | Trading and Other Risk Management Derivatives | Qualifying Accounting Hedges | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate contracts | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Swaps | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Futures and forwards | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Written options (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Purchased options (3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange contracts | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Swaps | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spot, futures and forwards | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Written options (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Purchased options (3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity contracts | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Swaps | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Futures and forwards | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Written options (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Purchased options (3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commodity contracts | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Swaps | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Futures and forwards | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Written options (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Purchased options (3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit derivatives (4) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchased credit derivatives: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit default swaps | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total return swaps/options | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Written credit derivatives: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit default swaps | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total return swaps/options | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross derivative assets/liabilities | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Legally enforceable master netting agreements | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Cash collateral received/paid | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total derivative assets/liabilities | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Represents the total contract/notional amount of derivative assets and liabilities outstanding.
(2)Includes certain out-of-the-money purchased options that have a liability amount primarily due to the deferral of option premiums to the end of the contract.
(3)Includes certain out-of-the-money written options that have an asset amount primarily due to the deferral of option premiums to the end of the contract.
(4)The net derivative asset (liability) and notional amount of written credit derivatives for which the Corporation held purchased credit derivatives with identical underlying referenced names were $1.0 billion and $421.3 billion, respectively, at December 31, 2025.
Offsetting of Derivatives
The Corporation enters into International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. (ISDA) master netting agreements or similar agreements with substantially all of the Corporation’s derivative counterparties. For more information, see Note 3 – Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The following table presents derivative instruments included in derivative assets and liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 by primary risk (e.g., interest rate risk) and the platform, where applicable,
on which these derivatives are transacted. Balances are presented on a gross basis, prior to the application of counterparty and cash collateral netting. Total gross derivative assets and liabilities are adjusted on an aggregate basis to take into consideration the effects of legally enforceable master netting agreements, which include reducing the balance for counterparty netting and cash collateral received or paid.
For more information on offsetting of securities financing agreements, see Note 9 – Securities Financing Agreements, Collateral and Restricted Cash.
51 Bank of America | ||||||||
Offsetting of Derivatives (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivative Assets | Derivative Liabilities | Derivative Assets | Derivative Liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in billions) | March 31, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate contracts | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Over-the-counter | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange-traded | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Over-the-counter cleared | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange contracts | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Over-the-counter | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Over-the-counter cleared | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity contracts | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Over-the-counter | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange-traded | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commodity contracts | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Over-the-counter | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange-traded | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Over-the-counter cleared | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit derivatives | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Over-the-counter | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total gross derivative assets/liabilities, before netting | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Over-the-counter | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange-traded | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Over-the-counter cleared | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Legally enforceable master netting agreements and cash collateral received/paid | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Over-the-counter | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange-traded | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Over-the-counter cleared | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Derivative assets/liabilities, after netting | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Other gross derivative assets/liabilities (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total derivative assets/liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Less: Financial instruments collateral (3) | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total net derivative assets/liabilities | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
(1)Over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives include bilateral transactions between the Corporation and a particular counterparty. Over-the-counter cleared derivatives include bilateral transactions between the Corporation and a counterparty where the transaction is cleared through a clearinghouse. Exchange-traded derivatives include listed options transacted on an exchange.
(2)Consists of derivatives entered into under master netting agreements where the enforceability of these agreements is uncertain under bankruptcy laws in some countries or industries.
(3)Amounts are limited to the derivative asset/liability balance and, accordingly, do not include excess collateral received/pledged. Financial instruments collateral includes securities received or pledged and cash securities held and posted at third-party custodians that are not offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet but shown as a reduction to derive net derivative assets and liabilities.
Derivatives Designated as Accounting Hedges
The Corporation uses various types of interest rate and foreign exchange derivative contracts to protect against changes in the fair value of its assets and liabilities due to fluctuations in interest rates and foreign exchange rates (fair value hedges). The Corporation also uses these types of contracts to protect against changes in the cash flows of its assets and liabilities, and other forecasted transactions (cash flow hedges). The Corporation hedges its net investment in consolidated non-U.S.
operations determined to have functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar using forward exchange contracts and cross-currency basis swaps, and by issuing foreign currency- denominated debt (net investment hedges).
Fair Value Hedges
The table below summarizes information related to fair value hedges for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.
| Gains and Losses on Derivatives and Hedged Items Designated in Fair Value Hedges | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | Derivative | Hedged Item | Derivative | Hedged Item | |||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate risk on long-term debt (1) | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||
Interest rate and foreign currency risk (2) | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate risk on available-for-sale securities (3) | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
Price risk on commodity inventory (4) | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||
(1)Amounts are recorded in interest expense in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
(2)Represents cross-currency interest rate swaps related to available-for-sale debt securities and long-term debt. For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the derivative amount includes gains (losses) of $2 million and $9 million in interest income, $81 million and $(210 ) million in market making and similar activities, and $(4 ) million and $(1 ) million in accumulated other comprehensive income (OCI). Line item totals are in the Consolidated Statement of Income and on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
(3)Amounts are recorded in interest income in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
(4)Amounts are recorded in market making and similar activities in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
Bank of America 52 | ||||||||
hedged period. Instead, the open hedges have the effect of synthetically converting the hedged assets and liabilities into variable-rate instruments. If an open hedge is de-designated prior to the derivative’s maturity, any cumulative fair value adjustments at the de-designation date are then amortized or accreted into earnings over the remaining life of the hedged assets or liabilities.
| Designated Fair Value Hedged Assets and Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | Carrying Value | Cumulative Fair Value Adjustments (1) | Carrying Value | Cumulative Fair Value Adjustments (1) | |||||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||
Available-for-sale debt securities (2, 3) | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Trading account assets (4) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Increase (decrease) to carrying value.
(2)These amounts include the amortized cost of the financial assets in closed portfolios used to designate hedging relationships in which the hedged item is a stated layer that is expected to be remaining at the end of the hedging relationship (i.e. portfolio layer hedging relationship). At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the amortized cost of the closed portfolios used in these hedging relationships was $46.1 billion and $35.8 billion, of which $26.6 billion and $23.7 billion were designated in a portfolio layer hedging relationship. At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the cumulative adjustment associated with these hedging relationships was a decrease of $193 million and $46 million.
(3)Carrying value represents amortized cost.
(4)Represents hedging activities related to certain commodities inventory.
At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the fair value adjustments from de-designated long-term debt hedges decreased the long-term debt carrying value by $12.4 billion and $12.9 billion. The fair value adjustments from de-designated available-for-sale (AFS) debt securities hedges decreased the AFS debt securities carrying value by $1.5 billion and $2.7 billion at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. The fair value adjustments are being amortized or accreted into interest over the contractual lives of the assets or liabilities.
Cash Flow and Net Investment Hedges
The table below summarizes certain information related to cash flow hedges and net investment hedges for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. Of the $2.6 billion after-tax net loss ($3.5 billion pretax) on derivatives in accumulated OCI
at March 31, 2026, losses of $2.0 billion after-tax ($2.7 billion pretax) related to both open and closed cash flow hedges are expected to be reclassified into earnings in the next 12 months. These net losses reclassified into earnings are expected to primarily decrease net interest income related to the respective hedged items. For open cash flow hedges, the maximum length of time over which forecasted transactions are hedged is approximately three years . For terminated cash flow hedges, the time period over which the forecasted transactions will be recognized in interest income is approximately two years , with the aggregated amount beyond this time period being insignificant.
| Gains and Losses on Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow and Net Investment Hedges | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gains (Losses) Recognized in Accumulated OCI on Derivatives | Gains (Losses) in Income Reclassified from Accumulated OCI | Gains (Losses) Recognized in Accumulated OCI on Derivatives | Gains (Losses) in Income Reclassified from Accumulated OCI | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions, amounts pretax) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash flow hedges | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate risk on variable-rate portfolios (1) | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||
Price risk on forecasted MBS purchases (1) | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
Price risk on certain compensation plans (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Net investment hedges | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange risk (3) | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
(1)Amounts reclassified from accumulated OCI are recorded in interest income and market making and similar activities in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
(2)Amounts reclassified from accumulated OCI are recorded in compensation and benefits expense in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
(3)Amounts reclassified from accumulated OCI are recorded in other income in the Consolidated Statement of Income. For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, amounts excluded from effectiveness testing and recognized in market making and similar activities were gains of $38 million and $2 million.
53 Bank of America | ||||||||
Other Risk Management Derivatives
Other risk management derivatives are used by the Corporation to reduce certain risk exposures by economically hedging various assets and liabilities. The table below presents gains (losses) on these derivatives for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. These gains (losses) are largely offset by the income or expense recorded on the hedged item.
Gains and Losses on Other Risk Management Derivatives | |||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31 | |||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||
Interest rate risk on mortgage activities (1, 2) | $ | $ | |||||||||
Credit risk on loans (2) | |||||||||||
Interest rate and foreign currency risk on asset and liability management activities (3) | ( | ( | |||||||||
Price risk on certain compensation plans (4) | ( | ( | |||||||||
(1)Includes hedges of interest rate risk on mortgage servicing rights (MSRs) and interest rate lock commitments (IRLCs) to originate mortgage loans that will be held for sale.
(2)Gains (losses) on these derivatives are recorded in other income.
(3)Gains (losses) on these derivatives are recorded in market making and similar activities.
(4)Gains (losses) on these derivatives are recorded in compensation and benefits expense.
Transfers of Financial Assets with Risk Retained through Derivatives
The Corporation enters into certain transactions involving the transfer of financial assets that are accounted for as sales where substantially all of the economic exposure to the transferred financial assets is retained through derivatives (e.g., interest rate and/or credit), but the Corporation does not retain control over the assets transferred. At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Corporation had transferred $4.1 billion and $3.9 billion of non-U.S. government-guaranteed mortgage-backed securities to a third-party trust and retained economic exposure to the transferred assets through derivative contracts. In connection with these transfers, the Corporation received gross cash proceeds of $4.1 billion and $3.9 billion at the transfer dates. At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the fair value of the transferred securities was $4.0 billion and $3.8 billion.
Sales and Trading Revenue
The Corporation enters into trading derivatives to facilitate client transactions and to manage risk exposures arising from trading account assets and liabilities. It is the Corporation’s policy to include these derivative instruments in its trading activities, which include derivatives and non-derivative cash instruments. The resulting risk from these derivatives is managed on a portfolio basis as part of the Corporation’s Global Markets business segment. For more information on sales and trading revenue, see Note 3 – Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The table below, which includes both derivatives and non-derivative cash instruments, identifies the amounts in the respective income statement line items attributable to the Corporation’s sales and trading revenue in Global Markets, categorized by primary risk, for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. This table includes debit valuation adjustment (DVA) and funding valuation adjustment (FVA) gains (losses). Global Markets results in Note 17 – Business Segment Information are presented on a fully taxable-equivalent (FTE) basis. The table below is not presented on an FTE basis.
| Sales and Trading Revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market making and similar activities | Net Interest Income | Other (1) | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate risk | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange risk | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity risk | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit risk | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Other risk (2) | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total sales and trading revenue | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate risk | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange risk | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity risk | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit risk | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Other risk (2) | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Total sales and trading revenue | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
(1)Represents amounts in investment and brokerage services and other income that are recorded in Global Markets and included in the definition of sales and trading revenue. Includes investment and brokerage services revenue of $760 million and $626 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.
Credit Derivatives
The Corporation enters into credit derivatives primarily to facilitate client transactions and to manage credit risk exposures. Credit derivatives are classified as investment and non-investment grade based on the credit quality of the underlying referenced obligation. The Corporation considers ratings of BBB- or higher as investment grade. Non-investment grade includes non-rated credit derivative instruments. The Corporation discloses internal categorizations of investment grade and non-investment grade consistent with how risk is managed for these instruments. For more information on credit derivatives, see Note 3 – Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Credit derivative instruments where the Corporation is the seller of credit protection and their expiration at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 are summarized in the following table.
Bank of America 54 | ||||||||
| Credit Derivative Instruments | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than One Year | One to Three Years | Three to Five Years | Over Five Years | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, 2026 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | Carrying Value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit default swaps: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment grade | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-investment grade | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total return swaps/options: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment grade | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-investment grade | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total credit derivatives | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit-related notes: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment grade | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-investment grade | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total credit-related notes | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Maximum Payout/Notional | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit default swaps: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment grade | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-investment grade | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total return swaps/options: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment grade | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-investment grade | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total credit derivatives | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carrying Value | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit default swaps: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment grade | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-investment grade | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total return swaps/options: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment grade | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-investment grade | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total credit derivatives | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit-related notes: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment grade | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-investment grade | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total credit-related notes | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Maximum Payout/Notional | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit default swaps: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment grade | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-investment grade | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total return swaps/options: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment grade | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-investment grade | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total credit derivatives | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
The notional amount represents the maximum amount payable by the Corporation for most credit derivatives. However, the Corporation does not monitor its exposure to credit derivatives based solely on the notional amount because this measure does not take into consideration the probability of occurrence. As such, the notional amount is not a reliable indicator of the Corporation’s exposure to these contracts. Instead, a risk framework is used to define risk tolerances and establish limits so that certain credit risk-related losses occur within acceptable, predefined limits.
Credit-related notes in the table above include investments in securities issued by collateralized debt obligation (CDO), collateralized loan obligation (CLO) and credit-linked note
vehicles. These instruments are primarily classified as trading securities. The carrying value of these instruments equals the Corporation’s maximum exposure to loss. The Corporation is not obligated to make any payments to the entities under the terms of the securities owned.
Credit-related Contingent Features and Collateral
Certain of the Corporation’s derivative contracts contain credit risk-related contingent features, primarily in the form of ISDA master netting agreements and credit support documentation that enhance the creditworthiness of these instruments compared to other obligations of the respective counterparty with whom the Corporation has transacted. These contingent features may be for the benefit of the Corporation as well as its
55 Bank of America | ||||||||
counterparties with respect to changes in the Corporation’s creditworthiness and the mark-to-market exposure under the derivative transactions. At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Corporation held cash and securities collateral of $126.0 billion and $119.7 billion and posted cash and securities collateral of $94.7 billion and $97.8 billion in the normal course of business under derivative agreements, excluding cross-product margining agreements where clients are permitted to margin on a net basis for both derivative and secured financing arrangements.
In connection with certain OTC derivative contracts and other trading agreements, the Corporation can be required to provide additional collateral or to terminate transactions with certain counterparties in the event of a downgrade of the senior debt ratings of the Corporation or certain subsidiaries. The amount of additional collateral required depends on the contract and is usually a fixed incremental amount and/or the market value of the exposure. For more information on credit-related contingent features and collateral, see Note 3 – Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
At March 31, 2026, the amount of collateral, calculated based on the terms of the contracts, that the Corporation and certain subsidiaries could be required to post to counterparties but had not yet posted to counterparties was $4.9 billion, including $2.5 billion for Bank of America, National Association (BANA).
