Annual report pursuant to Section 13 and 15(d)

Securities

v2.4.0.6
Securities
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2012
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Securities
Securities
The table below presents the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of debt and marketable equity securities at December 31, 2012 and 2011.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2012
(Dollars in millions)
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
Available-for-sale debt securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury and agency securities
$
24,232

 
$
324

 
$
(84
)
 
$
24,472

Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Agency
183,247

 
5,048

 
(146
)
 
188,149

Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations
36,329

 
1,427

 
(218
)
 
37,538

Non-agency residential (1)
9,231

 
391

 
(128
)
 
9,494

Non-agency commercial
3,576

 
348

 

 
3,924

Non-U.S. securities
5,574

 
50

 
(6
)
 
5,618

Corporate/Agency bonds
1,415

 
51

 
(16
)
 
1,450

Other taxable securities, substantially all asset-backed securities
12,089

 
54

 
(15
)
 
12,128

Total taxable securities
275,693

 
7,693

 
(613
)
 
282,773

Tax-exempt securities
4,167

 
13

 
(47
)
 
4,133

Total available-for-sale debt securities
279,860

 
7,706

 
(660
)
 
286,906

Held-to-maturity debt securities, substantially all U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities
49,481

 
815

 
(26
)
 
50,270

Total debt securities
$
329,341

 
$
8,521

 
$
(686
)
 
$
337,176

Available-for-sale marketable equity securities (2)
$
780

 
$
732

 
$

 
$
1,512

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2011
Available-for-sale debt securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury and agency securities
$
43,433

 
$
242

 
$
(811
)
 
$
42,864

Mortgage-backed securities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Agency
138,073

 
4,511

 
(21
)
 
142,563

Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations
44,392

 
774

 
(167
)
 
44,999

Non-agency residential (1)
14,948

 
301

 
(482
)
 
14,767

Non-agency commercial
4,894

 
629

 
(1
)
 
5,522

Non-U.S. securities
4,872

 
62

 
(14
)
 
4,920

Corporate/Agency bonds
2,993

 
79

 
(37
)
 
3,035

Other taxable securities, substantially all asset-backed securities
12,889

 
49

 
(60
)
 
12,878

Total taxable securities
266,494

 
6,647

 
(1,593
)
 
271,548

Tax-exempt securities
4,678

 
15

 
(90
)
 
4,603

Total available-for-sale debt securities
271,172

 
6,662

 
(1,683
)
 
276,151

Held-to-maturity debt securities, substantially all U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities
35,265

 
181

 
(4
)
 
35,442

Total debt securities
$
306,437

 
$
6,843

 
$
(1,687
)
 
$
311,593

Available-for-sale marketable equity securities (2)
$
65

 
$
10

 
$
(7
)
 
$
68

(1) 
At December 31, 2012 and 2011, includes approximately 91 percent and 89 percent prime, six percent and nine percent Alt-A, and three percent and two percent subprime.
(2) 
Classified in other assets on the Corporation’s Consolidated Balance Sheet.
At December 31, 2012, the accumulated net unrealized gains on AFS debt securities included in accumulated OCI were $4.4 billion, net of the related income tax expense of $2.6 billion. At December 31, 2012 and 2011, the Corporation had nonperforming AFS debt securities of $91 million and $140 million.
The Corporation recorded OTTI losses on AFS debt securities for 2012, 2011 and 2010 as presented in the table below. A debt security is impaired when its fair value is less than its amortized cost. If the Corporation intends or will more-likely-than-not be required to sell the debt securities prior to recovery, the entire impairment loss is recorded in the Corporation’s Consolidated Statement of Income. For debt securities the Corporation does not intend or will not more-likely-than-not be required to sell, an analysis is performed to determine if any of the impairment is due to credit or whether it is due to other factors (e.g., interest rate). Credit losses are considered unrecoverable and are recorded in the Corporation’s Consolidated Statement of Income with the remaining unrealized losses recorded in accumulated OCI. In certain instances, the credit loss on a debt security may exceed the total impairment, in which case, the portion of the credit loss that exceeds the total impairment is recorded as an unrealized gain in accumulated OCI. Balances in the table below exclude $5 million, $9 million and $51 million of unrealized gains recorded in accumulated OCI related to these securities for 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Impairment Losses Recognized in Earnings
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2012
(Dollars in millions)
Non-agency
Residential
MBS
 
