Outstanding Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses

v3.22.1

Outstanding Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022
Receivables [Abstract]
Outstanding Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses	Outstanding Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses The following tables present total outstanding loans and leases and an aging analysis for the Consumer Real Estate, Credit Card and Other Consumer, and Commercial portfolio segments, by class of financing receivables, at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. 30-59 Days  Past Due (1) 60-89 Days  Past Due (1) 90 Days or More Past Due (1) Total Past Due 30 Days or More Total  Current or  Less Than  30 Days  Past Due (1) Loans  Accounted  for Under  the Fair  Value  Option Total Outstandings (Dollars in millions) March 31, 2022 Consumer real estate             Residential mortgage $ 860  $ 245  $ 1,414  $ 2,519  $ 223,511  $ 226,030  Home equity 90  47  333  470  26,466  26,936  Credit card and other consumer Credit card 303  208  492  1,003  78,353  79,356  Direct/Indirect consumer (2) 162  38  19  219  105,535  105,754  Other consumer —  —  —  —  205  205  Total consumer 1,415  538  2,258  4,211  434,070  438,281  Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option (3)           $ 568  568  Total consumer loans and leases 1,415  538  2,258  4,211  434,070  568  438,849  Commercial U.S. commercial 1,192  205  374  1,771  329,202  330,973  Non-U.S. commercial 143  42  111  296  121,971  122,267  Commercial real estate (4) 405  58  283  746  61,787  62,533  Commercial lease financing 69  7  18  94  13,914  14,008  U.S. small business commercial (5) 76  58  321  455  17,517  17,972  Total commercial 1,885  370  1,107  3,362  544,391  547,753  Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option (3)           6,543  6,543  Total commercial loans and leases 1,885  370  1,107  3,362  544,391  6,543  554,296  Total loans and leases (6) $ 3,300  $ 908  $ 3,365  $ 7,573  $ 978,461  $ 7,111  $ 993,145  Percentage of outstandings 0.33  % 0.09  % 0.34  % 0.76  % 98.52  % 0.72  % 100.00  % (1)Consumer real estate loans 30-59 days past due includes fully-insured loans of $172 million and nonperforming loans of $90 million. Consumer real estate loans 60-89 days past due includes fully-insured loans of $72 million and nonperforming loans of $87 million. Consumer real estate loans 90 days or more past due includes fully-insured loans of $573 million. Consumer real estate loans current or less than 30 days past due includes $1.7 billion and direct/indirect consumer includes $49 million of nonperforming loans. (2)Total outstandings primarily includes auto and specialty lending loans and leases of $49.7 billion, U.S. securities-based lending loans of $51.9 billion and non-U.S. consumer loans of $3.2 billion. (3)Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option includes residential mortgage loans of $248 million and home equity loans of $320 million. Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option includes U.S. commercial loans of $4.0 billion and non-U.S. commercial loans of $2.6 billion. For more information, see Note 14 – Fair Value Measurements and Note 15 – Fair Value Option. (4)Total outstandings includes U.S. commercial real estate loans of $58.3 billion and non-U.S. commercial real estate loans of $4.3 billion. (5)Includes Paycheck Protection Program loans. (6)Total outstandings includes loans and leases pledged as collateral of $13.0 billion. The Corporation also pledged $147.4 billion of loans with no related outstanding borrowings to secure potential borrowing capacity with the Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank. 30-59 Days Past Due (1) 60-89 Days  Past Due (1) 90 Days or More Past Due (1) Total Past Due 30 Days or More Total Current or Less Than 30 Days Past Due (1) Loans Accounted for Under the Fair Value Option Total Outstandings (Dollars in millions) December 31, 2021 Consumer real estate             Residential mortgage $ 1,005  $ 297  $ 1,571  $ 2,873  $ 219,090  $ 221,963  Home equity 123  69  369  561  27,374  27,935  Credit card and other consumer           Credit card 298  212  487  997  80,441    81,438  Direct/Indirect consumer (2) 147  52  18  217  103,343    103,560  Other consumer  —  —  —  —  190    190  Total consumer 1,573  630  2,445  4,648  430,438  435,086  Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option (3) $ 618  618  Total consumer loans and leases 1,573  630  2,445  4,648  430,438  618  435,704  Commercial               U.S. commercial 815  308  396  1,519  324,417    325,936  Non-U.S. commercial 148  20  83  251  113,015    113,266  Commercial real estate (4) 115  34  285  434  62,575    63,009  Commercial lease financing 104  28  13  145  14,680    14,825  U.S. small business commercial (5) 129  259  89  477  18,706    19,183  Total commercial 1,311  649  866  2,826  533,393    536,219  Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option (3) 7,201  7,201  Total commercial loans and leases 1,311  649  866  2,826  533,393  7,201  543,420  Total loans and leases (6) $ 2,884  $ 1,279  $ 3,311  $ 7,474  $ 963,831  $ 7,819  $ 979,124  Percentage of outstandings 0.29  % 0.13  % 0.34  % 0.76  % 98.44  % 0.80  % 100.00  % (1)Consumer real estate loans 30-59 days past due includes fully-insured