Some counterparties are currently able to unilaterally terminate certain contracts, or the Corporation or certain subsidiaries may be required to take other action such as find a suitable replacement or obtain a guarantee. At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the liability recorded for these derivative contracts was not significant.
The following table presents the amount of additional collateral that would have been contractually required by derivative contracts and other trading agreements at March 31, 2026 if the rating agencies had downgraded their long-term senior debt ratings for the Corporation or certain subsidiaries by one incremental notch and by an additional second incremental notch. The table also presents derivative liabilities that would be subject to unilateral termination by counterparties upon downgrade of the Corporation's or certain subsidiaries’ long-term senior debt ratings.
| Additional Collateral Required to be Posted and Derivative Liabilities Subject to Unilateral Termination Upon Downgrade at March 31, 2026 | |||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | One Incremental Notch | Second Incremental Notch | |||||||||
| Additional collateral required to be posted upon downgrade | |||||||||||
| Bank of America Corporation | $ | $ | |||||||||
Bank of America, N.A. and subsidiaries (1) | |||||||||||
| Derivative liabilities subject to unilateral termination upon downgrade | |||||||||||
| Derivative liabilities | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Collateral posted | |||||||||||
(1)Included in Bank of America Corporation collateral requirements in this table.
Valuation Adjustments on Derivatives
The table below presents credit valuation adjustment (CVA), DVA and FVA gains (losses) on derivatives (excluding the effect of any related hedge activities), which are recorded in market making and similar activities, for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. For more information on the valuation adjustments on derivatives, see Note 3 – Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Valuation Adjustments Gains (Losses) on Derivatives (1) | |||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31 | |||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||
| Derivative assets (CVA) | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||
Derivative assets/liabilities (FVA) | ( | ||||||||||
| Derivative liabilities (DVA) | |||||||||||
(1)At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, cumulative CVA reduced the derivative assets balance by $412 million and $336 million, cumulative FVA reduced the net derivative balance by $104 million and $116 million and cumulative DVA reduced the derivative liabilities balance by $363 million and $270 million.
Bank of America 56 | ||||||||
NOTE 4 Securities
The table below presents the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of AFS debt securities, other debt securities carried at fair value and held-to-maturity (HTM) debt securities at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
| Debt Securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortized Cost | Gross Unrealized Gains | Gross Unrealized Losses | Fair Value | Amortized Cost | Gross Unrealized Gains | Gross Unrealized Losses | Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Available-for-sale debt securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage-backed securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agency | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-agency residential (1) | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total mortgage-backed securities | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury and government agencies | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. securities | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other taxable securities | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax-exempt securities | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total available-for-sale debt securities | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other debt securities carried at fair value (2) | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total debt securities carried at fair value | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Held-to-maturity debt securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agency mortgage-backed securities | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury and government agencies | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other taxable securities | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total held-to-maturity debt securities | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total debt securities (3,4) | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)At both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the underlying collateral type included approximately 27 73
(2)Primarily includes non-U.S. securities used to satisfy certain international regulatory requirements. Any changes in value are reported in market making and similar activities. For detail on the components, see Note 14 – Fair Value Measurements.
(3)Includes securities pledged as collateral of $132.1 billion and $153.8 billion at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
(4)The Corporation held debt securities from Fannie Mae (FNMA) and Freddie Mac (FHLMC) that each exceeded 10 245.8 billion and $159.4 billion, and a fair value of $206.5 billion and $134.4 billion at March 31, 2026, and an amortized cost of $246.9 billion and $158.5 billion, and a fair value of $208.0 billion and $133.6 billion at December 31, 2025.
At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Corporation’s expected credit losses on AFS and HTM debt securities with a total amortized cost of $886.2 billion and $911.3 billion were not significant. Of these amounts, $835.9 billion and $863.7 billion of AFS and HTM debt securities were predominantly U.S. agency and U.S. Treasury securities and had a zero credit loss assumption as of the end of the same periods. At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, nonperforming AFS debt securities held by the Corporation were not significant. For more information on the zero credit loss assumption, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Corporation held equity securities at an aggregate fair value of $250 million and $253 million, respectively, and other equity securities, as valued under the measurement alternative, at a carrying value of $523 million and $479 million, respectively,
both of which are included in other assets. At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Corporation also held money market investments at a fair value of $1.3 billion and $1.2 billion, which are included in time deposits placed and other short-term investments.
The gross realized gains and losses on sales of AFS debt securities for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 are presented in the table below.
| Gains and Losses on Sales of AFS Debt Securities | |||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31 | |||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||
| Gross gains | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Gross losses | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Net gains (losses) on sales of AFS debt securities | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||
| Income tax expense (benefit) attributable to realized net gains (losses) on sales of AFS debt securities | $ | $ | |||||||||
57 Bank of America | ||||||||
The table below presents the fair value and the associated gross unrealized losses on AFS debt securities and whether these securities have had gross unrealized losses for less than 12 months or for 12 months or longer at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. Substantially all of the unrealized losses relate to debt securities that have a zero credit loss assumption.
Total AFS Debt Securities in a Continuous Unrealized Loss Position | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than Twelve Months | Twelve Months or Longer | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value | Gross Unrealized Losses | Fair Value | Gross Unrealized Losses | Fair Value | Gross Unrealized Losses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31, 2026 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Continuously unrealized loss-positioned AFS debt securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage-backed securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agency | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-agency residential | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total mortgage-backed securities | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury and government agencies | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. securities | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other taxable securities | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax-exempt securities | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total AFS debt securities in a continuous unrealized loss position | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Continuously unrealized loss-positioned AFS debt securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage-backed securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agency | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-agency residential | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total mortgage-backed securities | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury and government agencies | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. securities | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other taxable securities | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax-exempt securities | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total AFS debt securities in a continuous unrealized loss position | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bank of America 58 | ||||||||
The remaining contractual maturity distribution and yields of the Corporation’s debt securities carried at fair value and HTM debt securities at March 31, 2026 are summarized in the table below. Actual duration and yields may differ as prepayments on the loans underlying the mortgage-backed securities (MBS) or other asset-backed securities (ABS) are passed through to the Corporation.
| Maturities of Debt Securities Carried at Fair Value and Held-to-maturity Debt Securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Due in One Year or Less | Due after One Year through Five Years | Due after Five Years through Ten Years | Due after Ten Years | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | Amount | Yield (1) | Amount | Yield (1) | Amount | Yield (1) | Amount | Yield (1) | Amount | Yield (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortized cost of debt securities carried at fair value | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage-backed securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agency | $ | % | $ | % | $ | % | $ | % | $ | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-agency residential | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total mortgage-backed securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury and government agencies | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other taxable securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax-exempt securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total amortized cost of debt securities carried at fair value | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortized cost of HTM debt securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agency mortgage-backed securities | $ | % | $ | % | $ | % | $ | % | $ | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury and government agencies | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other taxable securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total amortized cost of HTM debt securities | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt securities carried at fair value | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage-backed securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agency | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-agency residential | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total mortgage-backed securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury and government agencies | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other taxable securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax-exempt securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total debt securities carried at fair value | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value of HTM debt securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agency mortgage-backed securities | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury and government agencies | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other taxable securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total fair value of HTM debt securities | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)The weighted-average yield is computed based on a constant effective yield over the contractual life of each security. The yield considers the contractual coupon and the amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts, excluding the effect of related open hedging derivatives.
59 Bank of America | ||||||||
NOTE 5 Outstanding Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses
The following tables present total outstanding loans and leases and an aging analysis for the Consumer Real Estate, Credit Card and Other Consumer, and Commercial portfolio segments, by class of financing receivables, at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
30-59 Days Past Due (1) | 60-89 Days Past Due (1) | 90 Days or More Past Due (1) | Total Past Due 30 Days or More | Total Current or Less Than 30 Days Past Due (1) | Loans Accounted for Under the Fair Value Option | Total Outstandings | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31, 2026 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consumer real estate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential mortgage | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Home equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit card and other consumer | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit card | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Direct/Indirect consumer (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other consumer | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total consumer | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option (3) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total consumer loans and leases | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. commercial | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. commercial | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Commercial real estate (4) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial lease financing | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. small business commercial | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total commercial | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option (3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total commercial loans and leases | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total loans and leases (5) | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage of outstandings | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Consumer real estate loans 30-59 days past due includes fully-insured loans of $166 million and nonperforming loans of $159 million. Consumer real estate loans 60-89 days past due includes fully-insured loans of $53 million and nonperforming loans of $99 million. Consumer real estate loans 90 days or more past due includes fully-insured loans of $240 million and nonperforming loans of $777 million. Consumer real estate loans current or less than 30 days past due includes $1.5 billion, and direct/indirect consumer includes $61 million of nonperforming loans.
(2)Total outstandings primarily includes auto and specialty lending loans and leases of $53.9 billion, U.S. securities-based lending loans of $56.2 billion and non-U.S. consumer loans of $3.1 billion.
(3)Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option includes residential mortgage loans of $56 million and home equity loans of $102 million. Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option includes U.S. commercial loans of $2.5 billion and non-U.S. commercial loans of $1.1 billion. For more information, see Note 14 – Fair Value Measurements and Note 15 – Fair Value Option.
(4)Total outstandings includes U.S. commercial real estate loans of $64.2 billion and non-U.S. commercial real estate loans of $5.5 billion.
(5)Total outstandings includes loans and leases of $47.4 billion pledged as collateral to the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB). The Corporation also pledged $315.9 billion of loans with no related outstanding borrowings to secure potential borrowing capacity with the Federal Reserve Bank (FRB) and FHLB.
Bank of America 60 | ||||||||
30-59 Days Past Due (1) | 60-89 Days Past Due (1) | 90 Days or More Past Due (1) | Total Past Due 30 Days or More | Total Current or Less Than 30 Days Past Due (1) | Loans Accounted for Under the Fair Value Option | Total Outstandings | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consumer real estate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential mortgage | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Home equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit card and other consumer | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit card | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Direct/Indirect consumer (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other consumer | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total consumer | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option (3) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total consumer loans and leases | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. commercial | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. commercial | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Commercial real estate (4) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial lease financing | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. small business commercial | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total commercial | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option (3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total commercial loans and leases | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total loans and leases (5) | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage of outstandings | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Consumer real estate loans 30-59 days past due includes fully-insured loans of $179 million and nonperforming loans of $164 million. Consumer real estate loans 60-89 days past due includes fully-insured loans of $63 million and nonperforming loans of $105 million. Consumer real estate loans 90 days or more past due includes fully-insured loans of $207 million and nonperforming loans of $687 million. Consumer real estate loans current or less than 30 days past due includes $1.4 billion, and direct/indirect consumer includes $45 million of nonperforming loans.
(2)Total outstandings primarily includes auto and specialty lending loans and leases of $55.3 billion, U.S. securities-based lending loans of $55.0 billion and non-U.S. consumer loans of $3.0 billion.
(3)Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option includes residential mortgage loans of $58 million and home equity loans of $107 million. Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option includes U.S. commercial loans of $2.1 billion and non-U.S. commercial loans of $1.2 billion. For more information, see Note 14 – Fair Value Measurements and Note 15 – Fair Value Option.
(4)Total outstandings includes U.S. commercial real estate loans of $62.7 billion and non-U.S. commercial real estate loans of $6.0 billion.
(5)Total outstandings includes loans and leases of $39.5 billion pledged as collateral to the FHLB. The Corporation also pledged $313.7 billion of loans with no related outstanding borrowings to secure potential borrowing capacity with the FRB and FHLB.
The Corporation has entered into long-term credit protection agreements with FNMA and FHLMC on loans totaling $7.1 billion and $7.2 billion at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, providing full credit protection on residential mortgage loans that become severely delinquent. All of these loans are individually insured, and therefore the Corporation does not record an allowance for credit losses related to these loans.
Nonperforming Loans and Leases
Nonperforming loans were $5.8 3.2 2.7 billion and $2.6 billion at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 increased
$104 million driven by extended residential mortgage relief provided to borrowers for their home rebuilding efforts following the 2025 California wildfires.
The following table presents the Corporation’s nonperforming loans and leases and loans accruing past due 90 days or more at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. Nonperforming loans held-for-sale (LHFS) are excluded from nonperforming loans and leases, as they are recorded at either fair value or the lower of cost or fair value. For more information on the criteria for classification as nonperforming, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
61 Bank of America | ||||||||
| Credit Quality | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nonperforming Loans and Leases | Accruing Past Due 90 Days or More | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||
Residential mortgage (1) | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
With no related allowance (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Home equity (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
With no related allowance (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit Card | n/a | n/a | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Direct/indirect consumer | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total consumer | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. commercial | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. commercial | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial lease financing | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. small business commercial | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total commercial | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total nonperforming loans | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Percentage of outstanding loans and leases | % | % | % | % | |||||||||||||||||||
(1)Residential mortgage loans accruing past due 90 days or more are fully-insured loans. At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 residential mortgage included $115 million and $104 million of loans on which interest had been curtailed by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), and therefore were no longer accruing interest, although principal was still insured, and $125 million and $103 million of loans on which interest was still accruing.
(2)Primarily relates to loans for which the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral less any costs to sell is greater than the amortized cost of the loans as of the reporting date.
n/a = not applicable
Credit Quality Indicators
The Corporation monitors credit quality within its Consumer Real Estate, Credit Card and Other Consumer, and Commercial portfolio segments based on primary credit quality indicators. For more information on the portfolio segments, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Within the Consumer Real Estate portfolio segment, the primary credit quality indicators are refreshed loan-to-value (LTV) and refreshed Fair Isaac Corporation (FICO) score. Refreshed LTV measures the carrying value of the loan as a percentage of the value of the property securing the loan, refreshed quarterly. Home equity loans are evaluated using combined loan-to-value (CLTV), which measures the carrying value of the Corporation’s loan and available line of credit combined with any outstanding senior liens against the property as a percentage of the value of the property securing the loan, refreshed quarterly. FICO score measures the creditworthiness of the borrower based on the financial obligations of the borrower and the borrower’s credit history. FICO scores are typically refreshed quarterly or more frequently. Certain borrowers (e.g., borrowers that have had debts discharged in a
bankruptcy proceeding) may not have their FICO scores updated. FICO scores are also a primary credit quality indicator for the Credit Card and Other Consumer portfolio segment and the business card portfolio within U.S. small business commercial. Within the Commercial portfolio segment, loans are evaluated using the internal classifications of pass rated or reservable criticized as the primary credit quality indicators. The term reservable criticized refers to those commercial loans that are internally classified or listed by the Corporation as Special Mention, Substandard or Doubtful, which are asset quality categories defined by regulatory authorities. These assets have an elevated level of risk and may have a high probability of default or total loss. Pass rated refers to all loans not considered reservable criticized. In addition to these primary credit quality indicators, the Corporation uses other credit quality indicators for certain types of loans.
The following tables present certain credit quality indicators and gross charge-offs for the Corporation's Consumer Real Estate, Credit Card and Other Consumer, and Commercial portfolio segments by year of origination, except for revolving loans and revolving loans that were modified into term loans, which are shown on an aggregate basis at March 31, 2026.
