Employee Benefit Plans
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Dec. 31, 2011
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Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Expense [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Employee Benefit Plans |
Merrill Lynch provides pension and other postretirement benefits to its employees worldwide through sponsorship of defined contribution pension, defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans. These plans vary based on the country and local practices.
Effective with the acquisition of Merrill Lynch by Bank of America on January 1, 2009, the Bank of America Corporation Corporate Benefits Committee assumed overall responsibility for the administration of all of Merrill Lynch's employee benefit plans. Merrill Lynch continues as the plan sponsor.
Bank of America maintains certain qualified retirement and defined contribution plans covering full-time, salaried employees and certain part-time employees. Effective January 1, 2010, the U.S. Merrill Lynch plans were closed to new participants, with certain exceptions. Eligible Merrill Lynch employees newly hired on or after January 1, 2010 participated in the Bank of America plans with certain exceptions. Employees of certain non-U.S. subsidiaries continued to participate in the various local plans.
In connection with a redesign of its retirement plans, Bank of America announced that after the end of 2011, it will freeze benefits earned in its Qualified Pension Plans effective June 30, 2012. Bank of America will continue to offer retirement benefits through its defined contribution plans and will increase its contributions to certain of these plans.
Merrill Lynch accounts for its defined benefit pension plans and postretirement benefit plans in accordance with ASC 715-20-50, Compensation-Retirement Benefits, Defined Benefit Plans-General (“Defined Benefit Plan Accounting”). Postemployment benefits are accounted for in accordance with ASC 712, Compensation-Nonretirement Postemployment Benefits.
Defined Benefit Plan Accounting requires the recognition of a plan's overfunded or underfunded status as an asset or liability, measured as the difference between the fair value of plan assets and the benefit obligation, with an offsetting adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Defined Benefit Plan Accounting also requires the determination of the fair values of a plan's assets at a company's year-end and recognition of actuarial gains and losses, prior service costs or credits, and transition assets and obligations as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).
Defined Contribution Pension Plans
Merrill Lynch has U.S. defined contribution pension plans consisting of the Retirement Accumulation Plan (“RAP”), the Employee Stock Ownership Plan (“ESOP”), and the 401(k) Savings & Investment Plan (“401(k)”). Merrill Lynch also has various non-U.S. defined contribution pension plans. The costs of benefits under the RAP, 401(k), and non-U.S. plans are expensed during the related service period.
Merrill Lynch contributed approximately $240 million, $228 million and $211 million in the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively, in cash to the U.S. defined contribution pension plans. Merrill Lynch contributed approximately $97 million, $81 million and $69 million in the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively, in cash to the non-U.S. defined contribution pension plans.
Defined Benefit Pension Plans
In 1988, Merrill Lynch purchased a group annuity contract that guarantees the payment of benefits vested under a U.S. defined benefit pension plan that was terminated (the “U.S. terminated pension plan”) in accordance with the applicable provisions of ERISA. At December 31, 2011 and 2010, a substantial portion of the assets supporting the annuity contract were invested in U.S. Government and agency securities. Merrill Lynch, under a supplemental agreement, may be responsible for, or benefit from, actual experience and investment performance of the annuity assets. Merrill Lynch may be required to contribute toward this agreement in 2012. Merrill Lynch also maintains supplemental defined benefit pension plans (i.e., plans not subject to Title IV of ERISA) for certain U.S. participants. Merrill Lynch expects to pay $1 million of benefit payments to participants in the U.S. non-qualified pension plans in 2012.
Employees of certain non-U.S. subsidiaries participate in various local defined benefit pension plans. These plans provide benefits that are generally based on years of credited service and a percentage of the employee's eligible compensation during the final years of employment. Merrill Lynch's funding policy has been to contribute annually at least the amount necessary to satisfy local funding standards. Merrill Lynch currently expects to contribute $83 million to its non-U.S. pension plans in 2012.
Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions
Merrill Lynch provides health insurance benefits to eligible retired employees and dependents under the Bank of America Group Benefits Program. The Program covers substantially all U.S. employees who have met age and service requirements. The health care coverage is contributory, with certain retiree contributions adjusted periodically. The accounting for costs of health care benefits for most eligible employees anticipates future changes in cost-sharing provisions. Merrill Lynch also sponsors similar plans that provide health care benefits to retired employees of certain non-U.S. subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, none of these plans had been funded. Merrill Lynch currently expects to pay $20 million of benefit payments to participants in these plans in 2012.
Merrill Lynch Defined Benefit Pension and Postretirement Plans
The following table provides a summary of the changes in the plans' benefit obligations, fair value of plan assets, and funded status, for the years ended December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, and amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2011 and 2010 for Merrill Lynch's U.S. and non-U.S. defined benefit pension and postretirement benefit plans.