loans of $164 million and nonperforming loans of $118 million. Consumer real estate loans 60-89 days past due includes fully-insured loans of $89 million and nonperforming loans of $100 million. Consumer real estate loans 90 days or more past due includes fully-insured loans of $633 million. Consumer real estate loans current or less than 30 days past due includes $1.4 billion and direct/indirect consumer includes $55 million of nonperforming loans. (2)Total outstandings primarily includes auto and specialty lending loans and leases of $48.5 billion, U.S. securities-based lending loans of $51.1 billion and non-U.S. consumer loans of $3.0 billion. (3)Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option includes residential mortgage loans of $279 million and home equity loans of $339 million. Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option includes U.S. commercial loans of $4.6 billion and non-U.S. commercial loans of $2.6 billion. For more information, see Note 14 – Fair Value Measurements and Note 15 – Fair Value Option. (4)Total outstandings includes U.S. commercial real estate loans of $58.2 billion and non-U.S. commercial real estate loans of $4.8 billion. (5)Includes Paycheck Protection Program loans. (6)Total outstandings includes loans and leases pledged as collateral of $13.0 billion. The Corporation also pledged $146.6 billion of loans with no related outstanding borrowings to secure potential borrowing capacity with the Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank. The Corporation has entered into long-term credit protection agreements with FNMA and FHLMC on loans totaling $10.3 billion and $10.5 billion at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, providing full credit protection on residential mortgage loans that become severely delinquent. All of these loans are individually insured, and therefore the Corporation does not record an allowance for credit losses related to these loans. Nonperforming Loans and Leases Commercial nonperforming loans decreased to $1.5 billion at March 31, 2022 from $1.6 billion at December 31, 2021. Consumer nonperforming loans increased to $3.1 billion at March 31, 2022 from $3.0 billion at December 31, 2021 primarily due to loans with expired payment deferrals that were modified in TDRs during the quarter. The following table presents the Corporation’s nonperforming loans and leases, including nonperforming TDRs, and loans accruing past due 90 days or more at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Nonperforming loans held-for-sale (LHFS) are excluded from nonperforming loans and leases as they are recorded at either fair value or the lower of cost or fair value. For more information on the criteria for classification as nonperforming, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Credit Quality Nonperforming Loans and Leases Accruing Past Due 90 Days or More (Dollars in millions) March 31 2022 December 31 2021 March 31 2022 December 31 2021 Residential mortgage (1) $ 2,422  $ 2,284  $ 574  $ 634  With no related allowance (2) 1,840  1,950  —  —  Home equity (1) 615  630  —  —  With no related allowance (2) 375  414  —  —  Credit Card                      n/a               n/a 492  487  Direct/indirect consumer 67  75  11  11  Total consumer 3,104  2,989  1,077  1,132  U.S. commercial 818  825  195  171  Non-U.S. commercial 268  268  49  19  Commercial real estate 361  382  17  40  Commercial lease financing 54  80  14  8  U.S. small business commercial 20  23  321  87  Total commercial 1,521  1,578  596  325  Total nonperforming loans $ 4,625  $ 4,567  $ 1,673  $ 1,457  Percentage of outstanding loans and leases 0.47  % 0.47  % 0.17  % 0.15  % (1)Residential mortgage loans accruing past due 90 days or more are fully-insured loans. At March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 residential mortgage includes $468 million and $444 million of loans on which interest had been curtailed by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), and therefore were no longer accruing interest, although principal was still insured, and $106 million and $190 million of loans on which interest was still accruing. (2)Primarily relates to loans for which the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral less any costs to sell is greater than the amortized cost of the loans as of the reporting date. n/a = not applicable Credit Quality Indicators The Corporation monitors credit quality within its Consumer Real Estate, Credit Card and Other Consumer, and Commercial portfolio segments based on primary credit quality indicators. For more information on the portfolio segments, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Within the Consumer Real Estate portfolio segment, the primary credit quality indicators are refreshed loan-to-value (LTV) and refreshed Fair Isaac Corporation (FICO) score. Refreshed LTV measures the carrying value of the loan as a percentage of the value of the property securing the loan, refreshed quarterly. Home equity loans are evaluated using combined loan-to-value (CLTV), which measures the carrying value of the Corporation’s loan and available line of credit combined with any outstanding senior liens against the property as a percentage of the value of the property securing the loan, refreshed quarterly. FICO score measures the creditworthiness of