Bank of America 62 | ||||||||
Residential Mortgage – Credit Quality Indicators By Vintage | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Term Loans by Origination Year | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | Total as of March 31, 2026 | 2026 | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | Prior | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential Mortgage | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Refreshed LTV | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than or equal to 90 percent | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greater than 90 percent but less than or equal to 100 percent | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greater than 100 percent | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fully-insured loans | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Residential Mortgage | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential Mortgage | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Refreshed FICO score | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than 620 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 660 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater than or equal to 660 and less than 740 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greater than or equal to 740 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fully-insured loans | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Residential Mortgage | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross charge-offs for the three months ended March 31, 2026 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Home Equity - Credit Quality Indicators | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | Home Equity Loans and Reverse Mortgages (1) | Revolving Loans | Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31, 2026 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Home Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Refreshed LTV | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than or equal to 90 percent | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Greater than 90 percent but less than or equal to 100 percent | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Greater than 100 percent | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Home Equity | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Home Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Refreshed FICO score | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than 620 | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 660 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater than or equal to 660 and less than 740 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Greater than or equal to 740 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Home Equity | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Gross charge-offs for the three months ended March 31, 2026 | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
(1)Includes reverse mortgages of $451 million and home equity loans of $230 million, which are no longer originated.
| Credit Card and Direct/Indirect Consumer – Credit Quality Indicators By Vintage | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Direct/Indirect | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Term Loans by Origination Year | Credit Card | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | Total Direct/ Indirect as of March 31, 2026 | Revolving Loans | 2026 | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | Prior | Total Credit Card as of March 31, 2026 | Revolving Loans | Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Refreshed FICO score | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than 620 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 660 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater than or equal to 660 and less than 740 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater than or equal to 740 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other internal credit metrics (2,3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total credit card and other consumer | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross charge-offs for the three months ended March 31, 2026 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Represents loans that were modified into term loans.
(2)Other internal credit metrics may include delinquency status, geography or other factors.
(3)Direct/indirect consumer includes $59.3 billion of securities-based lending, which is typically supported by highly liquid collateral with market value greater than or equal to the outstanding loan balance and therefore has minimal credit risk at March 31, 2026.
63 Bank of America | ||||||||
Commercial – Credit Quality Indicators By Vintage (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Term Loans | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | Total as of March 31, 2026 | 2026 | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | Prior | Revolving Loans | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Commercial | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk ratings | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pass rated | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reservable criticized | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total U.S. Commercial | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross charge-offs for the three months ended March 31, 2026 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. Commercial | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk ratings | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pass rated | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reservable criticized | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Non-U.S. Commercial | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross charge-offs for the three months ended March 31, 2026 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial Real Estate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk ratings | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pass rated | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reservable criticized | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Commercial Real Estate | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross charge-offs for the three months ended March 31, 2026 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial Lease Financing | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk ratings | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pass rated | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reservable criticized | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Commercial Lease Financing | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross charge-offs for the three months ended March 31, 2026 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Small Business Commercial (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk ratings | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pass rated | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reservable criticized | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total U.S. Small Business Commercial | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross charge-offs for the three months ended March 31, 2026 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross charge-offs for the three months ended March 31, 2026 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Excludes $3.6 billion of loans accounted for under the fair value option at March 31, 2026.
(2)Excludes U.S. Small Business Card loans of $11.3 billion. Refreshed FICO scores for this portfolio are $798 million for less than 620; $656 million for greater than or equal to 620 and less than 660; $3.7 billion for greater than or equal to 660 and less than 740; and $6.2 billion for greater than or equal to 740. Excludes U.S. Small Business Card loans gross charge-offs of $146 million.
Bank of America 64 | ||||||||
The following tables present certain credit quality indicators for the Corporation's Consumer Real Estate, Credit Card and Other Consumer, and Commercial portfolio segments by year of origination, except for revolving loans and revolving loans that were modified into term loans, which are shown on an aggregate basis at December 31, 2025.
Residential Mortgage – Credit Quality Indicators By Vintage | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Term Loans by Origination Year | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | Total as of December 31, 2025 | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | Prior | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential Mortgage | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Refreshed LTV | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than or equal to 90 percent | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greater than 90 percent but less than or equal to 100 percent | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greater than 100 percent | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fully-insured loans | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Residential Mortgage | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential Mortgage | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Refreshed FICO score | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than 620 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 660 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater than or equal to 660 and less than 740 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater than or equal to 740 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fully-insured loans | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Residential Mortgage | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2025 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Home Equity - Credit Quality Indicators | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | Home Equity Loans and Reverse Mortgages (1) | Revolving Loans | Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Home Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Refreshed LTV | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than or equal to 90 percent | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Greater than 90 percent but less than or equal to 100 percent | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Greater than 100 percent | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Home Equity | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Home Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Refreshed FICO score | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than 620 | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 660 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater than or equal to 660 and less than 740 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Greater than or equal to 740 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Home Equity | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2025 | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
(1)Includes reverse mortgages of $457 million and home equity loans of $240 million, which are no longer originated.
65 Bank of America | ||||||||
| Credit Card and Direct/Indirect Consumer – Credit Quality Indicators By Vintage | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Direct/Indirect | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Term Loans by Origination Year | Credit Card | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | Total Direct/Indirect as of December 31, 2025 | Revolving Loans | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | Prior | Total Credit Card as of December 31, 2025 | Revolving Loans | Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Refreshed FICO score | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than 620 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 660 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater than or equal to 660 and less than 740 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater than or equal to 740 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other internal credit metrics (2, 3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total credit card and other consumer | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2025 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Represents loans that were modified into term loans.
(2)Other internal credit metrics may include delinquency status, geography or other factors.
(3)Direct/indirect consumer includes $58.0 billion of securities-based lending, which is typically supported by highly liquid collateral with market value greater than or equal to the outstanding loan balance and therefore has minimal credit risk at December 31, 2025.
Commercial – Credit Quality Indicators By Vintage (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Term Loans | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | Total as of December 31, 2025 | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | Prior | Revolving Loans | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Commercial | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk ratings | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pass rated | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reservable criticized | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total U.S. Commercial | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2025 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. Commercial | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk ratings | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pass rated | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reservable criticized | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Non-U.S. Commercial | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2025 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial Real Estate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk ratings | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pass rated | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reservable criticized | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Commercial Real Estate | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2025 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial Lease Financing | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk ratings | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pass rated | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reservable criticized | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Commercial Lease Financing | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2025 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Small Business Commercial (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk ratings | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pass rated | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reservable criticized | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total U.S. Small Business Commercial | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2025 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2025 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Excludes $3.3 billion of loans accounted for under the fair value option at December 31, 2025.
(2) Excludes U.S. Small Business Card loans of $10.9 billion. Refreshed FICO scores for this portfolio are $785 million for less than 620; $651 million for greater than or equal to 620 and less than 660; $3.6 billion for greater than or equal to 660 and less than 740; and $5.9 billion greater than or equal to 740. Excludes U.S. Small Business Card loans gross charge-offs of $555 million.
Bank of America 66 | ||||||||
During the three months ended March 31, 2026, commercial reservable criticized utilized exposure decreased to $24.3 billion at March 31, 2026 from $24.7 billion (to 3.21 percent from 3.37 percent of total commercial reservable utilized exposure) at December 31, 2025, primarily driven by commercial real estate.
Loan Modifications to Borrowers in Financial Difficulty
As part of its credit risk management, the Corporation may modify a loan agreement with a borrower experiencing financial difficulties through a refinancing or restructuring of the borrower’s loan agreement (modification programs).
Consumer Real Estate
The following modification programs are offered for consumer real estate loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties.
Forbearance and Other Payment Plans: Forbearance plans generally consist of the Corporation suspending the borrower’s payments for a defined period, with those payments then due over a defined period of time or at the conclusion of the forbearance period. The aging status of a loan is generally frozen when it enters into a forbearance plan. If a borrower is unable to fulfill their obligations under the forbearance plans, they may be offered a trial offer or permanent modification.
Trial Offer and Permanent Modifications: Trial offer for modification plans generally consist of the Corporation offering a borrower modified loan terms that reduce their contractual payments temporarily over a -to-four-month trial period. If the customer successfully makes the modified payments during the trial period and formally accepts the modified terms, the modified loan terms become permanent. Some borrowers may enter into permanent modifications without a trial period. In a permanent modification, the borrower’s payment terms are typically modified in more than one manner, but generally include a term extension and an interest rate reduction. At times, the permanent modification may also include principal forgiveness and/or a deferral of past due principal and interest amounts to the end of the loan term. The combinations utilized are based on modifying the terms that give the borrower an improved ability to meet the contractual obligations. The term extensions granted for residential mortgage and home equity permanent modifications vary widely and can be up to 30 years, but most are in the range of 1 20
The table below provides the ending amortized cost of the Corporation’s consumer real estate loans modified during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.
Consumer Real Estate - Modifications to Borrowers in Financial Difficulty | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Forbearance and Other Payment Plans (1) | Permanent Modification | Total | As a % of Financing Receivables | ||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | March 31, 2026 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential Loans | $ | $ | $ | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Home Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential Loans | $ | $ | $ | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Home Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Limited to those modifications that had an other-than-insignificant delay in payment, including extended residential mortgage relief provided to borrowers for their home rebuilding efforts following the 2025 California wildfires.
The table below presents the financial effect of modified consumer real estate loans.
| Financial Effect of Modified Consumer Real Estate Loans | |||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31 | |||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||
| Forbearance and Other Payment Plans | |||||||||||
| Weighted-average duration | |||||||||||
| Residential Mortgage | |||||||||||
| Home Equity | n/m | n/m | |||||||||
| Permanent Modifications | |||||||||||
| Weighted-average Term Extension | |||||||||||
| Residential Mortgage | |||||||||||
| Home Equity | |||||||||||
| Weighted-average Interest Rate Reduction | |||||||||||
| Residential Mortgage | % | % | |||||||||
| Home Equity | % | % | |||||||||
n/m = not meaningful
For consumer real estate borrowers in financial difficulty that received a forbearance, trial or permanent modification, commitments to lend additional funds were not significant at March 31, 2026 and 2025.
67 Bank of America | ||||||||
The Corporation tracks the performance of modified loans to assess effectiveness of modification programs. If a forbearance plan results in an other‑than‑insignificant payment delay, whether at inception or due to a subsequent extension, the loan’s payment status is based on the original contractual terms. During the three months ended March 31, 2026 and
2025, defaults of residential and home equity loans that had been modified within 12 months were insignificant. The table below provides aging information as of March 31, 2026 and 2025 for consumer real estate loans that were modified over the last 12 months.
Consumer Real Estate - Payment Status of Modifications to Borrowers in Financial Difficulty | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current | 30–89 Days Past Due | 90+ Days Past Due | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31, 2026 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential mortgage | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Home equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential mortgage | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Home equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Consumer real estate foreclosed properties totaled $58 422 million and $411 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Corporation reclassified $11 million and $12 million of consumer real estate loans to foreclosed properties or, for properties acquired upon foreclosure of certain government-guaranteed loans (principally FHA-insured loans), to other assets. The reclassifications represent non-cash investing activities and, accordingly, are not reflected in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.
Credit Card and Other Consumer
Credit card and other consumer loans are primarily modified by placing the customer on a fixed payment plan with a significantly reduced fixed interest rate, with terms ranging from 6 months to 72 months, most of which had a 60-month term at March 31, 2026. In certain circumstances, the Corporation will forgive a portion of the outstanding balance if the borrower makes payments up to a set amount. The Corporation makes modifications directly with borrowers for loans held by the Corporation (internal programs) as well as through third-party renegotiation agencies that provide solutions to customers’ entire unsecured debt structures (external programs). The March 31, 2026 amortized cost of credit card and other consumer loans that were modified through these programs during the three months ended March 31, 2026 was $238 million compared to $217 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025. These modifications represented 0.11 17.74 percent and 18.37 percent, and principal forgiveness of $25
The Corporation tracks the performance of modified loans to assess effectiveness of modification programs. As of March 31, 2026 and 2025, defaults of credit card and other consumer loans that had been modified within 12 months were not significant. At March 31, 2026, modified credit card and other consumer loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty over the last 12 months totaled $715 million, of which $609 million were current, $59 million were 30-89 days past due, and $47 million were greater than 90 days past due. At March 31, 2025, modified credit card and other consumer loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty totaled $632 million, of which $530 million were current, $54 million were 30-89 days past due, and $48 million were greater than 90 days past due.
Commercial Loans
Modifications of loans to commercial borrowers experiencing financial difficulty are designed to reduce the Corporation’s loss exposure while providing borrowers with an opportunity to work through financial difficulties, often to avoid foreclosure or bankruptcy. Each modification is unique, reflects the borrower’s individual circumstances and is designed to benefit the borrower while mitigating the Corporation’s risk exposure. Commercial modifications are primarily term extensions and payment forbearances. Payment forbearances involve the Corporation forbearing its contractual right to collect certain payments or payment in full (maturity forbearance) for a defined period of time. Reductions in interest rates and principal forgiveness occur infrequently for commercial borrowers. Principal forgiveness may occur in connection with foreclosure, short sales or other settlement agreements, leading to termination or sale of the loan. The following table provides the ending amortized cost of commercial loans modified during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.
Bank of America 68 | ||||||||
| Commercial Loans - Modifications to Borrowers in Financial Difficulty | |||||||||||||||||
| Term Extension | Forbearances | Interest Rate Reduction | Total | As a % of Financing Receivables | |||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31, 2026 | ||||||||||||||||
| U.S. commercial | $ | $ | $ | $ | % | ||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. commercial | |||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | |||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||
| March 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||
| U.S. commercial | $ | $ | $ | $ | % | ||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. commercial | |||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | |||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||
Term extensions granted increased the weighted-average life of the impacted loans by 1.6 years for both the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. The weighted-average duration of loan payments deferred under the Corporation’s commercial loan forbearance program was 1.3 years and 8 months during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. The deferral period for loan payments can vary, but are mostly in the range of 8 months to two years . Modifications of loans to troubled borrowers for Commercial Lease Financing and U.S. Small Business Commercial were not significant during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.
The Corporation tracks the performance of modified loans to assess effectiveness of modification programs. During the three months ended March 31, 2026, defaults of commercial loans that had been modified within 12 months were $209 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, defaults of commercial loans that had been modified within the last 12 months were $444 million. The table below provides aging information as of March 31, 2026 and 2025 for commercial loans that were modified over the last 12 months.
Commercial - Payment Status of Modified Loans to Borrowers in Financial Difficulty | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current | 30–89 Days Past Due | 90+ Days Past Due | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31, 2026 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Commercial | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. Commercial | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Commercial Real Estate | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Commercial | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. Commercial | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial Real Estate | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Corporation had commitments to lend $477 million and $86 million to commercial borrowers experiencing financial difficulty whose loans were modified during the period.