N/A Not applicable
The accumulated benefit obligation (“ABO”) for all defined benefit pension plans was $3.6 billion and $3.4 billion at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2011 and 2010 were as follows:
The projected benefit obligation (“PBO”), ABO, and fair value of plan assets for pension plans with ABO and PBO in excess of plan assets as of December 31, 2011 and 2010 are presented in the tables below. These plans primarily represent U.S. supplemental plans not subject to ERISA or non-U.S. plans where funding strategies vary due to legal requirements and local practices.
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss, pre-tax, at December 31, 2011 consisted of:
Total pension plan net periodic benefit (income) cost for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 included the following components:
N/A Not applicable
Total postretirement plan net periodic benefit cost for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 included the following components:
The net actuarial losses represent changes in the amount of either the projected benefit obligation or plan assets resulting from actual experience being different than that assumed and from changes in assumptions. Gains and losses for all benefits except the postretirement plans are recognized in accordance with standard amortization provisions of the applicable accounting standards. For the postretirement plans, 50% of the unrecognized gain or loss at the beginning of the fiscal year (or at subsequent remeasurement) is recognized on a level basis during the year. The estimated net actuarial loss for the postretirement plans that will be recorded into expense over the next fiscal year is approximately $9 million. There is no expected amortization for the defined benefit pension plans over the next fiscal year.
Plan Assumptions
The discount rate assumption used in determining the benefit obligation for the defined benefit pension plans and postretirement plans is based on a cash flow matching technique and is subject to change each year. This technique utilizes yield curves that are based upon Aa-rated corporate bonds with cash flows that match estimated benefit payments of each of the plans to produce the discount rate assumptions. The asset valuation method for the U.S. defined benefit pension plans recognizes 60% of the prior year's market gains and losses at the next measurement date, with the remaining 40% spread equally over the subsequent four years. The asset valuation method for the non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans uses the fair market value as of the measurement date.
The expected return on asset assumption was developed through analysis of historical market and asset returns, historical asset class volatility and correlations, current market conditions, anticipated future asset allocations, and expectations on potential future market returns. The expected return on asset assumption represents a long-term view of the assets in the defined benefit pension plans, a return that may or may not be achieved during one calendar year. The U.S. terminated pension plan, which represents approximately 63% of Merrill Lynch's total pension plan assets as of December 31, 2011, is solely invested in a group annuity contract which is currently 100% invested in fixed income securities. The expected return on asset assumption on the non-U.S. pension plans reflects the weighted average long-term return assumption across all funded non-U.S. Plans. Although Merrill Lynch's pension and postretirement benefit plans can be sensitive to changes in the discount rate, it is expected that a 25 basis point rate reduction would not have a material impact on the U.S. or the U.K. defined benefit plan expenses for 2012. Such a change would increase the U.S. and U.K. defined benefit plan obligations at December 31, 2011 by $55 million and $65 million, respectively. A 25 basis point decline in the expected rate of return for the U.S. defined benefit pension plan and the U.K. pension plan would result in an expense increase for 2012 of approximately $7 million and $4 million, respectively.
A one percent change in the assumed healthcare cost trend rate would have the following effects on the amounts reported for the postretirement plans:
Investment Strategy and Asset Allocation
The U.S. terminated pension plan asset portfolio is structured such that the asset maturities match the duration of the plan's obligations. Consistent with the plan termination in 1988, the annuity contract and the supplemental agreement, the asset portfolio's investment objective calls for a concentration in fixed income securities, the majority of which have investment grade ratings.
The assets of the U.K. pension plan are invested prudently so that the benefits promised to members are provided, considering the nature and the duration of the plan's liabilities. The current planned investment strategy was set following an asset-liability study and advice from the Trustees' investment advisors. The asset allocation strategy selected is designed to achieve a higher return than the lowest risk strategy while maintaining a prudent approach to meeting the plan's liabilities. As a risk control measure, a series of interest rate and inflation risk swaps have been executed covering approximately 100% of the plan's assets.
The pension plan target allocations for 2012 by asset category are shown below. The Merrill Lynch postretirement benefit plans are not funded and do not hold assets for investment.
Fair Value Measurements
For information on fair value measurements, including descriptions of Level 1, 2, and 3 of the fair value hierarchy and the valuation methods employed by Merrill Lynch, see Note 1 and Note 4.
Plan assets measured at fair value by level and in total at December 31, 2011 and 2010 are summarized in the tables below:
The tables below presents a reconciliation of all plan assets measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009.
Estimated Future Benefit Payments
Expected benefit payments associated with Merrill Lynch’s defined benefit pension and postretirement plans for the next five years and in the aggregate for the five years thereafter are as follows:
Postemployment Benefits
Merrill Lynch provides certain postemployment benefits for employees on extended leave due to injury or illness and for terminated employees. Employees who are disabled due to non-work-related illness or injury are entitled to disability income, medical coverage, and life insurance. Merrill Lynch also provides severance benefits to terminated employees. In addition, Merrill Lynch is mandated by U.S. state and federal regulations to provide certain other postemployment benefits. Merrill Lynch funds these benefits through a combination of self-insured and insured plans.
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