the borrower based on the financial obligations of the borrower and the borrower’s credit history. FICO scores are typically refreshed quarterly or more frequently. Certain borrowers (e.g., borrowers that have had debts discharged in a bankruptcy proceeding) may not have their FICO scores updated. FICO scores are also a primary credit quality indicator for the Credit Card and Other Consumer portfolio segment and the business card portfolio within U.S. small business commercial. Within the Commercial portfolio segment, loans are evaluated using the internal classifications of pass rated or reservable criticized as the primary credit quality indicators. The term reservable criticized refers to those commercial loans that are internally classified or listed by the Corporation as Special Mention, Substandard or Doubtful, which are asset quality categories defined by regulatory authorities. These assets have an elevated level of risk and may have a high probability of default or total loss. Pass rated refers to all loans not considered reservable criticized. In addition to these primary credit quality indicators, the Corporation uses other credit quality indicators for certain types of loans. The following tables present certain credit quality indicators for the Corporation's Consumer Real Estate, Credit Card and Other Consumer, and Commercial portfolio segments by class of financing receivables and year of origination for term loan balances at March 31, 2022, including revolving loans that converted to term loans without an additional credit decision after origination or through a TDR. Residential Mortgage – Credit Quality Indicators By Vintage Term Loans by Origination Year (Dollars in millions) Total as of March 31,  2022 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Residential Mortgage Refreshed LTV       Less than or equal to 90 percent $ 210,901  $ 15,809  $ 85,059  $ 40,815  $ 21,330  $ 6,728  $ 41,160  Greater than 90 percent but less than or equal to 100 percent 1,920  377  1,107  299  50  15  72  Greater than 100 percent 798  172  384  123  31  9  79  Fully-insured loans 12,411  128  3,906  3,361  1,072  193  3,751  Total Residential Mortgage $ 226,030  $ 16,486  $ 90,456  $ 44,598  $ 22,483  $ 6,945  $ 45,062  Residential Mortgage Refreshed FICO score Less than 620 $ 2,347  $ 144  $ 555  $ 415  $ 135  $ 99  $ 999  Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 680 5,252  394  1,470  994  449  285  1,660  Greater than or equal to 680 and less than 740 24,057  1,595  8,401  4,967  2,415  963  5,716  Greater than or equal to 740 181,963  14,225  76,124  34,861  18,412  5,405  32,936  Fully-insured loans 12,411  128  3,906  3,361  1,072  193  3,751  Total Residential Mortgage $ 226,030  $ 16,486  $ 90,456  $ 44,598  $ 22,483  $ 6,945  $ 45,062  Home Equity - Credit Quality Indicators Total Home Equity Loans and Reverse Mortgages (1) Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans (Dollars in millions) March 31, 2022 Home Equity Refreshed LTV       Less than or equal to 90 percent $ 26,616  $ 1,635  $ 18,736  $ 6,245  Greater than 90 percent but less than or equal to 100 percent 125  55  33  37  Greater than 100 percent 195  81  55  59  Total Home Equity $ 26,936  $ 1,771  $ 18,824  $ 6,341  Home Equity Refreshed FICO score Less than 620 $ 814  $ 223  $ 190  $ 401  Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 680 1,350  202  471  677  Greater than or equal to 680 and less than 740 4,362  441  2,401  1,520  Greater than or equal to 740 20,410  905  15,762  3,743  Total Home Equity $ 26,936  $ 1,771  $ 18,824  $ 6,341  (1)Includes reverse mortgages of $1.2 billion and home equity loans of $531 million, which are no longer originated. Credit Card and Direct/Indirect Consumer – Credit Quality Indicators By Vintage Direct/Indirect Term Loans by Origination Year Credit Card (Dollars in millions) Total Direct/ Indirect as of March 31,  2022 Revolving Loans 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Total Credit Card as of March 31,  2022 Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans (1) Refreshed FICO score     Less than 620 $ 697  $ 12  $ 27  $ 222  $ 115  $ 117  $ 67  $ 137  $ 3,006  $ 2,848  $ 158  Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 680 2,331  13  273  1,077  373  269  121  205  9,070  8,881  189  Greater than or equal to 680 and less than 740 8,582  56  1,313  3,929  1,443  924  373  544  27,436  27,256  180  Greater than or equal to 740 38,247  88  5,145  14,606  7,812  5,496  2,195  2,905  39,844  39,799  45  Other internal credit    metrics (2,3) 55,897  55,121  83  315  52  75  44  207  —  —  —  Total credit card and other    consumer $ 105,754  $ 55,290  $ 6,841  $ 20,149  $ 9,795  $ 6,881  $ 2,800  $ 3,998  $ 79,356  $ 78,784  $ 572  (1)Represents TDRs that were modified into term loans. (2)Other internal credit metrics may include delinquency status, geography or other factors. (3)Direct/indirect consumer includes $55.1 billion of securities-based lending which is typically supported by highly liquid collateral with market value greater than or equal to the outstanding loan balance and therefore has minimal credit risk at March 31, 2022. Commercial – Credit Quality Indicators By Vintage (1) Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (Dollars in millions) Total as of March 31,  2022 