Loans Held-for-sale
The Corporation had LHFS of $10.9 billion and $5.2 billion at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. Cash and non-cash proceeds from sales and paydowns of loans originally classified as LHFS were $6.8 billion and $13.9 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. Cash used for originations and purchases of LHFS totaled $12.5 billion and $10.5 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, non-cash net transfers into LHFS were not significant.
Accrued Interest Receivable
Accrued interest receivable for loans and leases and LHFS was $4.1 billion and $4.2 billion at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 and is reported in on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Outstanding credit card loan balances include unpaid principal, interest and fees. Credit card loans are not classified as nonperforming but are charged off no later than the end of
the month in which the account becomes 180 days past due, within 60 days after receipt of notification of death or bankruptcy, or upon confirmation of fraud. During the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Corporation reversed $222 million and $231 million of interest and fee income against the income statement line item in which it was originally recorded upon charge-off of the principal balance of the loan.
Allowance for Credit Losses
The allowance for credit losses is estimated using quantitative and qualitative methods that consider a variety of factors, such as historical loss experience, the current credit quality of the
69 Bank of America | ||||||||
portfolio and an economic outlook over the life of the loan. Qualitative reserves cover losses that are expected but, in the Corporation's assessment, may not adequately be reflected in the quantitative methods or the economic assumptions. The economic outlook is a significant factor and incorporates forward-looking information through the use of several macroeconomic scenarios in determining the weighted economic outlook over the forecasted life of the assets. These scenarios include key macroeconomic variables such as gross domestic product, unemployment rate, real estate prices and corporate bond spreads. The scenarios that are chosen each quarter and the weighting given to each scenario depend on a variety of factors including recent economic events, leading economic indicators, internal and third-party economist views, and industry trends. For more information on the Corporation's credit loss accounting policies including the allowance for credit losses, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The March 31, 2026 estimate for allowance for credit losses was based on various economic scenarios, including a baseline scenario derived from consensus estimates, an adverse scenario reflecting an extended moderate recession, a downside scenario reflecting continued inflation, a tail risk scenario similar to the severely adverse scenario used in stress testing and an upside scenario that considers the potential for improvement above the baseline scenario. The Corporation’s overall weighted economic outlook as of March 31, 2026 remained relatively stable as compared to the weighted economic outlook estimated as of December 31, 2025. The weighted economic outlook for the Corporation’s quantitative reserves assumes that the U.S. average unemployment rate will be approximately five percent in the fourth quarter of 2026 and will remain near this level through the fourth quarter of 2027. It also assumes U.S. real gross domestic product will grow at 1.5 percent and 1.8 percent year-over-year in the fourth quarters of 2026 and 2027.
The allowance for credit losses decreased $71 million from December 31, 2025 to $14.3 billion at March 31, 2026. The decrease in the allowance for credit losses was driven by continued improvement in credit card and commercial real estate, partially offset by loan growth and a qualitative reserve build related to uncertainties associated with the ongoing conflicts in the Middle East. The change in the allowance for credit losses was comprised of a net decrease of $55 million in the allowance for loan and lease losses and a decrease of $16 million in the reserve for unfunded lending commitments. The decrease in the allowance for credit losses was attributed to a decrease in the credit card and other consumer portfolios of $110 million, partially offset by an increase in the commercial portfolio of $25 million and the consumer real estate portfolio of $14 million.
The provision for credit losses decreased $143 million to $1.3 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025. The decline in the provision for credit losses was attributed to a decrease in consumer of $137 million and commercial of $6 million. The decrease in consumer was primarily driven by improvement in asset quality in credit card. The provision for credit losses in commercial was relatively unchanged, as loan growth and a qualitative reserve build related to uncertainties associated with the ongoing conflicts in the Middle East were largely offset by improvement in asset quality in commercial real estate.
Net charge-offs decreased $43 million to $1.4 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025. The decline in net charge-offs was attributed to a $60 million decrease in the consumer portfolio due to asset quality improvement in credit card, partially offset by a $17 million increase in the commercial portfolio primarily due to corporate and commercial lending.
The changes in the allowance for credit losses, including net charge-offs and provision for loan and lease losses, are detailed in the table below.
| Consumer Real Estate | Credit Card and Other Consumer | Commercial | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for loan and lease losses, January 1 | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Loans and leases charged off | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Recoveries of loans and leases previously charged off | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net charge-offs | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for loan and lease losses | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Allowance for loan and lease losses, March 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, January 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for unfunded lending commitments | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, March 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Allowance for credit losses, March 31 | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for loan and lease losses, January 1 | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Loans and leases charged off | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Recoveries of loans and leases previously charged off | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net charge-offs | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for loan and lease losses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Allowance for loan and lease losses, March 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, January 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for unfunded lending commitments | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, March 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Allowance for credit losses, March 31 | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Bank of America 70 | ||||||||
NOTE 6 Securitizations and Other Variable Interest Entities
The Corporation utilizes VIEs in the ordinary course of business to support its own and its customers’ financing and investing needs. The Corporation routinely securitizes loans and debt securities using VIEs as a source of funding for the Corporation and as a means of transferring the economic risk of the loans or debt securities to third parties. The assets are transferred into a trust or other securitization vehicle such that the assets are legally isolated from the creditors of the Corporation and are not available to satisfy its obligations. These assets can only be used to settle obligations of the trust or other securitization vehicle. The Corporation also administers, structures or invests in other VIEs including CDOs, investment vehicles and other entities. For more information on the Corporation’s use of VIEs, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles and Note 6 – Securitizations and Other Variable Interest Entities to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The tables in this Note present the assets and liabilities of consolidated and unconsolidated VIEs at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 in situations where the Corporation has a loan or security interest and involvement with transferred assets or if the Corporation otherwise has an additional interest in the VIE. The tables also present the Corporation’s maximum loss exposure at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 resulting from its involvement with consolidated VIEs and unconsolidated VIEs. The Corporation’s maximum loss exposure is based on the unlikely event that all of the assets in the VIEs become worthless and incorporates not only potential losses associated with assets recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet but also potential losses associated with off-balance sheet commitments, such as unfunded liquidity commitments and other contractual arrangements. The Corporation’s maximum loss exposure does not include losses previously recognized through write-downs of assets.
The Corporation invests in ABS, CLOs and other similar investments issued by third-party VIEs with which it has no other form of involvement other than a loan or debt security issued by the VIE. In addition, the Corporation also enters into certain commercial lending arrangements that may utilize VIEs for
activities secondary to the lending arrangement, for example to hold collateral. The Corporation’s maximum loss exposure to these VIEs is the investment balances. These securities and loans are included in Note 4 – Securities or Note 5 – Outstanding Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses and are not included in the following tables.
The Corporation did not provide financial support to consolidated or unconsolidated VIEs during the three months ended March 31, 2026 or the year ended December 31, 2025 that it was not previously contractually required to provide, nor does it intend to do so.
The Corporation had liquidity commitments, including written put options and collateral value guarantees, with certain unconsolidated VIEs of $1.2 billion and $1.1 billion at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
First-lien Mortgage Securitizations
As part of its mortgage banking activities, the Corporation securitizes a portion of the first-lien residential mortgage loans it originates or purchases from third parties, generally in the form of residential mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by government-sponsored enterprises, FNMA and FHLMC (collectively the GSEs), or the Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA) primarily in the case of FHA-insured and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)-guaranteed mortgage loans. Securitization usually occurs in conjunction with or shortly after origination or purchase, and the Corporation may also securitize loans held in its residential mortgage portfolio. In addition, the Corporation may, from time to time, securitize commercial mortgages it originates or purchases from other entities. The Corporation typically services the loans it securitizes. Further, the Corporation may retain beneficial interests in the securitization trusts including senior and subordinate securities and equity tranches issued by the trusts.
Except as described in Note 10 – Commitments and Contingencies, the Corporation does not provide guarantees or recourse to the securitization trusts other than standard representations and warranties.
The table below summarizes select information related to first-lien mortgage securitizations for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.
| First-lien Mortgage Securitizations | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential Mortgage - Agency | Commercial Mortgage | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||
Proceeds from loan sales (1) | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Gains (losses) on securitizations (2) | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
Repurchases from securitization trusts (3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)The Corporation transfers residential mortgage loans to securitizations sponsored primarily by the GSEs or GNMA in the normal course of business and primarily receives residential mortgage-backed securities in exchange. Substantially all of these securities are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy and are typically sold shortly after receipt.
(2)A majority of the first-lien residential mortgage loans securitized are initially classified as LHFS and accounted for under the fair value option. Gains recognized on these LHFS prior to securitization, which totaled $13 million and $6 million, net of hedges, during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, are not included in the table above.
(3)The Corporation may have the option to repurchase delinquent loans out of securitization trusts, which reduces the amount of servicing advances it is required to make. The Corporation may also repurchase loans from securitization trusts to perform modifications. Repurchased loans include FHA-insured mortgages collateralizing GNMA securities.
The Corporation recognizes consumer MSRs from the sale or securitization of consumer real estate loans. The unpaid principal balance of loans serviced for investors, including residential mortgage and home equity loans, totaled $77.8 billion and $82.7 billion at March 31, 2026 and 2025. Servicing fee and ancillary fee income on serviced loans was $50 million
and $55 million during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. Servicing advances on serviced loans, including loans serviced for others and loans held for investment, were $840 million and $894 million at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. For more information on MSRs, see Note 14 – Fair Value Measurements.
71 Bank of America | ||||||||
Home Equity Loans
The Corporation retains interests, primarily senior securities, in home equity securitization trusts to which it transferred home equity loans. In addition, the Corporation may be obligated to provide subordinate funding to the trusts during a rapid amortization event. This obligation is included in the maximum loss exposure in the preceding table. The charges that will ultimately be recorded as a result of the rapid amortization events depend on the undrawn portion of the home equity lines
of credit, performance of the loans, the amount of subsequent draws and the timing of related cash flows.
Mortgage and Home Equity Securitizations
The table below summarizes select information related to mortgage and home equity securitization trusts in which the Corporation held a variable interest and had continuing involvement at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
| Mortgage and Home Equity Securitizations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential Mortgage | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-agency | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agency | Prime and Alt-A | Subprime | Home Equity (1) | Commercial Mortgage | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unconsolidated VIEs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Maximum loss exposure (2) | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
On-balance sheet assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Senior securities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trading account assets | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Debt securities carried at fair value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Held-to-maturity securities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| All other assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total retained positions | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Principal balance outstanding (3) | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated VIEs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Maximum loss exposure (2) | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
On-balance sheet assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trading account assets | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans and leases | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for loan and lease losses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| All other assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)For unconsolidated home equity loan VIEs, the maximum loss exposure includes outstanding trust certificates issued by trusts in rapid amortization, net of recorded reserves. For both consolidated and unconsolidated home equity loan VIEs, the maximum loss exposure excludes the reserve for representations and warranties obligations and corporate guarantees. For more information, see Note 10 – Commitments and Contingencies.
(2)Maximum loss exposure includes obligations under loss-sharing reinsurance and other arrangements for non-agency residential mortgage and commercial mortgage securitizations, but excludes the reserve for representations and warranties obligations and corporate guarantees and also excludes servicing advances and other servicing rights and obligations. For more information, see Note 10 – Commitments and Contingencies and Note 14 – Fair Value Measurements.
(3)Principal balance outstanding includes loans where the Corporation was the transferor to securitization VIEs with which it has continuing involvement, which may include servicing the loans.
Other Asset-backed Securitizations
The following paragraphs summarize select information related to other asset-backed VIEs in which the Corporation had a variable interest at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
Credit Card and Automobile Loan Securitizations
The Corporation securitizes originated and purchased credit card and automobile loans as a source of financing. The loans are sold on a non-recourse basis to consolidated trusts. The securitizations are ongoing, whereas additional receivables will be funded into the trusts by either loan repayments or proceeds from securities issued to third parties, depending on the securitization structure. The Corporation’s continuing involvement with the securitization trusts includes servicing the receivables and holding various subordinated interests, including an undivided seller’s interest in the credit card receivables and owning certain retained interests.
At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the carrying values of the receivables in the trusts totaled $16.0 billion and $17.1 billion, which are included in loans and leases, and the carrying values of senior debt securities that were issued to third-party investors from the trusts totaled $6.1 billion and $6.4 billion, which are included in long-term debt.
Resecuritization Trusts
The Corporation transfers securities, typically MBS, into resecuritization VIEs generally at the request of customers seeking securities with specific characteristics. Generally, there are no significant ongoing activities performed in a resecuritization trust, and no single investor has the unilateral ability to liquidate the trust.
The Corporation resecuritized $12.2 billion and $11.4 billion of securities during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. Securities transferred into resecuritization VIEs were measured at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in market making and similar activities prior to the resecuritization and, accordingly, no gain or loss on sale was recorded. During the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, resecuritization proceeds included securities with an initial fair value of $843 million and $2.0 billion, of which substantially all of the securities were classified as trading account assets for both periods. Substantially all of the trading account securities carried at fair value were categorized as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy.
During the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Corporation’s deconsolidated resecuritization trusts were not significant.
Bank of America 72 | ||||||||
Customer VIEs
Customer VIEs include credit-linked, equity-linked and commodity-linked note VIEs, repackaging VIEs and asset acquisition VIEs, which are typically created on behalf of customers who wish to obtain market or credit exposure to a specific company, index, commodity or financial instrument.
The Corporation’s involvement in the VIE is limited to its loss exposure. The Corporation’s maximum loss exposure to consolidated and unconsolidated customer VIEs totaled $2.1 billion and $1.7 billion at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, including the notional amount of derivatives to which the Corporation is a counterparty, net of losses previously recorded, and the Corporation’s investment, if any, in securities issued by the VIEs.
Municipal Bond Trusts
The Corporation administers municipal bond trusts that hold highly-rated, long-term, fixed-rate municipal bonds. The trusts obtain financing by issuing floating-rate trust certificates that reprice on a weekly or other short-term basis to third-party investors.
The Corporation’s liquidity commitments to unconsolidated municipal bond trusts, including those for which the Corporation was transferor, totaled $3.0 9.3 years. There were no significant write-downs or downgrades of assets or issuers during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.
Collateralized Debt Obligation VIEs
The Corporation receives fees for structuring CDO VIEs, which hold diversified pools of fixed-income securities, typically corporate debt or ABS, which the CDO VIEs fund by issuing multiple tranches of debt and equity securities. CDOs are generally managed by third-party portfolio managers. The Corporation typically transfers assets to these CDOs, holds securities issued by the CDOs and may be a derivative
counterparty to the CDOs. The Corporation’s maximum loss exposure to consolidated and unconsolidated CDOs totaled $63 million and $60 million at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
Investment VIEs
The Corporation sponsors, invests in or provides financing, which may be in connection with the sale of assets, to a variety of investment VIEs that hold loans, real estate, debt securities or other financial instruments and are designed to provide the desired investment profile to investors or the Corporation. At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Corporation’s consolidated investment VIEs had total assets of $65 million and $58 million. The Corporation also held investments in unconsolidated VIEs with total assets of $31.0 billion and $30.0 billion at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. The Corporation’s maximum loss exposure associated with both consolidated and unconsolidated investment VIEs totaled $2.7 billion and $2.8 billion at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 comprised primarily of on-balance sheet assets less non-recourse liabilities.