Non-agency
Commercial
MBS
 
Non-U.S.
Securities
 
Corporate
Bonds
 
Other
Taxable
Securities
 
Total
Total OTTI losses (unrealized and realized)
$
(50
)
 
$
(7
)
 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
(57
)
Unrealized OTTI losses recognized in accumulated OCI
4

 

 

 

 

 
4

Net impairment losses recognized in earnings
$
(46
)
 
$
(7
)
 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
(53
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2011
Total OTTI losses (unrealized and realized)
$
(348
)
 
$
(10
)
 
$

 
$

 
$
(2
)
 
$
(360
)
Unrealized OTTI losses recognized in accumulated OCI
61

 

 

 

 

 
61

Net impairment losses recognized in earnings
$
(287
)
 
$
(10
)
 
$

 
$

 
$
(2
)
 
$
(299
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2010
Total OTTI losses (unrealized and realized)
$
(1,305
)
 
$
(19
)
 
$
(276
)
 
$
(6
)
 
$
(568
)
 
$
(2,174
)
Unrealized OTTI losses recognized in accumulated OCI
817

 
15

 
16

 
2

 
357

 
1,207

Net impairment losses recognized in earnings
$
(488
)
 
$
(4
)
 
$
(260
)
 
$
(4
)
 
$
(211
)
 
$
(967
)

The Corporation’s net impairment losses recognized in earnings consist of write-downs to fair value on AFS securities the Corporation has the intent to sell or will more-likely-than-not be required to sell and all credit losses. The table below presents a rollforward of the credit losses recognized in earnings in 2012, 2011 and 2010 on AFS debt securities that the Corporation does not have the intent to sell or will not more-likely-than-not be required to sell.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rollforward of Credit Losses Recognized
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in millions)
2012
 
2011
 
2010

Balance, January 1
$
310

 
$
2,148

 
$
3,155

Additions for credit losses recognized on debt securities that had no previous impairment losses
7

 
72

 
487

Additions for credit losses recognized on debt securities that had previously incurred impairment losses
46

 
149

 
421

Reductions for debt securities sold or intended to be sold
(120
)
 
(2,059
)
 
(1,915
)
Balance, December 31
$
243

 
$
310

 
$
2,148


The Corporation estimates the portion of a loss on a security that is attributable to credit using a discounted cash flow model and estimates the expected cash flows of the underlying collateral using internal credit, interest rate and prepayment risk models that incorporate management’s best estimate of current key assumptions such as default rates, loss severity and prepayment rates. Assumptions used for the underlying loans that support the MBS can vary widely from loan to loan and are influenced by such factors as loan interest rate, geographic location of the borrower, borrower characteristics and collateral type. Based on these assumptions, the Corporation then determines how the underlying collateral cash flows will be distributed to each MBS issued from the applicable special purpose entity. Expected principal and interest cash flows on an impaired AFS debt security are discounted using the effective yield of each individual impaired AFS debt security.