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Revolving Loans U.S. Commercial Risk ratings         Pass rated $ 321,428  $ 12,007  $ 52,543  $ 23,219  $ 21,446  $ 10,728  $ 34,128  $ 167,357  Reservable criticized 9,545  19  658  710  1,150  1,471  1,206  4,331  Total U.S. Commercial $ 330,973  $ 12,026  $ 53,201  $ 23,929  $ 22,596  $ 12,199  $ 35,334  $ 171,688  Non-U.S. Commercial Risk ratings Pass rated $ 119,178  $ 5,923  $ 24,744  $ 7,734  $ 6,085  $ 3,821  $ 5,428  $ 65,443  Reservable criticized 3,089  60  407  528  431  180  718  765  Total Non-U.S. Commercial $ 122,267  $ 5,983  $ 25,151  $ 8,262  $ 6,516  $ 4,001  $ 6,146  $ 66,208  Commercial Real Estate Risk ratings Pass rated $ 56,247  $ 3,355  $ 13,667  $ 6,787  $ 10,000  $ 5,456  $ 9,285  $ 7,697  Reservable criticized 6,286  7  379  715  2,034  1,465  1,521  165  Total Commercial Real Estate $ 62,533  $ 3,362  $ 14,046  $ 7,502  $ 12,034  $ 6,921  $ 10,806  $ 7,862  Commercial Lease Financing Risk ratings Pass rated $ 13,643  $ 464  $ 3,016  $ 2,232  $ 2,220  $ 1,815  $ 3,896  $ —  Reservable criticized 365  —  28  30  104  59  144  —  Total Commercial Lease Financing $ 14,008  $ 464  $ 3,044  $ 2,262  $ 2,324  $ 1,874  $ 4,040  $ —  U.S. Small Business Commercial (2) Risk ratings Pass rated $ 10,008  $ 383  $ 3,089  $ 2,353  $ 994  $ 734  $ 2,316  $ 139  Reservable criticized 388  —  16  30  94  75  171  2  Total U.S. Small Business Commercial $ 10,396  $ 383  $ 3,105  $ 2,383  $ 1,088  $ 809  $ 2,487  $ 141   Total $ 540,177  $ 22,218  $ 98,547  $ 44,338  $ 44,558  $ 25,804  $ 58,813  $ 245,899  (1) Excludes $6.5 billion of loans accounted for under the fair value option at March 31, 2022. (2)     Excludes U.S. Small Business Card loans of $7.6 billion. Refreshed FICO scores for this portfolio are $198 million for less than 620; $658 million for greater than or equal to 620 and less than 680; $2.0 billion for greater than or equal to 680 and less than 740; and $4.7 billion greater than or equal to 740. The following tables present certain credit quality indicators for the Corporation's Consumer Real Estate, Credit Card and Other Consumer, and Commercial portfolio segments by class of financing receivables and year of origination for term loan balances at December 31, 2021, including revolving loans that converted to term loans without an additional credit decision after origination or through a TDR. Residential Mortgage – Credit Quality Indicators By Vintage Term Loans by Origination Year (Dollars in millions) Total as of  December 31,  2021 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Residential Mortgage Refreshed LTV Less than or equal to 90 percent $ 206,562  $ 87,051  $ 43,597  $ 23,205  $ 7,392  $ 10,956  $ 34,361  Greater than 90 percent but less than or equal to 100 percent 1,938  1,401  331  81  17  14  94  Greater than 100 percent 759  520  112  29  11  12  75  Fully-insured loans 12,704  3,845  3,486  1,150  216  235  3,772  Total Residential Mortgage $ 221,963  $ 92,817  $ 47,526  $ 24,465  $ 7,636  $ 11,217  $ 38,302  Residential Mortgage Refreshed FICO score Less than 620 $ 2,451  $ 636  $ 442  $ 140  $ 120  $ 104  $ 1,009  Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 680 5,199  1,511  1,123  477  294  307  1,487  Greater than or equal to 680 and less than 740 24,532  8,822  5,454  2,785  1,057  1,434  4,980  Greater than or equal to 740 177,077  78,003  37,021  19,913  5,949  9,137  27,054  Fully-insured loans 12,704  3,845  3,486  1,150  216  235  3,772  Total Residential Mortgage $ 221,963  $ 92,817  $ 47,526  $ 24,465  $ 7,636  $ 11,217  $ 38,302  Home Equity - Credit Quality Indicators Total Home Equity Loans and Reverse Mortgages (1) Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans (Dollars in millions) December 31, 2021 Home Equity Refreshed LTV Less than or equal to 90 percent $ 27,594  $ 1,773  $ 19,095  $ 6,726  Greater than 90 percent but less than or equal to 100 percent 130  55  34  41  Greater than 100 percent 211  85  54  72  Total Home Equity $ 27,935  $ 1,913  $ 19,183  $ 6,839  Home Equity Refreshed FICO score Less than 620 $ 893  $ 244  $ 209  $ 440  Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 680 1,434  222  495  717  Greater than or equal to 680 and less than 740 4,625  468  2,493  1,664  Greater than or equal to 740 20,983  979  15,986  4,018  Total Home Equity $ 27,935  $ 1,913  $ 19,183  $ 6,839  (1)Includes reverse mortgages of $1.3 billion and home equity loans of $582 million, which are no longer originated. Credit Card and Direct/Indirect Consumer – Credit Quality Indicators By Vintage Direct/Indirect Term Loans by Origination Year Credit Card (Dollars in millions) Total Direct/Indirect as of December 31, 2021 Revolving Loans 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Total Credit Card as of December 31, 2021 Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans (1) Refreshed FICO score Less than 620 $ 685  $ 13  $ 179  $ 115  $ 129  $ 79  $ 101  $ 69  $ 3,017  $ 2,857  $ 160  Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 680 2,313  14  1,170  414  313  148  134  120  9,264  9,064  200  Greater than or equal to 680 and less than 740 8,530  60  4,552  1,659  1,126  466  314  353  28,347  28,155  192  Greater than or equal to 740 37,164  94  15,876  8,642  6,465  2,679  1,573  1,835  40,810  40,762  48  Other internal credit    metrics (2, 