Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

Derivatives

v3.7.0.1
Derivatives
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2017
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]  
Derivatives
Derivatives
Derivative Balances
Derivatives are entered into on behalf of customers, for trading or to support risk management activities. Derivatives used in risk management activities include derivatives that may or may not be designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships. Derivatives that are not designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships are referred to as other risk management derivatives. For more information on the Corporation’s derivatives and hedging activities, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation's 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The following tables present derivative instruments included on the Consolidated Balance Sheet in derivative assets and liabilities at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. Balances are presented on a gross basis, prior to the application of counterparty and cash collateral netting. Total derivative assets and liabilities are adjusted on an aggregate basis to take into consideration the effects of legally enforceable master netting agreements and have been reduced by the cash collateral received or paid.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
June 30, 2017
 
 
 
Gross Derivative Assets
 
Gross Derivative Liabilities
(Dollars in billions)
Contract/
Notional (1)
 
Trading and Other Risk Management Derivatives
 
Qualifying
Accounting
Hedges
 
Total
 
Trading and Other Risk Management Derivatives
 
Qualifying
Accounting
Hedges
 
Total
Interest rate contracts
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Swaps
$
18,809.7

 
$
310.2

 
$
5.2

 
$
315.4

 
$
315.8

 
$
1.5

 
$
317.3

Futures and forwards
6,027.3

 
1.9

 
—

 
1.9

 
1.8

 
—

 
1.8

Written options
1,301.4

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
40.6

 
—

 
40.6

Purchased options
1,355.0

 
42.3

 
—

 
42.3

 
—

 
—

 
—

Foreign exchange contracts
 
 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Swaps
1,963.6

 
41.6

 
2.9

 
44.5

 
43.6

 
4.0

 
47.6

Spot, futures and forwards
4,273.1

 
46.8

 
1.1

 
47.9

 
49.7

 
1.0

 
50.7

Written options
318.9

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
5.5

 
—

 
5.5

Purchased options
304.9

 
5.1

 
—

 
5.1

 
—

 
—

 
—

Equity contracts
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Swaps
226.8

 
3.8

 
—

 
3.8

 
4.3

 
—

 
4.3

Futures and forwards
102.5

 
1.8

 
—

 
1.8

 
1.1

 
—

 
1.1

Written options
513.4

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
22.6

 
—

 
22.6

Purchased options
445.9

 
24.1

 
—

 
24.1

 
—

 
—

 
—

Commodity contracts
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Swaps
49.3

 
2.0

 
—

 
2.0

 
4.3

 
—

 
4.3

Futures and forwards
46.7

 
3.4

 
—

 
3.4

 
0.4

 
—

 
0.4

Written options
27.9

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1.5

 
—

 
1.5

Purchased options
29.7

 
1.5

 
—

 
1.5

 
—

 
—

 
—

Credit derivatives (2)
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Purchased credit derivatives:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 
Credit default swaps
531.1

 
5.3

 
—

 
5.3

 
10.7

 
—

 
10.7

Total return swaps/other
33.7

 
0.1

 
—

 
0.1

 
1.3

 
—

 
1.3

Written credit derivatives:


 


 
 

 


 


 
 

 


Credit default swaps
521.6

 
10.5

 
—

 
10.5

 
4.7

 
—

 
4.7

Total return swaps/other
37.8

 
0.8

 
—

 
0.8

 
0.2

 
—

 
0.2

Gross derivative assets/liabilities
 
 
$
501.2

 
$
9.2

 
$
510.4

 
$
508.1

 
$
6.5

 
$
514.6

Less: Legally enforceable master netting agreements
 

 
 

 
 

 
(436.6
)
 
 

 
 

 
(436.6
)
Less: Cash collateral received/paid
 

 
 

 
 

 
(34.6
)
 
 

 
 

 
(43.1
)
Total derivative assets/liabilities (3)
 

 
 

 
 

 
$
39.2

 
 

 
 

 
$
34.9

(1) 
Represents the total contract/notional amount of derivative assets and liabilities outstanding.
(2) 
The net derivative asset and notional amount of written credit derivatives for which the Corporation held purchased credit derivatives with identical underlying referenced names were $5.2 billion and $494.3 billion at June 30, 2017.
(3) 
Derivative assets and liabilities reflect a central clearing counterparty's amendments to legally re-characterize daily cash variation margin from collateral, which secures an outstanding exposure, to settlement, which discharges an outstanding exposure, effective in January 2017.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2016
 
 
 
Gross Derivative Assets
 
Gross Derivative Liabilities
(Dollars in billions)
Contract/
Notional (1)
 
Trading and Other Risk Management Derivatives
 
Qualifying
Accounting
Hedges
 
Total
 
Trading and Other Risk Management Derivatives
 
Qualifying
Accounting
Hedges
 
Total
Interest rate contracts
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Swaps
$
16,977.7

 
$
385.0

 
$
5.9

 
$
390.9

 
$
386.9

 
$
2.0

 
$
388.9

Futures and forwards
5,609.5

 
2.2

 
—

 
2.2

 
2.1

 
—

 
2.1

Written options
1,146.2

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
52.2

 
—

 
52.2

Purchased options
1,178.7

 
53.3

 
—

 
53.3

 
—

 
—

 
—

Foreign exchange contracts
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Swaps
1,828.6

 
54.6

 
4.2

 
58.8

 
58.8

 
6.2

 
65.0

Spot, futures and forwards
3,410.7

 
58.8

 
1.7

 
60.5

 
56.6

 
0.8

 
57.4

Written options
356.6

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
9.4

 
—

 
9.4

Purchased options
342.4

 
8.9

 
—

 
8.9

 
—

 
—

 
—

Equity contracts
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Swaps
189.7

