Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

Fair Value Measurements

v3.23.1
Fair Value Measurements
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value Measurements Fair Value Measurements
Under applicable accounting standards, fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement
date. The Corporation determines the fair values of its financial instruments under applicable accounting standards and conducts a review of fair value hierarchy classifications on a quarterly basis. Transfers into or out of fair value hierarchy classifications are made if the significant inputs used in the financial models measuring the fair values of the assets and liabilities become unobservable or observable in the current
marketplace. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, there were no changes to valuation approaches or techniques that had, or are expected to have, a material impact on the Corporation’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.
For more information regarding the fair value hierarchy, how the Corporation measures fair value and valuation techniques, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles and Note 20 – Fair Value Measurements to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The Corporation accounts for certain financial instruments under the fair value option. For more information, see Note 15 – Fair Value Option.
Recurring Fair Value
Assets and liabilities carried at fair value on a recurring basis at
March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, including financial instruments that the Corporation accounts for under the fair value option, are summarized in the following tables.
March 31, 2023
  Fair Value Measurements
(Dollars in millions) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Netting Adjustments (1)
Assets/Liabilities at Fair Value
Assets          
Time deposits placed and other short-term investments
 $ 921  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 921 
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell
 —  163,505  —  —  163,505 
Trading account assets:          
U.S. Treasury and government agencies 63,966  8  —  —  63,974 
Corporate securities, trading loans and other —  41,121  2,322  —  43,443 
Equity securities 90,424  37,493  212  —  128,129 
Non-U.S. sovereign debt 9,180  28,892  541  —  38,613 
Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS:
U.S. government-sponsored agency guaranteed —  30,959  11  —  30,970 
Mortgage trading loans, ABS and other MBS —  8,560  1,289  —  9,849 
Total trading account assets (2)
163,570  147,033  4,375  —  314,978 
Derivative assets 14,626  342,584  3,555  (319,818) 40,947 
AFS debt securities:          
U.S. Treasury and government agencies 100,579  928  —  —  101,507 
Mortgage-backed securities:          
Agency —  23,252  —  —  23,252 
Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations —  2,035  —  —  2,035 
Non-agency residential —  114  293  —  407 
Commercial —  6,440  —  —  6,440 
Non-U.S. securities —  12,933  187  —  13,120 
Other taxable securities —  4,746  —  —  4,746 
Tax-exempt securities —  10,852  51  —  10,903 
Total AFS debt securities 100,579  61,300  531  —  162,410 
Other debt securities carried at fair value:
U.S. Treasury and government agencies 1,323  —  —  —  1,323 
Non-agency residential MBS —  206  94  —  300 
Non-U.S. and other securities
 2,989  5,488  —  —  8,477 
Total other debt securities carried at fair value 4,312  5,694  94  —  10,100 
Loans and leases —  4,154  243  —  4,397 
Loans held-for-sale —  1,180  206  —  1,386 
Other assets (3)
9,905  877  1,769  —  12,551 
Total assets (4)
$ 293,913  $ 726,327  $ 10,773  $ (319,818) $ 711,195 
Liabilities          
Interest-bearing deposits in U.S. offices $ —  $ 378  $ —  $ —  $ 378 
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase
 —  234,338  —  —  234,338 
Trading account liabilities:        
U.S. Treasury and government agencies 13,886  5  —  —  13,891 
Equity securities 44,410  5,528  —  —  49,938 
Non-U.S. sovereign debt 12,659  8,165  —  —  20,824 
Corporate securities and other —  7,735  64  —  7,799 
Total trading account liabilities 70,955  21,433  64  —  92,452 
Derivative liabilities 15,976  341,556  6,334  (323,697) 40,169 
Short-term borrowings —  1,796  9  —  1,805 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 11,042  2,597  20  —  13,659 
Long-term debt —  38,641  772  —  39,413 
Total liabilities (4)
$ 97,973  $ 640,739  $ 7,199  $ (323,697) $ 422,214 
(1)Amounts represent the impact of legally enforceable master netting agreements and also cash collateral held or placed with the same counterparties.
(2)Includes securities with a fair value of $18.2 billion that were segregated in compliance with securities regulations or deposited with clearing organizations. This amount is included in the parenthetical disclosure on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Trading account assets also includes certain commodities inventory of $91 million that is accounted for at the lower of cost or net realizable value, which is the current selling price less any costs to sell.
(3)Includes MSRs, which are classified as Level 3 assets, of $986 million.