3) 54,868  54,173  283  53  77  75  63  144  —  —  —  Total credit card and other    consumer $ 103,560  $ 54,354  $ 22,060  $ 10,883  $ 8,110  $ 3,447  $ 2,185  $ 2,521  $ 81,438  $ 80,838  $ 600  (1)Represents TDRs that were modified into term loans. (2)Other internal credit metrics may include delinquency status, geography or other factors. (3)Direct/indirect consumer includes $54.2 billion of securities-based lending which is typically supported by highly liquid collateral with market value greater than or equal to the outstanding loan balance and therefore has minimal credit risk at December 31, 2021. Commercial – Credit Quality Indicators By Vintage (1) Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (Dollars in millions) Total as of December 31, 2021 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Revolving Loans U.S. Commercial Risk ratings         Pass rated $ 315,618  $ 55,862  $ 25,012  $ 23,373  $ 11,439  $ 10,426  $ 23,877  $ 165,629  Reservable criticized 10,318  598  687  1,308  1,615  514  1,072  4,524  Total U.S. Commercial $ 325,936  $ 56,460  $ 25,699  $ 24,681  $ 13,054  $ 10,940  $ 24,949  $ 170,153  Non-U.S. Commercial Risk ratings Pass rated $ 110,787  $ 25,749  $ 8,703  $ 7,133  $ 4,521  $ 3,016  $ 3,062  $ 58,603  Reservable criticized 2,479  223  324  487  275  257  216  697  Total Non-U.S. Commercial $ 113,266  $ 25,972  $ 9,027  $ 7,620  $ 4,796  $ 3,273  $ 3,278  $ 59,300  Commercial Real Estate Risk ratings Pass rated $ 55,511  $ 14,402  $ 7,244  $ 11,237  $ 5,710  $ 3,326  $ 6,831  $ 6,761  Reservable criticized 7,498  277  990  2,237  1,710  596  1,464  224  Total Commercial Real Estate $ 63,009  $ 14,679  $ 8,234  $ 13,474  $ 7,420  $ 3,922  $ 8,295  $ 6,985  Commercial Lease Financing Risk ratings Pass rated $ 14,438  $ 3,280  $ 2,485  $ 2,427  $ 2,030  $ 1,741  $ 2,475  $ —  Reservable criticized 387  25  18  91  67  48  138  —  Total Commercial Lease Financing $ 14,825  $ 3,305  $ 2,503  $ 2,518  $ 2,097  $ 1,789  $ 2,613  $ —  U.S. Small Business Commercial (2) Risk ratings Pass rated $ 11,618  $ 4,257  $ 2,922  $ 1,059  $ 763  $ 623  $ 1,853  $ 141  Reservable criticized 433  12  29  91  87  64  147  3  Total U.S. Small Business Commercial $ 12,051  $ 4,269  $ 2,951  $ 1,150  $ 850  $ 687  $ 2,000  $ 144   Total $ 529,087  $ 104,685  $ 48,414  $ 49,443  $ 28,217  $ 20,611  $ 41,135  $ 236,582  (1) Excludes $7.2 billion of loans accounted for under the fair value option at December 31, 2021. (2) Excludes U.S. Small Business Card loans of $7.1 billion. Refreshed FICO scores for this portfolio are $192 million for less than 620; $618 million for greater than or equal to 620 and less than 680; $1.9 billion for greater than or equal to 680 and less than 740; and $4.4 billion greater than or equal to 740. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, commercial credit quality showed signs of stabilization as the economy continued to improve. Commercial reservable criticized utilized exposure decreased to $20.7 billion at March 31, 2022 from $22.4 billion (to 3.54 percent from 3.91 percent of total commercial reservable utilized exposure) at December 31, 2021, which was broad-based across industries. Troubled Debt Restructurings Consumer Real Estate Modifications of consumer real estate loans are classified as TDRs when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties and a concession has been granted. Concessions may include reductions in interest rates, capitalization of past due amounts, principal and/or interest forbearance, payment extensions, principal and/or interest forgiveness, or combinations thereof. Prior to permanently modifying a loan, the Corporation may enter into trial modifications with certain borrowers under both government and proprietary programs. Trial modifications generally represent a three- to four-month period during which the borrower makes monthly payments under the anticipated modified payment terms. Upon successful completion of the trial period, the Corporation and the borrower enter into a permanent modification. Binding trial modifications are classified as TDRs when the trial offer is made and continue to be classified as TDRs regardless of whether the borrower enters into a permanent modification. Consumer real estate loans of $280 million that have been discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy with no change in repayment terms and not reaffirmed by the borrower were included in TDRs at March 31, 2022, of which $78 million were classified as nonperforming and $49 million were loans fully insured. At March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, remaining commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whose terms have been modified in a consumer real estate TDR were not significant. Consumer real estate foreclosed properties totaled $118 million and $101 million at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The carrying value of consumer real estate loans, including fully-insured loans, for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was $1.0 billion and $1.1 billion. During the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the Corporation reclassified $56 million and $10 million of consumer real estate loans to foreclosed properties or, for properties acquired upon foreclosure of certain government-guaranteed loans (principally