Leveraged Lease Trusts
The Corporation’s net investment in consolidated leveraged lease trusts totaled $885 million and $850 million at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. The trusts hold long-lived equipment such as rail cars, power generation and distribution equipment, and commercial aircraft. The Corporation structures the trusts and holds a significant residual interest. The net investment represents the Corporation’s maximum loss exposure to the trusts in the unlikely event that the leveraged lease investments become worthless. Debt issued by the leveraged lease trusts is non-recourse to the Corporation.
The following table summarizes the maximum loss exposure and assets held by the Corporation that related to other asset-backed VIEs at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
73 Bank of America | ||||||||
| Other Asset-backed VIEs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit Card and Automobile (1) | Resecuritization Trusts and Customer VIEs | Municipal Bond Trusts and CDOs | Investment VIEs and Leveraged Lease Trusts | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unconsolidated VIEs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Maximum loss exposure | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| On-balance sheet assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Securities (2): | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trading account assets | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Debt securities carried at fair value | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Held-to-maturity securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans and leases | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for loan and lease losses | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| All other assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total retained positions | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total on-balance sheet liabilities | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets of VIEs | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated VIEs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Maximum loss exposure | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| On-balance sheet assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trading account assets | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt securities carried at fair value | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans and leases | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Allowance for loan and lease losses | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| All other assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| On-balance sheet liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Short-term borrowings | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| All other liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 loans and leases in the consolidated credit card trust included $4.7 billion and $5.4 billion of seller’s interest.
(2)The retained senior securities were valued using quoted market prices or observable market inputs (Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy).
Tax-related VIEs
The Corporation holds equity investments in unconsolidated limited partnerships and similar entities that construct, own and operate affordable housing, renewable energy and certain other projects. The total assets of these unconsolidated tax-related VIEs were $84.7 billion and $86.5 billion as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. An unrelated third party is typically the general partner or managing member and has control over the significant activities of the VIE. As an investor, tax credits associated with the investments in these entities are allocated to the Corporation, as provided by the U.S. Internal Revenue Code and related regulations, and are recognized as income tax benefits in the Corporation’s Consolidated Statement of Income in the year they are earned, which varies based on the type of investments.
At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Corporation had tax-related equity investments totaling $24.5 billion and $25.4 billion, which were comprised of $23.5 billion and $24.4 billion as of the same periods under programs for which the Corporation elected the proportional amortization method, as well as $1.0 billion as of both periods accounted for under the equity method or fair value option. These investments are further described below.
The Corporation has investments in affordable housing, renewable energy and certain other projects that had a carrying value of $23.5 billion and $24.4 billion at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, which included unfunded capital contributions of $7.5 billion and $8.1 billion that are probable to be paid.
For the investments that qualify, the Corporation has elected to account for its equity investments in affordable housing, renewable wind energy and certain other projects
proportional amortization method. The investments that do not qualify are accounted for under the equity method. During the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Corporation recognized income tax credits and other tax benefits 1.1 billion and $1.2 billion. For investments accounted for under the proportional amortization method, the Corporation recognized investment amortization of $753 million and $842 million in during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, and additional gains, losses and other returns totaling $34 million and $20 million in other income for the same periods. The Corporation also has equity investments in solar renewable energy projects that are accounted for under either the equity method or at fair value when the Corporation has elected to account for the investment at fair value. These investments totaled $1.0 billion at both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. The Corporation’s unfunded commitments that are not included in the carrying value of its tax-related equity investment VIEs totaled $3.5 billion and $2.6 billion at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, which are contingent on various conditions precedent to funding over the next 10 years. The Corporation’s risk of loss is generally mitigated by policies requiring the project to qualify for the expected tax credits prior to making its investment. For investments accounted for under the proportional amortization method, there were no significant modifications or events that resulted in a change in the nature of those investments or in the relationship with the underlying project. The Corporation may also enter into power purchase agreements with renewable energy tax credit entities.
Bank of America 74 | ||||||||
The table below summarizes select information related to unconsolidated tax-related VIEs in which the Corporation held a variable interest at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
Unconsolidated Tax-related VIEs | |||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | |||||||||
| Maximum loss exposure | $ | $ | |||||||||
| On-balance sheet assets | |||||||||||
| All other assets | |||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | |||||||||
| On-balance sheet liabilities | |||||||||||
| All other liabilities | |||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Total assets of VIEs | $ | $ | |||||||||
NOTE 7 Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill
The table below presents goodwill balances by business segment at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. The reporting units utilized for goodwill impairment testing are the operating segments or one level below.
| Goodwill | |||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | |||||||||
| Consumer Banking | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Global Wealth & Investment Management | |||||||||||
| Global Banking | |||||||||||
| Global Markets | |||||||||||
| Total goodwill | $ | $ | |||||||||
Intangible Assets
At both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the net carrying value of intangible assets was $1.8 1.5 20
NOTE 8 Leases
The Corporation enters into both lessor and lessee arrangements. For more information on lease accounting, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles and Note 8 – Leases to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K. For more information on lease financing receivables, see Note 5 – Outstanding Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses.
Lessor Arrangements
The Corporation’s lessor arrangements primarily consist of operating, sales-type and direct financing leases for equipment. Lease agreements may include options to renew and for the lessee to purchase the leased equipment at the end of the lease term.
The table below presents the net investment in sales-type and direct financing leases at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
Net Investment (1) | |||||||||||
| | |||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | |||||||||
| Lease receivables | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Unguaranteed residuals | |||||||||||
| Total net investment in sales-type and direct financing leases | $ | $ | |||||||||
(1)In certain cases, the Corporation obtains third-party residual value insurance to reduce its residual asset risk. The carrying value of residual assets with third-party residual value insurance for at least a portion of the asset value was $9.4
The table below presents lease income for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.
| Lease Income | |||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31 | |||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||
| Sales-type and direct financing leases | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Total lease income | $ | $ | |||||||||
Lessee Arrangements
The Corporation's lessee arrangements predominantly consist of operating leases for premises and equipment; the Corporation's financing leases are not significant.
The table below provides information on the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
| Lessee Arrangements | |||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31 2026 | December 31 2025 | |||||||||
| Right-of-use assets | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Lease liabilities | |||||||||||
At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, right-of-use assets included $2.8 billion and $393 million, and lease liabilities included $2.9 billion and $440 million for a lease to a related party, which was extended in the first quarter of 2026 to 2049, for the Corporation’s principal office in New York, NY. The Corporation owns a 49.99 percent equity interest in the property, with the remaining 50.01 percent owned by a third party.
75 Bank of America | ||||||||
NOTE 9 Securities Financing Agreements, Collateral and Restricted Cash
The Corporation enters into securities financing agreements which include securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase. These financing agreements (also referred to as “matched-book transactions”) are to accommodate customers, obtain securities to cover short positions and finance inventory positions. The Corporation elects to account for certain securities financing agreements under the fair value option. For more information on the fair value option, see Note 15 – Fair Value Option.
Offsetting of Securities Financing Agreements
The Securities Financing Agreements table presents securities financing agreements included on the Consolidated Balance
Sheet in federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell, and in federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. Balances are presented on a gross basis, prior to the application of counterparty netting. Gross assets and liabilities are adjusted on an aggregate basis to take into consideration the effects of legally enforceable master netting agreements. For more information on the offsetting of derivatives, see Note 3 – Derivatives. For more information on the securities financing agreements and the offsetting of securities financing transactions, see Note 10 – Securities Financing Agreements, Short-term Borrowings, Collateral and Restricted Cash to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
| Securities Financing Agreements | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross Assets/Liabilities (1) | Amounts Offset | Net Balance Sheet Amount | Financial Instruments (2) | Net Assets/Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31, 2026 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell (3) | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Other (4) | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell (3) | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Other (4) | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Includes activity where uncertainty exists as to the enforceability of certain master netting agreements under bankruptcy laws in some countries or industries.
(2)Includes securities collateral received or pledged under repurchase or securities lending agreements where there is a legally enforceable master netting agreement. These amounts are not offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, but are shown as a reduction to derive a net asset or liability. Securities collateral received or pledged where the legal enforceability of the master netting agreements is uncertain is excluded from the table.
(3)Excludes repurchase activity of $21.3 billion and $19.6 billion reported in loans and leases on the Consolidated Balance Sheet for March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
(4)Balance is reported in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and relates to transactions where the Corporation acts as the lender in a securities lending agreement and receives securities that can be pledged as collateral or sold. In these transactions, the Corporation recognizes an asset at fair value, representing the securities received, and a liability, representing the obligation to return those securities.
Repurchase Agreements and Securities Loaned Transactions Accounted for as Secured Borrowings
The following tables present securities sold under agreements to repurchase and securities loaned by remaining contractual term to maturity and class of collateral pledged. Included in “Other” are transactions where the Corporation acts as the lender in a securities lending agreement and receives securities that can be pledged as collateral or sold. Certain agreements contain a right to substitute collateral and/or terminate the
agreement prior to maturity at the option of the Corporation or the counterparty. Such agreements are included in the table below based on the remaining contractual term to maturity. For more information on collateral requirements, see Note 10 – Securities Financing Agreements, Short-term Borrowings, Collateral and Restricted Cash to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
| Remaining Contractual Maturity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Overnight and Continuous | 30 Days or Less | After 30 Days Through 90 Days | Greater than 90 Days (1) | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31, 2026 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Securities loaned | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Securities loaned | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)No four years
Bank of America 76 | ||||||||
| Class of Collateral Pledged | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase | Securities Loaned | Other | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31, 2026 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. government and agency securities | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate securities, trading loans and other | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. sovereign debt | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage trading loans and ABS | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. government and agency securities | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate securities, trading loans and other | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. sovereign debt | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage trading loans and ABS | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Collateral
The Corporation accepts securities and loans as collateral that it is permitted by contract or practice to sell or repledge. At both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the fair value of this collateral was $1.1 1.1 trillion and $1.0 trillion were sold or repledged as of the end of the periods. The primary source of this collateral is securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell. For more information on collateral, see Note 10 – Securities Financing Agreements, Short-term Borrowings, Collateral and Restricted Cash to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Restricted Cash
At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Corporation held restricted cash included within cash and cash equivalents on the Consolidated Balance Sheet of $7.1 billion and $6.5 billion, predominantly related to cash segregated in compliance with securities regulations and cash held on deposit with central banks to meet reserve requirements.
NOTE 10 Commitments and Contingencies
In the normal course of business, the Corporation enters into a number of off-balance sheet commitments. These commitments expose the Corporation to varying degrees of credit and market risk and are subject to the same credit and market risk limitation reviews as those instruments recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. For more information on commitments and contingencies, see Note 12 – Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Credit Extension Commitments
The Corporation enters into commitments to extend credit such as loan commitments, standby letters of credit (SBLCs) and commercial letters of credit to meet the financing needs of its customers. The following table includes the notional amount of unfunded legally binding lending commitments net of amounts distributed (i.e., syndicated or participated) to other financial institutions. The distributed amounts were $10.5 billion and $10.6 billion at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. The carrying value of the Corporation’s credit extension commitments at both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, excluding commitments accounted for under the fair value option, was $1.2
Legally binding commitments to extend credit generally have specified rates and maturities. Certain of these commitments have adverse change clauses that help to protect the Corporation against deterioration in the borrower’s ability to pay.
The following table includes the notional amount of commitments of $2.5 billion and $2.4 billion at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 that are accounted for under the fair value option. However, the table excludes the cumulative net fair value for these commitments of $68 million and $67 million at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, which is classified in accrued expenses and other liabilities. For more information regarding the Corporation’s loan commitments accounted for under the fair value option, see Note 15 – Fair Value Option.
77 Bank of America | ||||||||
| Credit Extension Commitments | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expire in One Year or Less | Expire After One Year Through Three Years | Expire After Three Years Through Five Years | Expire After Five Years | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31, 2026 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Notional amount of credit extension commitments | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loan commitments (1) | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Home equity lines of credit | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Standby letters of credit and financial guarantees (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Letters of credit | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other commitments (3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Legally binding commitments | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit card lines (4) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total credit extension commitments | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Notional amount of credit extension commitments | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loan commitments (1) | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Home equity lines of credit | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Standby letters of credit and financial guarantees (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Letters of credit | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other commitments (3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Legally binding commitments | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit card lines (4) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total credit extension commitments | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, $3.5 billion and $3.4 billion of these loan commitments were held in the form of a security.
(2) The notional amounts of SBLCs and financial guarantees classified as investment grade and non-investment grade based on the credit quality of the underlying reference name within the instrument were $28.4 billion and $10.2 billion at March 31, 2026, and $26.8 billion and $10.4 billion at December 31, 2025. Amounts in the table include consumer SBLCs of $1.0 billion and $987 million at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
(3) Primarily includes second-loss positions on lease-end residual value guarantees.
(4) Includes business card unused lines of credit.
Other Commitments
At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Corporation had commitments to purchase loans (e.g., residential mortgage and commercial real estate) of $786 million and $700 million, which upon settlement will be included in trading account assets, loans or LHFS, and commitments to purchase commercial loans, net of amounts sold, of $518 million and $558 million, which upon settlement will be included in trading account assets.
At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Corporation had commitments to enter into resale and forward-dated resale and securities borrowing agreements of $236.4 billion and $149.0 billion, and commitments to enter into forward-dated repurchase and securities lending agreements of $147.1 billion and $108.9 billion. A significant portion of these commitments will expire within the next 12 months.
At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Corporation had a commitment to originate or purchase up to $3.9 billion and $4.0 billion, on a rolling 12-month basis, of auto loans and leases from a strategic partner. This commitment extends through November 2030 and can be terminated with 12 months prior notice.
At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Corporation had debt and equity security commitments totaling $850 million and $884 million.
As a Federal Reserve member bank, the Corporation is required to subscribe to a certain amount of shares issued by its Federal Reserve district bank, which pays cumulative dividends at a prescribed rate. At both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Corporation had paid $5.4
Other Guarantees
Bank-owned Life Insurance Book Value Protection
The Corporation sells products that offer book value protection to insurance carriers who offer group life insurance policies to corporations, primarily banks. At both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, these guarantees, which are accounted for as derivatives, had a notional amount of $2.4 378 million and $377 million, with an estimated maturity in 2034.