(4)Total recurring Level 3 assets were 0.34 percent of total consolidated assets, and total recurring Level 3 liabilities were 0.25 percent of total consolidated liabilities.
December 31, 2022
Fair Value Measurements
(Dollars in millions) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Netting Adjustments (1)
Assets/Liabilities at Fair Value
Assets          
Time deposits placed and other short-term investments
 $ 868  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 868 
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell
 —  146,999  —  —  146,999 
Trading account assets:          
U.S. Treasury and government agencies 58,894  212  —  —  59,106 
Corporate securities, trading loans and other —  46,897  2,384  —  49,281 
Equity securities 77,868  35,065  145  —  113,078 
Non-U.S. sovereign debt 7,392  26,306  518  —  34,216 
Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS:
U.S. government-sponsored agency guaranteed —  28,563  34  —  28,597 
Mortgage trading loans, ABS and other MBS —  10,312  1,518  —  11,830 
Total trading account assets (2)
144,154  147,355  4,599  —  296,108 
Derivative assets 14,775  380,380  3,213  (349,726) 48,642 
AFS debt securities:          
U.S. Treasury and government agencies 158,102  920  —  —  159,022 
Mortgage-backed securities:          
Agency —  23,442  —  —  23,442 
Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations —  2,221  —  —  2,221 
Non-agency residential —  128  258  —  386 
Commercial —  6,407  —  —  6,407 
Non-U.S. securities —  13,212  195  —  13,407 
Other taxable securities —  4,645  —  —  4,645 
Tax-exempt securities —  11,207  51  —  11,258 
Total AFS debt securities 158,102  62,182  504  —  220,788 
Other debt securities carried at fair value:
U.S. Treasury and government agencies 561  —  —  —  561 
Non-agency residential MBS —  248  119  —  367 
Non-U.S. and other securities 3,027  5,251  —  —  8,278 
Total other debt securities carried at fair value 3,588  5,499  119  —  9,206 
Loans and leases —  5,518  253  —  5,771 
Loans held-for-sale —  883  232  —  1,115 
Other assets (3)
6,898  897  1,799  —  9,594 
Total assets (4)
$ 328,385  $ 749,713  $ 10,719  $ (349,726) $ 739,091 
Liabilities          
Interest-bearing deposits in U.S. offices $ —  $ 311  $ —  $ —  $ 311 
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase
 —  151,708  —  —  151,708 
Trading account liabilities:        
U.S. Treasury and government agencies 13,906  181  —  —  14,087 
Equity securities 36,937  4,825  —  —  41,762 
Non-U.S. sovereign debt 9,636  8,228  —  —  17,864 
Corporate securities and other —  6,628  58  —  6,686 
Total trading account liabilities 60,479  19,862  58  —  80,399 
Derivative liabilities 15,431  376,979  6,106  (353,700) 44,816 
Short-term borrowings —  818  14  —  832 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 7,458  2,262  32  —  9,752 
Long-term debt —  32,208  862  —  33,070 
Total liabilities (4)
$ 83,368  $ 584,148  $ 7,072  $ (353,700) $ 320,888 
(1)Amounts represent the impact of legally enforceable master netting agreements and also cash collateral held or placed with the same counterparties.
(2)Includes securities with a fair value of $16.6 billion that were segregated in compliance with securities regulations or deposited with clearing organizations. This amount is included in the parenthetical disclosure on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Trading account assets also includes certain commodities inventory of $40 million that is accounted for at the lower of cost or net realizable value, which is the current selling price less any costs to sell.
(3)Includes MSRs, which are classified as Level 3 assets, of $1.0 billion.
(4)Total recurring Level 3 assets were 0.35 percent of total consolidated assets, and total recurring Level 3 liabilities were 0.25 percent of total consolidated liabilities.
The following tables present a reconciliation of all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, including net realized and unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings and accumulated OCI. Transfers into Level 3 occur primarily due to
decreased price observability, and transfers out of Level 3 occur primarily due to increased price observability. Transfers occur on a regular basis for long-term debt instruments due to changes in the impact of unobservable inputs on the value of the embedded derivative in relation to the instrument as a whole.