FHA-insured loans), to other assets. The reclassifications represent non-cash investing activities and, accordingly, are not reflected in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. The table below presents the March 31, 2022 and 2021 unpaid principal balance, carrying value, and average pre- and post-modification interest rates of consumer real estate loans that were modified in TDRs during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021. The following Consumer Real Estate portfolio segment tables include loans that were initially classified as TDRs during the period and also loans that had previously been classified as TDRs and were modified again during the period. Consumer Real Estate – TDRs Entered into During the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 Unpaid Principal Balance Carrying Value Pre-Modification Interest Rate Post-Modification Interest Rate (1) (Dollars in millions) March 31, 2022 Residential mortgage $ 585  $ 539  3.50  % 3.33  % Home equity 92  75  3.62  3.63  Total $ 677  $ 614  3.52  3.37  March 31, 2021 Residential mortgage $ 519  $ 464  3.50  % 3.48  % Home equity 62  49  3.43  3.44  Total $ 581  $ 513  3.49  3.48  (1)The post-modification interest rate reflects the interest rate applicable only to permanently completed modifications, which exclude loans that are in a trial modification period. The table below presents the March 31, 2022 and 2021 carrying value for consumer real estate loans that were modified in a TDR during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, by type of modification. Consumer Real Estate – Modification Programs TDRs Entered into During the Three Months Ended March 31 (Dollars in millions) 2022 2021 Modifications under government programs $ —  $ 1  Modifications under proprietary programs 552  472  Loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy (1) 5  11  Trial modifications 57  29  Total modifications $ 614  $ 513  (1)Includes loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy with no change in repayment terms that are classified as TDRs. The table below presents the carrying value of consumer real estate loans that entered into payment default during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 that were modified in a TDR during the 12 months preceding payment default. A payment default for consumer real estate TDRs is recognized when a borrower has missed three monthly payments (not necessarily consecutively) since modification. Consumer Real Estate – TDRs Entering Payment Default that were Modified During the Preceding 12 Months Three Months Ended March 31 (Dollars in millions) 2022 2021 Modifications under government programs $ —  $ 1  Modifications under proprietary programs 40  12  Loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy (1) 1  3  Trial modifications (2) 4  6  Total modifications $ 45  $ 22  (1)Includes loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy with no change in repayment terms that are classified as TDRs. (2)Includes trial modification offers to which the customer did not respond. Credit Card and Other Consumer The Corporation seeks to assist customers who are experiencing financial difficulty by modifying loans while ensuring compliance with federal and local laws and guidelines. Credit card and other consumer loan modifications generally involve reducing the interest rate on the account, placing the customer on a fixed payment plan not exceeding 60 months and canceling the customer’s available line of credit, all of which are considered TDRs. The Corporation makes loan modifications directly with borrowers for debt held only by the Corporation (internal programs). Additionally, the Corporation makes loan modifications for borrowers working with third-party renegotiation agencies that provide solutions to customers’ entire unsecured debt structures (external programs). The Corporation classifies other secured consumer loans that have been discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy as TDRs, which are written down to collateral value and placed on nonaccrual status no later than the time of discharge. The table below provides information on the Corporation’s Credit Card and Other Consumer TDR portfolio including the March 31, 2022 and 2021 unpaid principal balance, carrying value, and average pre- and post-modification interest rates of loans that were modified in TDRs during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021. Credit Card and Other Consumer – TDRs Entered into During the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 and 2021   Unpaid Principal Balance Carrying Value (1) Pre-Modification Interest Rate Post-Modification Interest Rate (Dollars in millions) March 31, 2022 Credit card $ 69  $ 73  18.67  % 3.69  % Direct/Indirect consumer 4  3  5.75  5.75  Total $ 73  $ 76  18.03  3.77  March 31, 2021 Credit card $ 82  $ 90  18.55  % 4.97  % Direct/Indirect consumer 8  5  5.64  5.64  Total $ 90  $ 95  17.85  5.01  (1)Includes accrued interest and fees. The table below presents the March 31, 2022 and 2021 carrying value for Credit Card and Other Consumer loans that were modified in a TDR during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 by program type. Credit Card and Other Consumer – TDRs by Program Type (1) TDRs Entered into During the Three Months Ended March 31 (Dollars in millions) 2022 