Bank of America 78 | ||||||||
Merchant Services
The Corporation in its role as merchant acquirer or as a sponsor of other merchant acquirers may be held liable for any reversed charges that cannot be collected from the merchants due to, among other things, merchant fraud or insolvency. If charges are properly reversed after a purchase and cannot be collected from either the merchants or merchant acquirers, the Corporation may be held liable for these reversed charges. The ability to reverse a charge is primarily governed by the applicable payment network rules and regulations, which include, but are not limited to, the type of charge, type of payment used and time limits. The total amount of transactions subject to reversal under payment network rules and regulations processed for the preceding six-month period, which was approximately $190 billion, is an estimate of the Corporation’s maximum potential exposure as of March 31, 2026. The Corporation’s risk in this area primarily relates to circumstances where a cardholder has purchased goods or services for future delivery. The Corporation mitigates this risk by requiring cash deposits, guarantees, letters of credit or other types of collateral from certain merchants. The Corporation’s reserves for contingent losses, and the losses incurred related to the merchant processing activity were not significant.
Representations and Warranties Obligations and Corporate Guarantees
For more information on representations and warranties obligations and corporate guarantees, see Note 12 – Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The reserve for representations and warranties obligations and corporate guarantees was $185 million and $184 million at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 and is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, and the related provision is included in other income in the Consolidated Statement of Income. The representations and warranties reserve represents the Corporation’s best estimate of probable incurred losses, is based on its experience in previous negotiations, and is subject to judgment, a variety of assumptions and known or unknown uncertainties. At March 31, 2026, the estimated range of possible loss in excess of the accrued representations and warranties reserve was not significant. Future representations and warranties losses may occur in excess of the amounts recorded for these exposures; however, the Corporation does not expect such amounts to be material to the Corporation's financial condition and liquidity.
Fixed Income Clearing Corporation Sponsored Member Repo Program
The Corporation acts as a sponsoring member in a repo program whereby the Corporation clears certain eligible resale and repurchase agreements through the Government Securities Division of the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation on behalf of clients that are sponsored members in accordance with the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation’s rules. As part of this program, the Corporation guarantees the payment and performance of its sponsored members to the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation. The Corporation’s guarantee obligation is secured by a security interest in cash or high-quality securities collateral placed by clients with the clearinghouse and therefore, the potential for the Corporation to incur significant losses under this arrangement is remote. The Corporation’s maximum potential exposure, without taking into consideration the related collateral, was $244.3 billion and $339.1 billion at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
Other Guarantees
In the normal course of business, the Corporation periodically guarantees the obligations of its affiliates in a variety of transactions including ISDA-related transactions and non-ISDA related transactions such as commodities trading, repurchase agreements, prime brokerage agreements and other transactions.
Guarantees of Certain Long-term Debt
The Corporation, as the parent company, fully and unconditionally guarantees the securities issued by BofA Finance LLC, a consolidated finance subsidiary of the Corporation, and effectively provides for the full and unconditional guarantee of trust securities and capital securities issued by certain statutory trust companies that are 100 percent owned finance subsidiaries of the Corporation.
Other Contingencies
In 2023, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) issued a final rule to impose a special assessment to recover certain estimated losses to the Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) arising from the closures of Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank. The FDIC recovered the estimated losses through quarterly special assessments collected from certain insured depository institutions, including the Corporation. During the three months ended March 31, 2026, the Corporation paid its final scheduled quarterly special assessment of $244 million. The FDIC retains the authority to impose a one‑time supplemental assessment should actual losses to the DIF exceed the total amount collected, or provide an offset against regular deposit insurance assessments if collections exceed actual losses to the DIF. The Corporation would recognize any such adjustment in the period in which the underlying determination is made.
79 Bank of America | ||||||||
Litigation and Regulatory Matters
The following disclosures supplement the disclosure in Note 12 – Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K (the prior commitments and contingencies disclosure).
In the ordinary course of business, the Corporation and its subsidiaries are routinely defendants in or parties to many pending and threatened legal, regulatory and governmental actions and proceedings. In view of the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome of such matters, particularly where the claimants seek very large or indeterminate damages or where the matters present novel legal theories or involve a large number of parties, the Corporation generally cannot predict the eventual outcome of the pending matters, timing of the ultimate resolution of these matters, or eventual loss, fines or penalties related to each pending matter.
As a matter develops, the Corporation, in conjunction with any outside counsel handling the matter, evaluates whether such matter presents a loss contingency that is probable and estimable, and, for the matters disclosed below and in the prior commitments and contingencies disclosure, whether a loss in excess of any accrued liability is reasonably possible in future periods. Once the loss contingency is deemed to be both probable and estimable, the Corporation will establish an accrued liability and record a corresponding amount of litigation-related expense. The Corporation continues to monitor the matter for further developments that could affect the amount of the accrued liability that has been previously established. Excluding expenses of internal and external legal service providers, litigation and regulatory investigation-related expense of $196 million and $156 million was recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.
For any matter disclosed in this Note and in the prior commitments and contingencies disclosure for which a loss in future periods is reasonably possible and reasonably estimable (whether in excess of an accrued liability or where there is no accrued liability), the Corporation’s estimated range of possible loss is $0 to $0.25 billion in excess of the accrued liability, if any, as of March 31, 2026.
The accrued liability and estimated range of possible loss are based upon currently available information and subject to significant judgment, a variety of assumptions and known and unknown uncertainties. The matters underlying the accrued liability and estimated range of possible loss are unpredictable and may change from time to time, and actual losses may vary significantly from the current estimate and accrual. The estimated range of possible loss does not represent the Corporation’s maximum loss exposure.
Information is provided below and in the prior commitments and contingencies disclosure regarding the nature of the litigation or other contingency and, where specified, associated claimed damages. Based on current knowledge, and taking into
account accrued liabilities, management does not believe that loss contingencies arising from pending matters, including the matters described below and in the prior commitments and contingencies disclosure, will have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial condition or liquidity of the Corporation. However, in light of the significant judgment, variety of assumptions and uncertainties involved in those matters, some of which are beyond the Corporation’s control, and the very large or indeterminate damages sought in some of those matters, an adverse outcome in one or more of those matters could be material to the Corporation’s business or results of operations for any particular reporting period, or cause significant reputational harm.
Deposit Insurance Assessment
On March 31, 2026, the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia ruled that BANA did not owe additional interest to the FDIC. BANA continues to pledge security satisfactory to the FDIC with respect to the amount of additional interest the FDIC had sought, pending a possible appeal by the FDIC.
NOTE 11 Shareholders’ Equity
Common Stock
(1) In 2026, and through May 1, 2026.
Declared Quarterly Cash Dividends on Common Stock (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Declaration Date | Record Date | Payment Date | Dividend Per Share | |||||||||||||||||
| April 23, 2026 | June 5, 2026 | June 26, 2026 | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| February 3, 2026 | March 6, 2026 | March 27, 2026 | ||||||||||||||||||
During the three months ended March 31, 2026, the Corporation repurchased and retired approximately 140 million shares of common stock, which reduced shareholders’ equity by $7.2 billion, including excise taxes.
During the three months ended March 31, 2026, in connection with employee stock plans, the Corporation issued 92 million shares of its common stock and, to satisfy tax withholding obligations, repurchased 35 million shares of common stock. At March 31, 2026, the Corporation had reserved 498 million unissued shares of common stock for future issuances under employee stock plans, convertible notes and preferred stock.
On April 23, 2026, the Board of Directors declared a quarterly common stock dividend of $0.28 per share.
Preferred Stock
During the three months ended March 31, 2026, the Corporation declared $425 million of cash dividends on preferred stock. During the three months ended March 31, 2026, the Corporation fully redeemed Series DD for $1.0 billion.
For more information on the Corporation’s preferred stock, including liquidation preference, dividend requirements and redemption period, see Note 13 – Shareholders’ Equity to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Bank of America 80 | ||||||||
NOTE 12 Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The table below presents the changes in accumulated OCI after-tax for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.
| (Dollars in millions) | Debt Securities | Debit Valuation Adjustments | Derivatives | Employee Benefit Plans | Foreign Currency | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2024 | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, March 31, 2025 | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2025 | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net change | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, March 31, 2026 | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||
The table below presents the net change in fair value recorded in accumulated OCI, net realized gains and losses reclassified into earnings and other changes for each component of OCI pre- and after-tax for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.
| Pretax | Tax effect | After- tax | Pretax | Tax effect | After- tax | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in fair value | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net realized (gains) losses reclassified into earnings (1) | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net change | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debit valuation adjustments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in fair value | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net change | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in fair value | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reclassifications into earnings: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits expense | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net realized (gains) losses reclassified into earnings | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net change | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Employee benefit plans: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net actuarial losses and other reclassified into earnings (2) | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net change | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in fair value | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net realized (gains) losses reclassified into earnings (1) | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net change | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other comprehensive income (loss) | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Reclassifications of pretax debt securities, DVA and foreign currency (gains) losses are recorded in other income in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
(2) Reclassifications of pretax employee benefit plan costs are recorded in other general operating expense in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
81 Bank of America | ||||||||
NOTE 13 Earnings Per Common Share
The calculation of earnings per common share (EPS) and diluted EPS for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 is presented below. For more information on the calculation of EPS, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
| Three Months Ended March 31 | |||||||||||
| (In millions, except per share information) | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||
| Earnings per common share | |||||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | |||||||||
Preferred stock dividends and other | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Net income applicable to common shareholders | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Average common shares issued and outstanding | |||||||||||
| Earnings per common share | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Diluted earnings per common share | |||||||||||
| Net income applicable to common shareholders | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Add preferred stock dividends due to assumed conversions | |||||||||||
| Net income allocated to common shareholders | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Average common shares issued and outstanding | |||||||||||
Dilutive potential common shares | |||||||||||
Total average diluted common shares issued and outstanding | |||||||||||
| Diluted earnings per common share | $ | $ | |||||||||
Diluted EPS is calculated by adjusting net income applicable to common shareholders and average common shares issued and outstanding for the potential impact, if dilutive, of any instruments that are exercisable or convertible into common shares. As the Corporation’s Series L convertible preferred stock (Series L) was dilutive to EPS for the three months ended March 31, 2026, total average dilutive common shares issued and outstanding included 62 million common shares, as the Series L was assumed to have been converted into common shares as of the beginning of the period. In addition, Series L preferred dividends of $56 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 were included in net income allocated to common shareholders, as they would have been paid if the Series L was converted. For the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Corporation’s Series L was antidilutive, and therefore, there was no assumed conversion of any shares.
NOTE 14 Fair Value Measurements
Under applicable accounting standards, fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most
advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The Corporation determines the fair values of its financial instruments under applicable accounting standards and conducts a review of fair value hierarchy classifications on a quarterly basis. Transfers into or out of fair value hierarchy classifications are made if the significant inputs used in the financial models measuring the fair values of the assets and liabilities become unobservable or observable in the current marketplace. During the three months ended March 31, 2026, there were no changes to valuation approaches or techniques that had, or are expected to have, a material impact on the Corporation’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.
For more information regarding the fair value hierarchy, how the Corporation measures fair value and valuation techniques, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles and Note 20 – Fair Value Measurements to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The Corporation accounts for certain financial instruments under the fair value option. For more information, see Note 15 – Fair Value Option.
Bank of America 82 | ||||||||
Recurring Fair Value
Assets and liabilities carried at fair value on a recurring basis at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, including financial instruments that the Corporation accounts for under the fair value option, are summarized in the following tables.
| March 31, 2026 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value Measurements | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Netting Adjustments (1) | Assets/Liabilities at Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Time deposits placed and other short-term investments | $ | $ | $ | $ | — | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trading account assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury and government agencies | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate securities, trading loans and other | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity securities | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. sovereign debt | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. government-sponsored agency guaranteed | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage trading loans, ABS and other MBS | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total trading account assets (2) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivative assets | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AFS debt securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury and government agencies | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage-backed securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agency | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-agency residential | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. securities | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other taxable securities | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax-exempt securities | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total AFS debt securities | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other debt securities carried at fair value: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury and government agencies | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agency MBS | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-agency residential MBS | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-U.S. and other securities | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other debt securities carried at fair value | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans and leases | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans held-for-sale | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other assets (3) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total assets (4) | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing deposits in U.S. offices | $ | $ | $ | $ | — | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trading account liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury and government agencies | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity securities | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. sovereign debt | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate securities and other | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage trading loans and ABS | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total trading account liabilities | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivative liabilities | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term borrowings | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accrued expenses and other liabilities | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities (4) | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Amounts represent the impact of legally enforceable master netting agreements and also cash collateral held or placed with the same counterparties.
(2)Includes securities with a fair value of $16.0 billion that were segregated in compliance with securities regulations or deposited with clearing organizations. This amount is included in the parenthetical disclosure on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Trading account assets also includes certain commodities inventory of $703 million that is accounted for at the lower of cost or net realizable value, which is the current selling price less any costs to sell.
(3)Includes MSRs, which are classified as Level 3 assets, of $963 million.
(4)Total recurring Level 3 assets were 0.31 percent of total consolidated assets, and total recurring Level 3 liabilities were 0.19 percent of total consolidated liabilities.
83 Bank of America | ||||||||
| December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value Measurements | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Netting Adjustments (1) | Assets/Liabilities at Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Time deposits placed and other short-term investments | $ | $ | $ | $ | — | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trading account assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury and government agencies | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate securities, trading loans and other | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity securities | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. sovereign debt | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. government-sponsored agency guaranteed | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage trading loans, ABS and other MBS | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total trading account assets (2) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivative assets | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AFS debt securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury and government agencies | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage-backed securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agency | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-agency residential | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. securities | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other taxable securities | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax-exempt securities | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total AFS debt securities | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other debt securities carried at fair value: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury and government agencies | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-agency residential MBS | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. and other securities | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other debt securities carried at fair value | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans and leases | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans held-for-sale | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other assets (3) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total assets (4) | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing deposits in U.S. offices | $ | $ | $ | $ | — | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trading account liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury and government agencies | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity securities | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. sovereign debt | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate securities and other | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage trading loans and ABS | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total trading account liabilities | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivative liabilities | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term borrowings | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accrued expenses and other liabilities | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities (4) | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Amounts represent the impact of legally enforceable master netting agreements and also cash collateral held or placed with the same counterparties.
(2)Includes securities with a fair value of $13.2 billion that were segregated in compliance with securities regulations or deposited with clearing organizations. This amount is included in the parenthetical disclosure on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Trading account assets also includes certain commodities inventory of $27 million that is accounted for at the lower of cost or net realizable value, which is the current selling price less any costs to sell.
(3)Includes MSRs, which are classified as Level 3 assets, of $946 million.
(4)Total recurring Level 3 assets were 0.29 percent of total consolidated assets, and total recurring Level 3 liabilities were 0.19 percent of total consolidated liabilities.
Bank of America 84 | ||||||||
The following tables present a reconciliation of all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, including net realized and unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings and accumulated OCI. Transfers into Level 3 occur primarily due to
decreased price observability, and transfers out of Level 3 occur primarily due to increased price observability. Transfers occur on a regular basis for long-term debt instruments due to changes in the impact of unobservable inputs on the value of the embedded derivative in relation to the instrument as a whole.