Level 3 – Fair Value Measurements (1)
Balance January 1
Total
Realized/Unrealized Gains
 (Losses) in Net
 Income (2)
Gains
(Losses)
in OCI (3)
Gross Gross
Transfers
into
Level 3 		 Gross
Transfers
out of
Level 3 		 Balance March 31
Change in Unrealized Gains (Losses) in Net Income Related to Financial Instruments Still Held (2)
(Dollars in millions) Purchases Sales Issuances Settlements
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Trading account assets:              
Corporate securities, trading loans and other
$ 2,384  $ 27  $ 1  $ 126  $ (120) $ 14  $ (144) $ 148  $ (114) $ 2,322  $ 3 
Equity securities 145  (4) —  6  (12) —  —  77  —  212  (4)
Non-U.S. sovereign debt 518  26  16  3  (6) —  (16) —  —  541  26 
Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS 1,552  (9) —  74  (150) —  (116) 87  (138) 1,300  (25)
Total trading account assets 4,599  40  17  209  (288) 14  (276) 312  (252) 4,375  — 
Net derivative assets (liabilities) (4)
(2,893) 69  —  249  (268) —  (315) 321  58  (2,779) 154 
AFS debt securities:                    
Non-agency residential MBS 258  3  34  —  —  —  (2) —  —  293  3 
Non-U.S. and other taxable securities 195  —  3  —  —  —  (8) —  (3) 187  — 
Tax-exempt securities 51  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  51  — 
Total AFS debt securities 504  3  37  —  —  —  (10) —  (3) 531  3 
Other debt securities carried at fair value – Non-agency residential MBS
 119  (2) —  —  (19) —  (2) —  (2) 94  (2)
Loans and leases (5)
253  2  —  9  —  —  (37) 16  —  243  2 
Loans held-for-sale (5)
232  12  2  —  (16) —  (24) —  —  206  12 
Other assets (6,7)
1,799  10  1  6  —  27  (76) 2  —  1,769  (17)
Trading account liabilities – Corporate securities
   and other
 (58) —  —  —  (2) (1) —  (4) 1  (64) — 
Short-term borrowings (5)
(14) —  —  —  (3) (1) 9  —  —  (9) — 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (5)
(32) 24  —  (12) —  —  —  —  —  (20) 24 
Long-term debt (5)
(862) 87  (6) (9) —  —  11  —  7  (772) 87 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Trading account assets:
Corporate securities, trading loans and other
 $ 2,110  $ (2) $ —  $ 12  $ (153) $ —  $ (18) $ 368  $ (128) $ 2,189  $ (21)
Equity securities 190  16  —  16  (6) —  (4) 8  (37) 183  13 
Non-U.S. sovereign debt 396  20  53  2  —  —  (15) 45  (5) 496  17 
Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS 1,527  (92) —  129  (155) —  (21) 251  (24) 1,615  (47)
Total trading account assets 4,223  (58) 53  159  (314) —  (58) 672  (194) 4,483  (38)
Net derivative assets (liabilities) (4)
(2,662) 617  —  58  (185) —  107  (143) 74  (2,134) 643 
AFS debt securities:              
Non-agency residential MBS 316  4  (24) —  (8) —  (44) —  —  244  5 
Non-U.S. and other taxable securities 71  —  (1) —  —  —  —  87  (2) 155  — 
Tax-exempt securities 52  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  52  — 
Total AFS debt securities 439  4  (25) —  (8) —  (44) 87  (2) 451  5 
Other debt securities carried at fair value – Non-agency residential MBS
 242  (39) —  —  —  —  (65) —  —  138  (39)
Loans and leases (5)
748  (30) —  —  (1) —  (27) —  —  690  (30)
Loans held-for-sale (5)
317  7  12  104  —  —  (58) —  —  382  5 
Other assets (6,7)
1,572  144  3  —  1  40  (69) 4  —  1,695  132 
Trading account liabilities – Corporate securities
   and other
 (11) —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  (11) 1 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (5)
—  (50) —  —  —  —  —  —  —  (50) (31)
Long-term debt (5)
(1,075) (109) 33  —  —  —  4  (6) 276  (877) (111)
(1)Assets (liabilities). For assets, increase (decrease) to Level 3 and for liabilities, (increase) decrease to Level 3.
(2)Includes gains (losses) reported in earnings in the following income statement line items: Trading account assets/liabilities - primarily market making and similar activities; Net derivative assets (liabilities) - market making and similar activities and other income; AFS debt securities - other income; Other debt securities carried at fair value - other income; Loans and leases - market making and similar activities and other income; Loans held-for-sale - other income; Other assets - market making and similar activities and other income related to MSRs; Short-term borrowings - market making and similar activities; Accrued expenses and other liabilities - market making and similar activities and other income; Long-term debt - market making and similar activities.