Significant assumptions used in estimating the expected cash flows for measuring credit losses on non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS) were as follows at December 31, 2012.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Significant Assumptions
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Range (1)
 
Weighted-
average
 
10th
Percentile (2)
 
90th
Percentile (2)
Prepayment speed
12.9
%
 
3.1
%
 
29.7
%
Loss severity
49.5

 
24.2

 
63.1

Life default rate
52.4

 
2.4

 
98.2

(1) 
Represents the range of inputs/assumptions based upon the underlying collateral.
(2) 
The value of a variable below which the indicated percentile of observations will fall.
Annual constant prepayment speed and loss severity rates are projected considering collateral characteristics such as LTV, creditworthiness of borrowers as measured using FICO scores and geographic concentrations. The weighted-average severity by collateral type was 45.8 percent for prime, 50.6 percent for Alt-A and 55.9 percent for subprime at December 31, 2012. Additionally, default rates are projected by considering collateral characteristics including, but not limited to, LTV, FICO and geographic concentration. Weighted-average life default rates by collateral type were 39.5 percent for prime, 63.5 percent for Alt-A and 41.8 percent for subprime at December 31, 2012.
The table below presents the fair value and the associated gross unrealized losses on AFS securities with gross unrealized losses at December 31, 2012 and 2011, and whether these securities have had gross unrealized losses for less than twelve months or for twelve months or longer.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Temporarily Impaired and Other-than-temporarily Impaired Securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2012
 
Less than Twelve Months
 
Twelve Months or Longer
 
Total
(Dollars in millions)
Fair
Value
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
Temporarily impaired available-for-sale debt securities
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

U.S. Treasury and agency securities
$

 
$

 
$
5,608

 
$
(84
)
 
$
5,608

 
$
(84
)
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency
15,593

 
(133
)
 
735

 
(13
)
 
16,328

 
(146
)
Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations
5,135

 
(121
)
 
4,994

 
(97
)
 
10,129

 
(218
)
Non-agency residential
592

 
(13
)
 
1,555

 
(110
)
 
2,147

 
(123
)
Non-U.S. securities
1,715

 
(1
)
 
563

 
(5
)
 
2,278

 
(6
)
Corporate/Agency bonds

 

 
277

 
(16
)
 
277

 
(16
)
Other taxable securities
1,678

 
(1
)
 
1,436

 
(14
)
 
3,114

 
(15
)
Total taxable securities
24,713

 
(269
)
 
15,168

 
(339
)
 
39,881

 
(608
)
Tax-exempt securities
1,609

 
(9
)
 
1,072

 
(38
)
 
2,681

 
(47
)
Total temporarily impaired available-for-sale debt securities
26,322

 
(278
)
 
16,240

 
(377
)
 
42,562

 
(655
)
Other-than-temporarily impaired available-for-sale debt securities (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities
14

 
(1
)
 
74

 
(4
)
 
88

 
(5
)
Total temporarily impaired and other-than-temporarily impaired available-for-sale securities (2)
$
26,336

 
$
(279
)
 
$
16,314

 
$
(381
)
 
$
42,650

 
$
(660
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2011
Temporarily impaired available-for-sale debt securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury and agency securities
$

 
$

 
$
38,269

 
$
(811
)
 
$
38,269

 
$
(811
)
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency
4,679

 
(13
)
 
474

 
(8
)
 
5,153

 
(21
)
Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations
11,448

 
(134
)
 
976

 
(33
)
 
12,424

 
(167
)
Non-agency residential
2,112

 
(59
)
 
3,950

 
(350
)
 
6,062

 
(409
)
Non-agency commercial
55

 
(1
)
 

 

 
55

 
(1
)
Non-U.S. securities
1,008

 
(13
)
 
165

 
(1
)
 
1,173

 
(14
)
Corporate/Agency bonds
415

 
(29
)
 
111

 
(8
)
 
526

 
(37
)
Other taxable securities
4,210

 
(41
)
 
1,361

 
(19
)
 
5,571

 
(60
)
Total taxable securities
23,927

 
(290
)
 
45,306

 
(1,230
)
 
69,233

 
(1,520
)
Tax-exempt securities
1,117

 
(25
)
 
2,754

 
(65
)
 
3,871

 
(90
)
Total temporarily impaired available-for-sale debt securities
25,044

 
(315
)
 
48,060

 
(1,295
)
 
73,104

 
(1,610
)
Temporarily impaired available-for-sale marketable equity securities
31

 
(1
)
 
6

 
(6
)
 