Level 3 – Fair Value Measurements (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance January 1 | Total Realized/Unrealized Gains (Losses) in Net Income (2) | Gains (Losses) in OCI (3) | Gross | Gross Transfers into Level 3 | Gross Transfers out of Level 3 | Balance March 31 | Change in Unrealized Gains (Losses) in Net Income Related to Financial Instruments Still Held (2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | Purchases | Sales | Issuances | Settlements | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trading account assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate securities, trading loans and other | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity securities | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. sovereign debt | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total trading account assets | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net derivative assets (liabilities) (4) | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AFS debt securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-agency residential MBS | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial MBS | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. and other taxable securities | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total AFS debt securities | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other debt securities carried at fair value – Non-agency residential MBS | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans and leases (5) | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans held-for-sale (5) | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other assets (6,7) | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trading account liabilities – Equity securities | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trading account liabilities – Corporate securities and other | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Short-term borrowings (5) | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (5) | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Long-term debt (5) | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trading account assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate securities, trading loans and other | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity securities | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. sovereign debt | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total trading account assets | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net derivative assets (liabilities) (4) | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AFS debt securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-agency residential MBS | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial MBS | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. and other taxable securities | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total AFS debt securities | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other debt securities carried at fair value – Non-agency residential MBS | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans and leases (5) | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans held-for-sale (5) | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other assets (6,7) | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trading account liabilities – Equity securities | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trading account liabilities – Corporate securities and other | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (5) | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Long-term debt (5) | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Assets (liabilities). For assets, increase (decrease) to Level 3 and for liabilities, (increase) decrease to Level 3.
(2)Includes gains (losses) reported in earnings in the following income statement line items: Trading account assets/liabilities - market making and similar activities and other income; Net derivative assets (liabilities) - and other income; AFS debt securities - other income; Other debt securities carried at fair value - other income; Loans and leases - other income; Loans held-for-sale - other income; Other assets - market making and similar activities and other income; Short-term borrowings - market making and similar activities; Accrued expenses and other liabilities - other income; Long-term debt - market making and similar activities.
(3)Includes unrealized gains (losses) in on AFS debt securities, foreign currency translation adjustments, derivatives designated in cash flow hedges and the impact of changes in the Corporation’s credit spreads on long-term debt accounted for under the fair value option. Amounts include net unrealized gains of $26 million and $25 million related to financial instruments still held at March 31, 2026 and 2025.
(4)Net derivative assets (liabilities) include derivative assets of $4.8 billion and $3.5 billion and derivative liabilities of $5.4 billion and $5.0 billion at March 31, 2026 and 2025.
(5)Amounts represent instruments that are accounted for under the fair value option.
(6)Issuances represent MSRs recognized following securitizations or whole-loan sales.
(7)Settlements primarily represent the net change in fair value of the MSR asset due to the recognition of modeled cash flows and the passage of time.
85 Bank of America | ||||||||
The following tables present information about significant unobservable inputs related to the Corporation’s material categories of Level 3 financial assets and liabilities at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2026 | |||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | Inputs | ||||||||||||||||
| Financial Instrument | Fair Value | Valuation Technique | Significant Unobservable Inputs | Ranges of Inputs | Weighted Average (1) | ||||||||||||
Loans and Securities (2) | |||||||||||||||||
| Instruments backed by residential real estate assets | $ | Discounted cash flow, Market comparables | Yield | % | |||||||||||||
| Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS | Prepayment speed | ||||||||||||||||
| Loans and leases | Default rate | ||||||||||||||||
| Price | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Loss severity | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Instruments backed by commercial real estate assets | $ | Discounted cash flow, Asset-based approach | Yield | % | |||||||||||||
| Trading account assets – Corporate securities, trading loans and other | Price | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS | |||||||||||||||||
| AFS debt securities – Commercial | |||||||||||||||||
| Loans held-for-sale | |||||||||||||||||
| Commercial loans, debt securities and other | $ | Discounted cash flow, Market comparables | Yield | % | |||||||||||||
Trading account assets – Corporate securities, trading loans and other | Prepayment speed | n/a | |||||||||||||||
| Trading account assets – Non-U.S. sovereign debt | Default rate | n/a | |||||||||||||||
| Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS | Loss severity | n/a | |||||||||||||||
| AFS debt securities – Non-U.S. and other taxable securities | Price | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Loans and leases | |||||||||||||||||
| Loans held-for-sale | |||||||||||||||||
Other assets, primarily MSRs and tax-related equity investments | $ | Discounted cash flow, Market comparables | Price | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Yield | % | ||||||||||||||||
Weighted-average life, fixed rate (5) | |||||||||||||||||
Weighted-average life, variable rate (5) | |||||||||||||||||
| Option-adjusted spread, fixed rate | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Option-adjusted spread, variable rate | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Structured liabilities | |||||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt | $ | ( | Discounted cash flow, Market comparables | Yield | % | ||||||||||||
| Price | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Natural gas forward price | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Net derivative assets (liabilities) | |||||||||||||||||
| Credit derivatives | $ | Market comparables, Discounted cash flow, Stochastic recovery correlation model | Credit spreads | ||||||||||||||
| Default rate | n/a | ||||||||||||||||
| Credit correlation | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Price | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Equity derivatives | $ | ( | Industry standard derivative pricing (3) | Equity correlation | |||||||||||||
| Long-dated equity volatilities | |||||||||||||||||
| Commodity derivatives | $ | ( | Discounted cash flow | Natural gas forward price | $ | $ | |||||||||||
Commodities volatilities | |||||||||||||||||
| Power forward price | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Interest rate derivatives | $ | Industry standard derivative pricing (4) | Correlation (IR/IR) | ( | % | ||||||||||||
| Correlation (FX/IR) | ( | % | |||||||||||||||
| Long-dated inflation rates | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate volatilities | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Total net derivative assets (liabilities) | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||
(1)For loans and securities, structured liabilities and net derivative assets (liabilities), the weighted average is calculated based upon the absolute fair value of the instruments.
(2)The categories are aggregated based upon product type, which differs from financial statement classification. The following is a reconciliation to the line items in the table on page 83: Trading account assets – Corporate securities, trading loans and other of $2.1 billion, Trading account assets – Non-U.S. sovereign debt of $246 million, Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS of $1.0 billion, AFS debt securities of $87 million, Other assets of $2.1 billion, Loans and leases of $70 million and LHFS of $54 million.
(3)Includes models such as Monte Carlo simulation and Black-Scholes.
(4)Includes models such as Monte Carlo simulation, Black-Scholes and other methods that model the joint dynamics of interest, inflation and foreign exchange rates.
(5)The weighted-average life is a product of changes in market rates of interest, prepayment rates and other model and cash flow assumptions.
CPR = Constant Prepayment Rate
CDR = Constant Default Rate
MMBtu = Million British thermal units
IR = Interest Rate
FX = Foreign Exchange
n/a = not applicable
Bank of America 86 | ||||||||
| Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | Inputs | ||||||||||||||||
| Financial Instrument | Fair Value | Valuation Technique | Significant Unobservable Inputs | Ranges of Inputs | Weighted Average (1) | ||||||||||||
Loans and Securities (2) | |||||||||||||||||
| Instruments backed by residential real estate assets | $ | Discounted cash flow, Market comparables | Yield | % | |||||||||||||
| Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS | Prepayment speed | ||||||||||||||||
| Loans and leases | Default rate | ||||||||||||||||
| AFS debt securities - Non-agency residential | Price | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Other debt securities carried at fair value - Non-agency residential | Loss severity | % | |||||||||||||||
| Instruments backed by commercial real estate assets | $ | Discounted cash flow, Asset based approach | Yield | % | |||||||||||||
| Trading account assets – Corporate securities, trading loans and other | Price | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS | |||||||||||||||||
AFS debt securities – Commercial | |||||||||||||||||
| Commercial loans, debt securities and other | $ | Discounted cash flow, Market comparables | Yield | % | |||||||||||||
Trading account assets – Corporate securities, trading loans and other | Prepayment speed | n/a | |||||||||||||||
| Trading account assets – Non-U.S. sovereign debt | Default rate | n/a | |||||||||||||||
| Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS | Loss severity | n/a | |||||||||||||||
| AFS debt securities – Non-U.S. and other taxable securities | Price | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Loans and leases | |||||||||||||||||
| Loans held-for-sale | |||||||||||||||||
Other assets, primarily MSRs and tax-related equity investments | $ | Discounted cash flow, Market comparables | Price | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Yield | % | ||||||||||||||||
Weighted-average life, fixed rate (5) | |||||||||||||||||
Weighted-average life, variable rate (5) | |||||||||||||||||
| Option-adjusted spread, fixed rate | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Option-adjusted spread, variable rate | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Structured liabilities | |||||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt | $ | ( | Discounted cash flow, Market comparables | Yield | % | ||||||||||||
| Price | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Natural gas forward price | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Net derivative assets (liabilities) | |||||||||||||||||
Credit derivatives | $ | ( | Market comparables, Discounted cash flow, Stochastic recovery correlation model | Credit spreads | |||||||||||||
Default rate | n/a | ||||||||||||||||
| Credit correlation | % | ||||||||||||||||
Price | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
Equity derivatives | $ | ( | Industry standard derivative pricing (3) | Equity correlation | |||||||||||||
Long-dated equity volatilities | |||||||||||||||||
Commodity derivatives | $ | ( | Discounted cash flow | Natural gas forward price | $ | $ | |||||||||||
Commodities volatilities | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Power forward price | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
Interest rate derivatives | $ | Industry standard derivative pricing (4) | Correlation (IR/IR) | ( | % | ||||||||||||
Correlation (FX/IR) | ( | % | |||||||||||||||
Long-dated inflation rates | G( | % | |||||||||||||||
Long-dated inflation volatilities | n/a | ||||||||||||||||
| Interest rates volatilities | ( | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total net derivative assets (liabilities) | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||
(1)For loans and securities, structured liabilities and net derivative assets (liabilities), the weighted average is calculated based upon the absolute fair value of the instruments.
(2)The categories are aggregated based upon product type, which differs from financial statement classification. The following is a reconciliation to the line items in the table on page 84: Trading account assets – Corporate securities, trading loans and other of $1.9 billion, Trading account assets – Non-U.S. sovereign debt of $240 million, Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS of $935 million, AFS debt securities of $353 million, Other debt securities carried at fair value - Non-agency residential of $125 million, Other assets of $2.1 billion, Loans and leases of $76 million and LHFS of $55 million.
(3)Includes models such as Monte Carlo simulation and Black-Scholes.
(4)Includes models such as Monte Carlo simulation, Black-Scholes and other methods that model the joint dynamics of interest, inflation and foreign exchange rates.
(5)The weighted-average life is a product of changes in market rates of interest, prepayment rates and other model and cash flow assumptions.
CPR = Constant Prepayment Rate
CDR = Constant Default Rate
MMBtu = Million British thermal units
IR = Interest Rate
FX = Foreign Exchange
n/a = not applicable
Uncertainty of Fair Value Measurements from Unobservable Inputs
For information on the types of instruments, valuation approaches and the impact of changes in unobservable inputs used in Level 3 measurements, see Note 20 – Fair Value Measurements to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
87 Bank of America | ||||||||
Nonrecurring Fair Value
The Corporation holds certain assets that are measured at fair value only in certain situations (e.g., the impairment of an asset), and these measurements are referred to herein as nonrecurring. The amounts below represent assets still held as of the reporting date for which a nonrecurring fair value adjustment was recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.
Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis | |||||||||||||||||
| March 31, 2026 | Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 | ||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | Level 2 | Level 3 | Gains (Losses) | ||||||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||||||||
| Loans held-for-sale | $ | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||
Foreclosed properties (1) | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| March 31, 2025 | Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||||||||
| Loans held-for-sale | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
Foreclosed properties (1) | |||||||||||||||||
(1)Amounts are included in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and represent the carrying value of foreclosed properties that were written down subsequent to their initial classification as foreclosed properties. Losses on foreclosed properties include losses recorded during the first 90 days after transfer of a loan to foreclosed properties.
The table below presents information about significant unobservable inputs utilized in the Corporation's nonrecurring Level 3 fair value measurements during the three months ended March 31, 2026.
Quantitative Information about Nonrecurring Level 3 Fair Value Measurements | |||||||||||||||||
| Inputs | |||||||||||||||||
| Financial Instrument | Fair Value | Valuation Technique | Significant Unobservable Inputs | Ranges of Inputs | Weighted Average (1) | ||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 | ||||||||||||||||
| Loans held-for-sale | $ | Pricing model | Implied yield | n/a | |||||||||||||
(1)The weighted average is calculated based upon the fair value of the loans.
There were no significant Level 3 instruments held as of December 31, 2025 that had nonrecurring fair value measurements for the year ended December 31, 2025.
NOTE 15 Fair Value Option
The Corporation elects to account for certain financial instruments under the fair value option. For more information on the primary financial instruments for which the fair value option elections have been made, see Note 21 – Fair Value Option to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The following tables provide
information about the fair value carrying amount and the contractual principal outstanding of assets and liabilities accounted for under the fair value option at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, and information about where changes in the fair value of assets and liabilities accounted for under the fair value option are included in the Consolidated Statement of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.
Bank of America 88 | ||||||||
Fair Value Option Elections | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | Fair Value Carrying Amount | Contractual Principal Outstanding | Fair Value Carrying Amount Less Unpaid Principal | Fair Value Carrying Amount | Contractual Principal Outstanding | Fair Value Carrying Amount Less Unpaid Principal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans reported as trading account assets (1) | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trading inventory – other | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consumer and commercial loans | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans held-for-sale (1) | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other assets | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term deposits | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term borrowings | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unfunded loan commitments | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accrued expenses and other liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) A significant portion of the loans reported as trading account assets and LHFS are distressed loans that were purchased at a deep discount to par, and the remainder are loans with a fair value near contractual principal outstanding.
n/a = not applicable
| Gains (Losses) Related to Assets and Liabilities Accounted for Under the Fair Value Option | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | Market making and similar activities | Other Income | Total | Market making and similar activities | Other Income | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans reported as trading account assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trading inventory – other (1) | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consumer and commercial loans | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans held-for-sale (2) | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term borrowings | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unfunded loan commitments | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accrued expenses and other liabilities | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Long-term debt (3) | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other (4) | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) The gains (losses) in market making and similar activities are primarily offset by (losses) gains on trading liabilities that hedge these assets.
(2) Includes the value of IRLCs on funded loans, including those sold during the period.
(3) The net gains (losses) in market making and similar activities relate to the embedded derivatives in structured liabilities and are typically offset by (losses) gains on derivatives and securities that hedge these liabilities. For the cumulative impact of changes in the Corporation’s own credit spreads and the amount recognized in accumulated OCI, see Note 12 – Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss). For more information on how the Corporation’s own credit spread is determined, see Note 20 – Fair Value Measurements to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
(4) Includes gains (losses) on other assets, long-term deposits and federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase.