(3)Includes unrealized gains (losses) in OCI on AFS debt securities, foreign currency translation adjustments and the impact of changes in the Corporation’s credit spreads on long-term debt accounted for under the fair value option.  Amounts include net unrealized gains of $50 million and $81 million related to financial instruments still held at March 31, 2023 and 2022.
(4)Net derivative assets (liabilities) include derivative assets of $3.6 billion and $3.7 billion and derivative liabilities of $6.3 billion and $5.9 billion at March 31, 2023 and 2022.
(5)Amounts represent instruments that are accounted for under the fair value option.
(6)Issuances represent MSRs recognized following securitizations or whole-loan sales.
(7)Settlements primarily represent the net change in fair value of the MSR asset due to the recognition of modeled cash flows and the passage of time.
The following tables present information about significant unobservable inputs related to the Corporation’s material categories of Level 3 financial assets and liabilities at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2023
(Dollars in millions) Inputs
Financial Instrument Fair
Value		 Valuation
Technique		 Significant Unobservable
Inputs		 Ranges of
Inputs
Weighted Average (1)
Loans and Securities (2)
Instruments backed by residential real estate assets $ 763  Discounted cash flow, Market comparables Yield
0% to 25%
 10  %
Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS 230  Prepayment speed
0% to 37% CPR
12% CPR
Loans and leases 146  Default rate
0% to 3% CDR
1% CDR
AFS debt securities – Non-agency residential 293  Price
$0 to $113
 $26
Other debt securities carried at fair value – Non-agency residential 94  Loss severity
0% to 100%
 23  %
Instruments backed by commercial real estate assets $ 384  Discounted cash
flow		 Yield
0% to 25%
 11  %
Trading account assets – Corporate securities, trading loans and other 325  Price
$0 to $100
 $78
Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS 59 
Commercial loans, debt securities and other $ 4,090  Discounted cash flow, Market comparables Yield
6% to 45%
 19  %
Trading account assets – Corporate securities, trading loans and other
 1,997  Prepayment speed
10% to 20%
 15  %
Trading account assets – Non-U.S. sovereign debt 541  Default rate
3% to 4%
 4  %
Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS 1,011  Loss severity
35% to 40%
 38  %
AFS debt securities – Tax-exempt securities 51  Price
$0 to $157
 $75
AFS debt securities – Non-U.S. and other taxable securities 187 
Loans and leases 97 
Loans held-for-sale 206 
Other assets, primarily auction rate securities $ 783  Discounted cash flow, Market comparables Price
$10 to $97
 $94

Discount rate 11  % n/a
MSRs $ 986  Discounted cash
flow
Weighted-average life, fixed rate (5)
0 to 13 years
6 years
Weighted-average life, variable rate (5)
0 to 11 years
3 years
Option-adjusted spread, fixed rate
7% to 14%
 9  %
Option-adjusted spread, variable rate
9% to 15%
 12  %
Structured liabilities
Long-term debt $ (772)
Discounted cash flow, Market comparables, Industry standard derivative pricing (3)
Yield
32% to 45%
 33  %
Equity correlation
1% to 96%
 89  %
Price
$0 to $122
 $92
Natural gas forward price
$3/MMBtu to $8/MMBtu
$4 /MMBtu
Net derivative assets (liabilities)
Credit derivatives $ 4  Discounted cash flow, Stochastic recovery correlation model Credit spreads
4 to 78 bps
62 bps
Prepayment speed
15% CPR
 n/a
Default rate
2% CDR
 n/a
Credit correlation
21% to 57%
 50  %
Price
$0 to $151
 $95
Equity derivatives $ (1,403)
Industry standard derivative pricing (3)
Equity correlation
0% to 100%
 62  %
Long-dated equity volatilities
4% to 111%
 43  %
Commodity derivatives $ (495)
Discounted cash flow, Industry standard derivative pricing (3)
Natural gas forward price
$3/MMBtu to $8/MMBtu
$4 /MMBtu
Power forward price
$5 to $105
 $40
Interest rate derivatives $ (885)
Industry standard derivative pricing (4)
Correlation (IR/IR)
(35)% to 89%
 66  %
Correlation (FX/IR)
11% to 58%
 43  %
Long-dated inflation rates
 0% to 48%
0  %
Long-dated inflation volatilities
1% to 5%
 2  %
Interest rate volatilities
0% to 2%
 1  %
Total net derivative assets (liabilities) $ (2,779)
(1)For loans and securities, structured liabilities and net derivative assets (liabilities), the weighted average is calculated based upon the absolute fair value of the instruments.