37

 
(7
)
Total temporarily impaired available-for-sale securities
25,075

 
(316
)
 
48,066

 
(1,301
)
 
73,141

 
(1,617
)
Other-than-temporarily impaired available-for-sale debt securities (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities
158

 
(28
)
 
489

 
(45
)
 
647

 
(73
)
Total temporarily impaired and other-than-temporarily impaired available-for-sale securities (2)
$
25,233

 
$
(344
)
 
$
48,555

 
$
(1,346
)
 
$
73,788

 
$
(1,690
)
(1) 
Includes other-than-temporarily impaired AFS debt securities on which an OTTI loss remains in OCI.
(2) 
At December 31, 2012 and 2011, the amortized cost of approximately 2,600 and 3,800 AFS securities exceeded their fair value by $660 million and $1.7 billion.

The amortized cost and fair value of the Corporation’s investment in AFS and HTM debt securities from FNMA, the Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA), FHLMC and U.S. Treasury securities where the investment exceeded 10 percent of consolidated shareholders’ equity at December 31, 2012 and 2011 are presented in the table below.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Selected Securities Exceeding 10 Percent of Shareholders’ Equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31
 
2012
 
2011
(Dollars in millions)
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair
Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair
Value
Government National Mortgage Association
$
124,348

 
$
127,541

 
$
102,960

 
$
106,200

Fannie Mae
121,522

 
123,933

 
87,898

 
89,243

Freddie Mac
22,995

 
23,502

 
26,617

 
27,129

U.S. Treasury securities
21,269

 
21,305

 
39,946

 
39,164


The expected maturity distribution of the Corporation’s MBS and the contractual maturity distribution of the Corporation’s other AFS debt securities, and the yields on the Corporation’s AFS debt securities portfolio at December 31, 2012 are summarized in the table below. Actual maturities may differ from the contractual or expected maturities since borrowers may have the right to prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt Securities Maturities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2012
 
Due in One
Year or Less
 
Due after One Year
through Five Years
 
Due after Five Years
through Ten Years
 
Due after
Ten Years
 
Total
(Dollars in millions)
Amount
 
Yield (1)
 
Amount
 
Yield (1)
 
Amount
 
Yield (1)
 
Amount
 
Yield (1)
 
Amount
 
Yield (1)
Amortized cost of AFS debt securities
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

U.S. Treasury and agency securities
$
548

 
0.57
%
 
$
855

 
2.12
%
 
$
1,884

 
5.30
%
 
$
20,945

 
2.80
%
 
$
24,232

 
3.00
%
Mortgage-backed securities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Agency
7

 
4.70

 
59,880

 
3.10

 
123,075

 
2.90

 
285

 
2.60

 
183,247

 
2.90

Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations
11

 
6.31

 
12,876

 
1.20

 
23,427

 
3.10

 
15

 
1.10

 
36,329

 
2.40

Non-agency residential
750

 
4.50

 
5,112

 
4.30

 
2,767

 
4.00

 
602

 
6.70

 
9,231

 
4.40

Non-agency commercial
456

 
5.70

 
3,080

 
5.90

 
22

 
3.70

 
18

 
4.03

 
3,576

 
5.90

Non-U.S. securities
4,247

 
1.46

 
1,169

 
6.10

 
158

 
2.20

 

 

 
5,574

 
2.65

Corporate/Agency bonds
315

 
2.40

 
808

 
2.80

 
185

 
4.52

 
107

 
0.90

 
1,415

 
2.92

Other taxable securities
2,501

 
1.10

 
4,926

 
1.10

 
3,803

 
1.82

 
859

 
1.10

 
12,089

 
1.37

Total taxable securities
8,835

 
1.84

 
88,706

 
2.91

 
155,321

 
2.95

 
22,831

 
2.83

 
275,693

 
2.86

Tax-exempt securities
43

 
2.63

 
1,524

 
1.40

 
1,185

 
2.02

 
1,415

 
1.10

 
4,167

 
1.68

Total amortized cost of AFS debt securities
$
8,878

 
1.84

 
$
90,230

 
2.88

 
$
156,506

 
2.95

 
$
24,246

 
2.72

 
$
279,860

 
2.84

Total amortized cost of held-to-maturity debt securities (2)
$
6

 
5.00

 
$
8,616

 
2.30

 
$
40,836

 
2.40

 
$
23

 
4.40

 
$
49,481

 
2.40

Fair value of AFS debt securities
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