2021 Internal programs $ 63  $ 74  External programs 10  17  Other 3  4  Total $ 76  $ 95  (1) Includes accrued interest and fees. Credit card and other consumer loans are deemed to be in payment default during the quarter in which a borrower misses the second of two consecutive payments. Payment defaults are one of the factors considered when projecting future cash flows in the calculation of the allowance for loan and lease losses for credit card and other consumer. Based on historical experience, the Corporation estimates that 10 percent of new credit card TDRs and 17 percent of new direct/indirect consumer TDRs may be in payment default within 12 months after modification. Commercial Loans Modifications of loans to commercial borrowers that are experiencing financial difficulty are designed to reduce the Corporation’s loss exposure while providing the borrower with an opportunity to work through financial difficulties, often to avoid foreclosure or bankruptcy. Each modification is unique and reflects the individual circumstances of the borrower. Modifications that result in a TDR may include extensions of maturity at a concessionary (below market) rate of interest, payment forbearances or other actions designed to benefit the borrower while mitigating the Corporation’s risk exposure. Reductions in interest rates are rare. Instead, the interest rates are typically increased, although the increased rate may not represent a market rate of interest. Infrequently, concessions may also include principal forgiveness in connection with foreclosure, short sale or other settlement agreements leading to termination or sale of the loan. At the time of restructuring, the loans are remeasured to reflect the impact, if any, on projected cash flows resulting from the modified terms. If a portion of the loan is deemed to be uncollectible, a charge-off may be recorded at the time of restructuring. Alternatively, a charge-off may have already been recorded in a previous period such that no charge-off is required at the time of modification. During the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the carrying value of the Corporation’s commercial loans that were modified as TDRs was $848 million and $680 million. At March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Corporation had commitments to lend $386 million and $283 million to commercial borrowers whose loans were classified as TDRs. The balance of commercial TDRs in payment default was $258 million and $262 million at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Loans Held-for-sale The Corporation had LHFS of $10.3 billion and $15.6 billion at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Cash and non-cash proceeds from sales and paydowns of loans originally classified as LHFS were $13.3 billion and $9.9 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021. Cash used for originations and purchases of LHFS totaled $6.8 billion and $8.3 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021. Also included were non-cash net transfers into LHFS of $1.5 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2022, primarily driven by the transfer of a $1.6 billion affinity card loan portfolio to held for sale in anticipation of its sale later in 2022, and $481 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021. Accrued Interest Receivable Accrued interest receivable for loans and leases and loans held-for-sale at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was $2.3 billion and $2.2 billion and is reported in customer and other receivables on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Outstanding credit card loan balances include unpaid principal, interest and fees. Credit card loans are not classified as nonperforming but are charged off no later than the end of the month in which the account becomes 180 days past due, within 60 days after receipt of notification of death or bankruptcy, or upon confirmation of fraud. During the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the Corporation reversed $131 million and $158 million of interest and fee income against the income statement line item in which it was originally recorded upon charge-off of the principal balance of the loan. For the outstanding residential mortgage, home equity, direct/indirect consumer and commercial loan balances classified as nonperforming during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, interest and fee income reversed at the time the loans were classified as nonperforming was not significant. For more information on the Corporation's nonperforming loan policies, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K Allowance for Credit Losses The allowance for credit losses is estimated using quantitative and qualitative methods that consider a variety of factors, such as historical loss experience, the current credit quality of the portfolio and an economic outlook over the life of the loan. Qualitative reserves cover losses that are expected but, in the Corporation's assessment, may not be adequately reflected in the quantitative methods or the economic assumptions. The Corporation incorporates forward-looking information through the use of several macroeconomic scenarios in determining the weighted economic outlook over the forecasted life of the assets. These scenarios include key macroeconomic