(2)The categories are aggregated based upon product type, which differs from financial statement classification. The following is a reconciliation to the line items in the table on page 83: Trading account assets – Corporate securities, trading loans and other of $2.3 billion, Trading account assets – Non-U.S. sovereign debt of $541 million, Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS of $1.3 billion, AFS debt securities of $531 million, Other debt securities carried at fair value - Non-agency residential of $94 million, Other assets, including MSRs, of $1.8 billion, Loans and leases of $243 million and LHFS of $206 million.
(3)Includes models such as Monte Carlo simulation and Black-Scholes.
(4)Includes models such as Monte Carlo simulation, Black-Scholes and other methods that model the joint dynamics of interest, inflation and foreign exchange rates.
(5)The weighted-average life is a product of changes in market rates of interest, prepayment rates and other model and cash flow assumptions.
CPR = Constant Prepayment Rate
CDR = Constant Default Rate
MMBtu = Million British thermal units
IR = Interest Rate
FX = Foreign Exchange
n/a = not applicable
Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2022
(Dollars in millions) Inputs
Financial Instrument Fair
Value		 Valuation
Technique		 Significant Unobservable
Inputs		 Ranges of
Inputs
Weighted Average (1)
Loans and Securities (2)
Instruments backed by residential real estate assets $ 852  Discounted cash
flow, Market comparables		 Yield
0% to 25%
 10  %
Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS 338 
Prepayment speed
0% to 29% CPR
12% CPR
Loans and leases 137  Default rate
0% to 3% CDR
1% CDR
AFS debt securities - Non-agency residential 258  Price
$0 to $111
 $26
Other debt securities carried at fair value - Non-agency residential 119  Loss severity
0% to 100%
 24  %
Instruments backed by commercial real estate assets $ 362  Discounted cash
flow		 Yield
0% to 25%
 10  %
Trading account assets – Corporate securities, trading loans and other 292  Price
$0 to $100
 $75
Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS 66 
Loans held-for-sale 4 
Commercial loans, debt securities and other $ 4,348  Discounted cash flow, Market comparables Yield
 5% to 43%
 15  %
Trading account assets – Corporate securities, trading loans and other
 2,092 
Prepayment speed
10% to 20%
 15  %
Trading account assets – Non-U.S. sovereign debt 518  Default rate
3% to 4%
 4  %
Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS 1,148  Loss severity
35% to 40%
 38  %
AFS debt securities – Tax-exempt securities 51  Price
 $0 to $157
 $75
AFS debt securities – Non-U.S. and other taxable securities 195 
Loans and leases 116 
Loans held-for-sale 228 
Other assets, primarily auction rate securities $ 779  Discounted cash flow, Market comparables
Price
$10 to $97
 $94

Discount rate
11%
 n/a
MSRs $ 1,020  Discounted cash
flow
Weighted-average life, fixed rate (5)
0 to 14 years
6 years
Weighted-average life, variable rate (5)
0 to 12 years
4 years
Option-adjusted spread, fixed rate
7% to 14%
9  %
Option-adjusted spread, variable rate
9% to 15%
 12  %
Structured liabilities
Long-term debt $ (862)
Discounted cash flow, Market comparables, Industry standard derivative pricing (3)
Yield
 22% to 43%
 23  %
Equity correlation
 0% to 95%
 69  %
Price
$0 to $119
 $90
Natural gas forward price
$3/MMBtu to $13/MMBtu
$9/MMBtu
Net derivative assets (liabilities)
Credit derivatives
 $ (44) Discounted cash flow, Stochastic recovery correlation model Credit spreads
3 to 63 bps
22 bps
Upfront points
0 to 100 points
 83 points
Prepayment speed
15% CPR
n/a
Default rate
2% CDR
n/a
Credit correlation
18% to 53%
 44  %
Price
$0 to $151
 $63
Equity derivatives
 $ (1,534)
Industry standard derivative pricing (3)
Equity correlation
0% to 100%
 73  %
Long-dated equity volatilities
4% to 101%
 44  %
Commodity derivatives
 $ (291)
Discounted cash flow, Industry standard derivative pricing (3)
Natural gas forward price
$3/MMBtu to $13/MMBtu
$8/MMBtu
Power forward price
$9 to $123
 $43
Interest rate derivatives
 $ (1,024)
Industry standard derivative pricing (4)
Correlation (IR/IR)
(35)% to 89%
 67  %
Correlation (FX/IR)
11% to 58%
 43  %
Long-dated inflation rates
G0% to 39%
1  %
Long-dated inflation volatilities
0% to 5%
 2  %
Interest rates volatilities
0% to 2%
 1  %
Total net derivative assets (liabilities) $ (2,893)
(1)For loans and securities, structured liabilities and net derivative assets (liabilities), the weighted average is calculated based upon the absolute fair value of the instruments.