U.S. Treasury and agency securities
$
549

 
 

 
$
883

 
 

 
$
2,072

 
 

 
$
20,968

 
 

 
$
24,472

 
 

Mortgage-backed securities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Agency
7

 
 

 
61,234

 
 

 
126,619

 
 

 
289

 
 

 
188,149

 
 

Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations
11

 
 

 
12,827

 
 

 
24,684

 
 

 
16

 
 

 
37,538

 
 

Non-agency residential
749

 
 

 
5,239

 
 

 
2,841

 
 

 
665

 
 

 
9,494

 
 

Non-agency commercial
477

 
 

 
3,405

 
 

 
24

 
 

 
18

 
 

 
3,924

 
 

Non-U.S. securities
4,244

 
 

 
1,211

 
 

 
163

 
 

 

 
 

 
5,618

 
 

Corporate/Agency bonds
320

 
 

 
826

 
 

 
207

 
 

 
97

 
 

 
1,450

 
 

Other taxable securities
2,502

 
 

 
4,947

 
 

 
3,825

 
 

 
854

 
 

 
12,128

 
 

Total taxable securities
8,859

 
 

 
90,572

 
 

 
160,435

 
 

 
22,907

 
 

 
282,773

 
 

Tax-exempt securities
43

 
 

 
1,526

 
 

 
1,184

 
 

 
1,380

 
 

 
4,133

 
 

Total fair value of AFS debt securities
$
8,902

 
 

 
$
92,098

 
 

 
$
161,619

 
 

 
$
24,287

 
 

 
$
286,906

 
 

Total fair value of held-to-maturity debt securities (2)
$
6

 
 
 
$
8,790

 
 
 
$
41,451

 
 
 
$
23

 
 
 
$
50,270

 
 
(1) 
Average yield is computed using the effective yield of each security at the end of the period, weighted based on the amortized cost of each security. The effective yield considers the contractual coupon, amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts, and excludes the effect of related hedging derivatives.
(2) 
Substantially all U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities.

The gross realized gains and losses on sales of AFS debt securities for 2012, 2011 and 2010 are presented in the table below.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains and Losses on Sales of AFS Debt Securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in millions)
2012
 
2011
 
2010
Gross gains
$
2,128

 
$
3,685

 
$
3,995

Gross losses
(466
)
 
(311
)
 
(1,469
)
Net gains on sales of AFS debt securities
$
1,662

 
$
3,374

 
$
2,526

Income tax expense attributable to realized net gains on sales of AFS debt securities
$
615

 
$
1,248

 
$
935


Certain Corporate and Strategic Investments
At December 31, 2012 and 2011, the Corporation owned 2.0 billion shares representing approximately one percent of China Construction Bank Corporation (CCB). Sales restrictions on these shares continue until August 2013. Because the sales restrictions on these shares will expire within one year, these securities are accounted for as AFS marketable equity securities and are carried at fair value with the after-tax unrealized gain included in accumulated OCI. At December 31, 2011, this investment was accounted for at cost. The carrying value of the investment at December 31, 2012 and 2011 was $1.4 billion and $716 million, and the cost basis and the fair value were $716 million and $1.4 billion for both periods. There is a strategic assistance agreement between the Corporation and CCB, which includes cooperation in specific business areas.
The Corporation’s 49 percent investment in a merchant services joint venture had a carrying value of $3.3 billion and $3.4 billion at December 31, 2012 and 2011. For additional information, see Note 13 – Commitments and Contingencies.