variables such as gross domestic product, unemployment rate, real estate prices and corporate bond spreads. The scenarios that are chosen each quarter and the weighting given to each scenario depend on a variety of factors including recent economic events, leading economic indicators, internal and third-party economist views, and industry trends. For more information on the Corporation's credit loss accounting policies including the allowance for credit losses, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The March 31, 2022 estimate for allowance for credit losses was based on various economic outlooks that included a baseline scenario, which is derived from consensus estimates, a downside scenario that assumed a significantly longer period until full economic recovery, a tail risk scenario similar to the severely adverse scenario used in stress testing, and a scenario to account for inflationary risk and higher interest rates at levels above what is already factored into the Corporation’s baseline and other downside scenarios. The Corporation’s upside scenario was removed as of March 31, 2022 given that the recent geopolitical environment may limit an upside outlook. The weighted economic outlook assumes that the U.S. average unemployment rate will be 5.0 percent by the fourth quarter of 2022 and thereafter will slowly decline to just above 4.5 percent by the fourth quarter of 2023. Additionally, in this economic outlook, U.S. gross domestic product is forecasted to grow at 1.4 percent year-over-year in the fourth quarters of 2022 and 2023. While asset quality continues to point to economic recovery and there have been signs of relief from the COVID-19 pandemic (the pandemic), uncertainty remains about the timing and strength of the economy’s recovery, which could be hampered by broader economic impacts as a result of the current geopolitical situation, supply chain disruptions and inflationary pressures, and could lead to adverse impacts to credit quality metrics in future periods. As such, the Corporation has factored the aforementioned uncertainties into its allowance for credit losses. The allowance for credit losses at March 31, 2022 was $13.5 billion, a decrease of $360 million compared to December 31, 2021. The decrease in the allowance for credit losses was primarily driven by credit quality improvements, offset by a reserve build related to Russian exposure and loan growth. The change in the allowance for credit losses was comprised of a net decrease of $283 million in the allowance for loan and lease losses and a $77 million decrease in the reserve for unfunded lending commitments. The decrease in the allowance for credit losses was attributed to $89 million in the consumer real estate portfolio, $234 million in the credit card and other consumer portfolio, and $37 million in the commercial portfolio. The provision for credit losses was $30 million during three months ended March 31, 2022, as asset quality improvements were offset by a reserve build related to Russian exposure and loan growth. The provision for credit losses increased $1.9 billion compared to the same period in 2021, primarily due to the impact of the improved macroeconomic outlook in the prior-year period. Outstanding loans and leases excluding loans accounted for under the fair value option increased $14.7 billion during the three months ended March 31, 2022 driven by commercial loans, which increased $12.7 billion excluding small business, primarily driven by Global Banking. Consumer loans increased $3.2 billion primarily driven by new originations in Residential Mortgage. The changes in the allowance for credit losses, including net charge-offs and provision for loan and lease losses, are detailed in the table below. Consumer Real Estate Credit Card and  Other Consumer Commercial Total (Dollars in millions) Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 Allowance for loan and lease losses, January 1 $ 557  $ 6,476  $ 5,354  $ 12,387  Loans and leases charged off (23) (619) (92) (734) Recoveries of loans and leases previously charged off 63  239  40  342  Net charge-offs 40  (380) (52) (392) Provision for loan and lease losses (126) 146  88  108  Other 2  —  (1) 1  Allowance for loan and lease losses, March 31 473  6,242  5,389  12,104  Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, January 1 96  —  1,360  1,456  Provision for unfunded lending commitments (6) —  (72) (78) Other 1  —  —  1  Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, March 31 91  —  1,288  1,379  Allowance for credit losses, March 31 $ 564  $ 6,242  $ 6,677  $ 13,483  Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 Allowance for loan and lease losses, January 1 $ 858  $ 9,213  $ 8,731  $ 18,802  Loans and leases charged off (15) (977) (194) (1,186) Recoveries of loans and leases previously charged off 54  245  64  363  Net charge-offs 39  (732) (130) (823) Provision for loan and lease losses (207) (536) (1,068) (1,811) Other (1) 1  —  —  Allowance for loan and lease losses, March 31 689  7,946  7,533  16,168  Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, January 1 137  —  1,741  1,878  Provision for unfunded lending commitments (13) —  (36) (49) Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, March 31 124  —  1,705  1,829  Allowance for credit losses, March 31 $ 813  $ 7,946  $ 9,238  $ 17,997