(2)The categories are aggregated based upon product type, which differs from financial statement classification. The following is a reconciliation to the line items in the table on page 84: Trading account assets – Corporate securities, trading loans and other of $2.4 billion, Trading account assets – Non-U.S. sovereign debt of $518 million, Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS of $1.6 billion, AFS debt securities of $504 million, Other debt securities carried at fair value - Non-agency residential of $119 million, Other assets, including MSRs, of $1.8 billion, Loans and leases of $253 million and LHFS of $232 million.
(3)Includes models such as Monte Carlo simulation and Black-Scholes.
(4)Includes models such as Monte Carlo simulation, Black-Scholes and other methods that model the joint dynamics of interest, inflation and foreign exchange rates.
(5)The weighted-average life is a product of changes in market rates of interest, prepayment rates and other model and cash flow assumptions.
CPR = Constant Prepayment Rate
CDR = Constant Default Rate
MMBtu = Million British thermal units
IR = Interest Rate
FX = Foreign Exchange
n/a = not applicable
Uncertainty of Fair Value Measurements from Unobservable Inputs
For information on the types of instruments, valuation approaches and the impact of changes in unobservable inputs used in Level 3 measurements, see Note 20 – Fair Value Measurements to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Nonrecurring Fair Value
The Corporation holds certain assets that are measured at fair value only in certain situations (e.g., the impairment of an asset), and these measurements are referred to herein as nonrecurring. The amounts below represent assets still held as of the reporting date for which a nonrecurring fair value adjustment was recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.
Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
March 31, 2023 Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
(Dollars in millions) Level 2 Level 3 Gains (Losses)
Assets    
Loans held-for-sale $ 715  $ 3,428  $ (34)
Loans and leases (1)
—  57  (11)
Foreclosed properties (2, 3)
—  4  (1)
Other assets —  30  (6)
  March 31, 2022 Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Assets    
Loans held-for-sale $ 31  $ 543  $ (1)
Loans and leases (1)
—  68  (15)
Foreclosed properties (2, 3)
—  1  — 
Other assets —  50  (18)
(1)Includes $3 million and $6 million of losses on loans that were written down to a collateral value of zero during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.
(2)Amounts are included in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and represent the carrying value of foreclosed properties that were written down subsequent to their initial classification as foreclosed properties. Losses on foreclosed properties include losses recorded during the first 90 days after transfer of a loan to foreclosed properties.
(3)Excludes $60 million and $61 million of properties acquired upon foreclosure of certain government-guaranteed loans (principally FHA-insured loans) at March 31, 2023 and 2022.
The table below presents information about significant unobservable inputs utilized in the Corporation's nonrecurring Level 3 fair value measurements during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and the year ended December 31, 2022.
Quantitative Information about Nonrecurring Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
Inputs
Financial Instrument Fair Value Valuation
Technique		 Significant Unobservable
Inputs		 Ranges of
Inputs
Weighted
Average (1)
(Dollars in millions) Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Loans held-for-sale $ 3,428  Pricing model Implied yield
12% to 26%
 n/a
Loans and leases (2)
57  Market comparables OREO discount
10% to 66%
 26  %
Costs to sell
8% to 24%
 9  %
Year Ended December 31, 2022
Loans held-for-sale $ 3,079  Pricing model Implied yield
9% to 24%
 n/a
Loans and leases (2)
166  Market comparables OREO discount
10% to 66%
 26  %
Costs to sell
8% to 24%
 9  %
Other assets (3)
165 Discounted cash flow Discount rate 7  % n/a
(1)The weighted average is calculated based upon the fair value of the loans.
(2)Represents residential mortgages where the loan has been written down to the fair value of the underlying collateral.
(3)Represents the fair value of certain impaired renewable energy investments.
n/a = not applicable