Gains (Losses) Related to Borrower-specific Credit Risk for Assets and Liabilities Accounted for Under the Fair Value Option | |||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31 | |||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||
| Loans reported as trading account assets | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||
| Consumer and commercial loans | ( | ||||||||||
| Loans held-for-sale | ( | ||||||||||
| Unfunded loan commitments | ( | ( | |||||||||
89 Bank of America | ||||||||
NOTE 16 Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The following disclosures include financial instruments that are not carried at fair value or only a portion of the ending balance is carried at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Certain loans, deposits, long-term debt, unfunded lending commitments and other financial instruments are accounted for under the fair value option. For more information, see Note 21 – Fair Value Option to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying values and fair values by fair value hierarchy of certain financial instruments where only a portion of the ending balance was carried at fair value at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 are presented in the table below.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carrying Value | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31, 2026 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Loans held-for-sale | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Deposits (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Commercial unfunded lending commitments (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Loans held-for-sale | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Deposits (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Commercial unfunded lending commitments (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Includes demand deposits of $1.1 no
(2) The carrying value of commercial unfunded lending commitments is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The Corporation does not estimate the fair value of consumer unfunded lending commitments because, in many instances, the Corporation can reduce or cancel these commitments by providing notice to the borrower. For more information on commitments, see Note 10 – Commitments and Contingencies.
Bank of America 90 | ||||||||
NOTE 17 Business Segment Information
The Corporation reports its results of operations through the following four
Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The following table presents net income (loss) and the components thereto (with net interest income on an FTE basis for the business segments, All Other and the total Corporation) for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, and total assets at March 31, 2026 and 2025 for each business segment, as well as All Other.
Results of Business Segments and All Other (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
At and for the three months ended March 31 | Total Corporation (2) | Consumer Banking | Global Wealth & Investment Management | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Noninterest income | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue, net of interest expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for credit losses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Noninterest expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Compensation and benefits (3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other noninterest expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total noninterest expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Period-end total assets | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Global Banking | Global Markets | All Other | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Noninterest income | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue, net of interest expense | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for credit losses | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Noninterest expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Compensation and benefits (3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other noninterest expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total noninterest expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense (benefit) | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Period-end total assets | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Segment results are presented on an FTE basis and include additional net interest income and income tax expense, related to tax-exempt securities, of $162 million and $145 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively, as compared to the Consolidated Statement of Income.
(2)There were no material intersegment revenues.
(3)Represents the compensation and benefits directly incurred by each segment.
91 Bank of America | ||||||||
The table below presents noninterest income and the associated components for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 for each business segment, All Other and the total Corporation. For more information, see Note 2 – Net Interest Income and Noninterest Income.
| Noninterest Income by Business Segment and All Other | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Corporation | Consumer Banking | Global Wealth & Investment Management | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fees and commissions: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Card income | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interchange fees | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other card income | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total card income | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Service charges | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deposit-related fees | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lending-related fees | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total service charges | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment and brokerage services | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset management fees | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Brokerage fees | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total investment and brokerage services | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment banking fees | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Underwriting income | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Syndication fees | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial advisory services | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total investment banking fees | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total fees and commissions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market making and similar activities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income (loss) | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total noninterest income | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Global Banking | Global Markets | All Other | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fees and commissions: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Card income | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interchange fees | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other card income | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total card income | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Service charges | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deposit-related fees | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lending-related fees | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total service charges | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment and brokerage services | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset management fees | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Brokerage fees | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total investment and brokerage services | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment banking fees | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Underwriting income | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Syndication fees | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial advisory services | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total investment banking fees | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total fees and commissions | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market making and similar activities | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income (loss) | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total noninterest income | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bank of America 92 | ||||||||
Glossary
Alt-A Mortgage – A type of U.S. mortgage that is considered riskier than A-paper, or “prime,” and less risky than “subprime,” the riskiest category. Typically, Alt-A mortgages are characterized by borrowers with less than full documentation, lower credit scores and higher LTVs.
Assets Under Management (AUM) – The total market value of assets under the investment advisory and/or discretion of GWIM which generate asset management fees based on a percentage of the assets’ market values. AUM reflects assets that are generally managed for institutional, high net worth and retail clients, and are distributed through various investment products including mutual funds, other commingled vehicles and separate accounts.
Banking Book – All on- and off-balance sheet financial instruments of the Corporation except for those positions that are held for trading purposes.
Brokerage and Other Assets – Non-discretionary client assets which are held in brokerage accounts or held for safekeeping.
Committed Credit Exposure – Any funded portion of a facility plus the unfunded portion of a facility on which the lender is legally bound to advance funds during a specified period under prescribed conditions.
Credit Derivatives – Contractual agreements that provide protection against a specified credit event on one or more referenced obligations.
Credit Valuation Adjustment (CVA) – A portfolio adjustment required to properly reflect the counterparty credit risk exposure as part of the fair value of derivative instruments.
Debit Valuation Adjustment (DVA) – A portfolio adjustment required to properly reflect the Corporation’s own credit risk exposure as part of the fair value of derivative instruments and/or structured liabilities.
Funding Valuation Adjustment (FVA) – A portfolio adjustment required to include funding costs on uncollateralized derivatives and derivatives where the Corporation is not permitted to use the collateral it receives.
Interest Rate Lock Commitment (IRLC) – Commitment with a loan applicant in which the loan terms are guaranteed for a designated period of time subject to credit approval.
Letter of Credit – A document issued on behalf of a customer to a third party promising to pay the third party upon presentation of specified documents. A letter of credit effectively substitutes the issuer’s credit for that of the customer.
Loan-to-value (LTV) – A commonly used credit quality metric. LTV is calculated as the outstanding carrying value of the loan divided by the estimated value of the property securing the loan.
Macro Products – Include currencies, interest rates and commodities products.
Margin Receivable – An extension of credit secured by eligible securities in certain brokerage accounts.
Matched Book – Repurchase and resale agreements or securities borrowed and loaned transactions where the overall asset and liability position is similar in size and/or maturity. Generally, these are entered into to accommodate customers where the Corporation earns the interest rate spread.
Mortgage Servicing Right (MSR) – The right to service a mortgage loan when the underlying loan is sold or securitized. Servicing includes collections for principal, interest and escrow payments from borrowers and accounting for and remitting principal and interest payments to investors.
Nonperforming Loans and Leases – Includes loans and leases that have been placed on nonaccrual status, including nonaccruing loans whose contractual terms have been restructured in a manner that grants a concession to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties.
Prompt Corrective Action (PCA) – A framework established by the U.S. banking regulators requiring banks to maintain certain levels of regulatory capital ratios, comprised of five categories of capitalization: “well capitalized,” “adequately capitalized,” “undercapitalized,” “significantly undercapitalized” and “critically undercapitalized.” Insured depository institutions that fail to meet certain of these capital levels are subject to increasingly strict limits on their activities, including their ability to make capital distributions, pay management compensation, grow assets and take other actions.
Subprime Loans – Although a standard industry definition for subprime loans (including subprime mortgage loans) does not exist, the Corporation defines subprime loans as specific product offerings for higher risk borrowers.
Value-at-Risk (VaR) – VaR is a model that simulates the value of a portfolio under a range of hypothetical scenarios in order to generate a distribution of potential gains and losses. VaR represents the loss the portfolio is expected to experience with a given confidence level based on historical data. A VaR model is an effective tool in estimating ranges of potential gains and losses on our trading portfolios.
93 Bank of America | ||||||||
Key Metrics
Active Digital Banking Users – Mobile and/or online active users over the past 90 days.
Active Mobile Banking Users – Mobile active users over the past 90 days.
Book Value – Ending common shareholders’ equity divided by ending common shares outstanding.
Common Equity Ratio – Ending common shareholders’ equity divided by ending total assets.
Deposit Spread – Annualized net interest income divided by average deposits.
Dividend Payout Ratio – Common dividends declared divided by net income applicable to common shareholders.
Efficiency Ratio – Noninterest expense divided by total revenue, net of interest expense.
Gross Interest Yield – Effective annual percentage rate divided by average loans.
Net Interest Yield – Net interest income divided by average total interest-earning assets.
Operating Margin – Income before income taxes divided by total revenue, net of interest expense.
Return on Average Allocated Capital – Adjusted net income divided by allocated capital.
Return on Average Assets – Net income divided by total average assets.
Return on Average Common Shareholders’ Equity – Net income applicable to common shareholders divided by average common shareholders’ equity.
Return on Average Shareholders’ Equity – Net income divided by average shareholders’ equity.
Risk-adjusted Margin – Difference between total revenue, net of interest expense, and net charge-offs divided by average loans.
Bank of America 94 | ||||||||
Acronyms
| ABS | Asset-backed securities | ||||
| AFS | Available-for-sale | ||||
| ALM | Asset and liability management | ||||
| AUM | Assets under management | ||||
| BANA | Bank of America, National Association | ||||
| BHC | Bank holding company | ||||
| BofAS | BofA Securities, Inc. | ||||
| BofASE | BofA Securities Europe SA | ||||
| bps | Basis points | ||||
| CCAR | Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review | ||||
| CDO | Collateralized debt obligation | ||||
| CET1 | Common equity tier 1 | ||||
| CFTC | Commodity Futures Trading Commission | ||||
| CLO | Collateralized loan obligation | ||||
| CLTV | Combined loan-to-value | ||||
| CVA | Credit valuation adjustment | ||||
| DIF | Deposit Insurance Fund | ||||
| DVA | Debit valuation adjustment | ||||
| EPS | Earnings per common share | ||||
| FDIC | Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation | ||||
| FHA | Federal Housing Administration | ||||
| FHLB | Federal Home Loan Bank | ||||
| FHLMC | Freddie Mac | ||||
| FICC | Fixed income, currencies and commodities | ||||
| FICO | Fair Isaac Corporation (credit score) | ||||
| FINRA | Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. | ||||
| FNMA | Fannie Mae | ||||
| FTE | Fully taxable-equivalent | ||||
| FVA | Funding valuation adjustment | ||||
| GAAP | Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America | ||||
| GLS | Global Liquidity Sources | ||||
| GNMA | Government National Mortgage Association | ||||
| G-SIB | Global systemically important bank | ||||
| GWIM | Global Wealth & Investment Management | ||||
| HELOC | Home equity line of credit | ||||
| HQLA | High Quality Liquid Assets | ||||
| HTM | Held-to-maturity | ||||
| IRLC | Interest rate lock commitment | ||||
| ISDA | International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. | ||||
| LCR | Liquidity Coverage Ratio | ||||
| LHFS | Loans held-for-sale | ||||
| LTV | Loan-to-value | ||||
| MBS | Mortgage-backed securities | ||||
| MD&A | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | ||||
| MLI | Merrill Lynch International | ||||
| MLPF&S | Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated | ||||
| MSA | Metropolitan Statistical Area | ||||
| MSR | Mortgage servicing right | ||||
NPR | Notice of proposed rulemaking | ||||
| NSFR | Net Stable Funding Ratio | ||||
| OCI | Other comprehensive income | ||||
| OREO | Other real estate owned | ||||
| OTC | Over-the-counter | ||||
| PCA | Prompt Corrective Action | ||||
| RWA | Risk-weighted assets | ||||
| SBLC | Standby letter of credit | ||||
| SCB | Stress capital buffer | ||||
| SEC | Securities and Exchange Commission | ||||
| SLR | Supplementary leverage ratio | ||||
| SOFR | Secured Overnight Financing Rate | ||||
| TLAC | Total loss-absorbing capacity | ||||
| VA | U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs | ||||
| VaR | Value-at-Risk | ||||
| VIE | Variable interest entity | ||||
95 Bank of America | ||||||||
Part II. Other Information
Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
See Litigation and Regulatory Matters in Note 10 – Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements, which is incorporated by reference in this Item 1, for litigation and regulatory disclosure that supplements the disclosure in Note 12 – Commitments and Contingencies to the
Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
There are no material changes from the risk factors set forth under Part 1, Item 1A. Risk Factors of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
The table below presents share repurchase activity for the three months ended March 31, 2026. The primary source of funds for cash distributions by the Corporation to its shareholders is dividends received from its banking subsidiaries. Each of the banking subsidiaries is subject to various regulatory policies and requirements relating to the payment of dividends, including requirements to maintain capital above regulatory minimums. All of the Corporation’s preferred stock outstanding has preference over the Corporation’s common stock with respect to payment of dividends.
| (Dollars in millions, except per share information; shares in thousands) | Total Common Shares Repurchased (1,2) | Weighted-Average Per Share Price | Total Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Programs (2) | Remaining Buyback Authority Amounts (2) | |||||||||||||||||||
| January 1 - 31, 2026 | 35,641 | $ | 54.02 | 35,608 | $ | 28,205 | |||||||||||||||||
| February 1 - 28, 2026 | 83,145 | 53.34 | 55,829 | 25,235 | |||||||||||||||||||
| March 1 - 31, 2026 | 56,103 | 48.04 | 48,334 | 22,912 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Three months ended March 31, 2026 | 174,889 | 51.78 | 139,771 | ||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Includes 35 million shares of the Corporation's common stock acquired by the Corporation in connection with satisfaction of tax withholding obligations on vested restricted stock or restricted stock units and certain forfeitures and terminations of employment-related awards and for potential re-issuance to certain employees under equity incentive plans.
(2)On July 23, 2025, the Corporation’s Board of Directors authorized and announced a $40 billion common stock repurchase program (2025 Repurchase Program), effective August 1, 2025, to replace the previously disclosed repurchase program, which expired on August 1, 2025. During the three months ended March 31, 2026, pursuant to the 2025 Repurchase Program, the Corporation repurchased approximately 140 million shares, or $7.2 billion, of its common stock. For more information, see Capital Management – CCAR and Capital Planning in the MD&A on page 16 and Note 11 – Shareholders’ Equity to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
The Corporation did not have any unregistered sales of equity securities during the three months ended March 31, 2026.
Item 5. Other Information
Trading Arrangements
During the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2026, none of the Corporation’s directors or officers as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act) adopted terminated
Bank of America 96 | ||||||||
Item 6. Exhibits
| | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Incorporated by Reference | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Exhibit No. | Description | Notes | Form | Exhibit | Filing Date | File No. | ||||||||||||||
| 3.1 | 10-Q | 3.1 | 7/31/25 | 1-6523 | ||||||||||||||||
| 3.2 | 10-Q | 3.2 | 7/30/24 | 1-6523 | ||||||||||||||||
| 10.1 | 1,2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 10.2 | 1,2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 10.3 | 1,2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 10.4 | 1,2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 22 | 10-K | 22 | 2/25/26 | 1-6523 | ||||||||||||||||
| 31.1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 31.2 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 32.1 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 32.2 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definitions Linkbase Document | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) | |||||||||||||||||||
(1)Filed herewith.
(2)Exhibit is a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
(3)Furnished herewith. This exhibit shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or otherwise subject to the liability of that Section. Such exhibit shall not be deemed incorporated into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
(4)The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document.
Signature
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Bank of America Corporation Registrant | |||||||||||||||||
| Date: | May 1, 2026 | /s/ Johnbull E. Okpara | |||||||||||||||
| Johnbull E. Okpara Chief Accounting Officer | |||||||||||||||||
97 Bank of America | ||||||||