 
3.4

 
—

 
3.4

 
4.0

 
—

 
4.0

Futures and forwards
68.7

 
0.9

 
—

 
0.9

 
0.9

 
—

 
0.9

Written options
431.5

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
21.4

 
—

 
21.4

Purchased options
385.5

 
23.9

 
—

 
23.9

 
—

 
—

 
—

Commodity contracts
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Swaps
48.2

 
2.5

 
—

 
2.5

 
5.1

 
—

 
5.1

Futures and forwards
49.1

 
3.6

 
—

 
3.6

 
0.5

 
—

 
0.5

Written options
29.3

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1.9

 
—

 
1.9

Purchased options
28.9

 
2.0

 
—

 
2.0

 
—

 
—

 
—

Credit derivatives (2)
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Purchased credit derivatives:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Credit default swaps
604.0

 
8.1

 
—

 
8.1

 
10.3

 
—

 
10.3

Total return swaps/other
21.2

 
0.4

 
—

 
0.4

 
1.5

 
—

 
1.5

Written credit derivatives:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 

Credit default swaps
614.4

 
10.7

 
—

 
10.7

 
7.5

 
—

 
7.5

Total return swaps/other
25.4

 
1.0

 
—

 
1.0

 
0.2

 
—

 
0.2

Gross derivative assets/liabilities
 

 
$
619.3

 
$
11.8

 
$
631.1

 
$
619.3

 
$
9.0

 
$
628.3

Less: Legally enforceable master netting agreements
 

 
 

 
 

 
(545.3
)
 
 

 
 

 
(545.3
)
Less: Cash collateral received/paid
 

 
 

 
 

 
(43.3
)
 
 

 
 

 
(43.5
)
Total derivative assets/liabilities
 

 
 

 
 

 
$
42.5

 
 

 
 

 
$
39.5


(1) 
Represents the total contract/notional amount of derivative assets and liabilities outstanding.
(2) 
The net derivative asset and notional amount of written credit derivatives for which the Corporation held purchased credit derivatives with identical underlying referenced names were $2.2 billion and $548.9 billion at December 31, 2016.

Offsetting of Derivatives
The Corporation enters into International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. (ISDA) master netting agreements or similar agreements with substantially all of the Corporation’s derivative counterparties. Where legally enforceable, these master netting agreements give the Corporation, in the event of default by the counterparty, the right to liquidate securities held as collateral and to offset receivables and payables with the same counterparty. For additional information on the offsetting of derivative assets and liabilities, see Note 2 – Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation's 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The following table presents derivative instruments included in derivative assets and liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 by primary risk (e.g., interest rate risk) and the platform, where applicable, on which these derivatives are transacted. Balances are presented on a gross basis, prior to the application of counterparty and cash collateral netting. Total gross derivative assets and liabilities are adjusted on an aggregate basis to take into consideration the effects of legally enforceable master netting agreements which includes reducing the balance for counterparty netting and cash collateral received or paid.
For more information on offsetting of securities financing agreements, see Note 9 – Federal Funds Sold or Purchased, Securities Financing Agreements and Short-term Borrowings.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Offsetting of Derivatives (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
June 30, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
(Dollars in billions)
Derivative
Assets
 
Derivative Liabilities
 
Derivative
Assets
 
Derivative Liabilities
Interest rate contracts
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Over-the-counter
$
232.3

 
$
224.3

 
$
267.3

 
$
258.2

Over-the-counter cleared
124.6

 
132.6

 
177.2

 
182.8

Foreign exchange contracts
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Over-the-counter
94.2

 
100.6

 
124.3

 
126.7

Over-the-counter cleared
0.6

 
0.5

 
0.3

 
0.3

Equity contracts
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Over-the-counter
17.0

 
15.5

 
15.6

 
13.7

Exchange-traded
8.9

 
8.7

 
11.4

 
10.8

Commodity contracts
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Over-the-counter
3.0

 
4.3

 
3.7

 
4.9

Exchange-traded
0.8

 
0.6

 
1.1

 
1.0

Credit derivatives
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Over-the-counter
11.0

 
11.1

 
15.3

 
14.7

Over-the-counter cleared
5.1

 
5.2

 
4.3

 
4.3

Total gross derivative assets/liabilities, before netting
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Over-the-counter
357.5

 
355.8

 
426.2

 
418.2

Exchange-traded
9.7

 
9.3

 
12.5

 
11.8

Over-the-counter cleared
130.3

 
138.3

 
181.8

 
187.4

Less: Legally enforceable master netting agreements and cash collateral received/paid
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Over-the-counter
(332.6
)
 
(333.1
)
 
(398.2
)
 
(392.6
)
Exchange-traded
(8.6
)
 
(8.6
)
 
(8.9
)
 
(8.9
)
Over-the-counter cleared
(130.0
)
 
(138.0
)
 
(181.5
)
 
(187.3
)
Derivative assets/liabilities, after netting
26.3

 
23.7

 
31.9

 
28.6

Other gross derivative assets/liabilities (2)
12.9

 
11.2

 
10.6

 
10.9

Total derivative assets/liabilities (3)
39.2

 
34.9

 
42.5

 
39.5

Less: Financial instruments collateral (4)
(12.2
)
 
(10.8
)
 
(13.5
)
 
(10.5
)
Total net derivative assets/liabilities
$
27.0

 
$
24.1

 
$
29.0

 
$
29.0


(1) 
Over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives include bilateral transactions between the Corporation and a particular counterparty. OTC-cleared derivatives include bilateral transactions between the Corporation and a counterparty where the transaction is cleared through a clearinghouse, and exchange-traded derivatives include listed options transacted on an exchange.
(2) 
Consists of derivatives entered into under master netting agreements where the enforceability of these agreements is uncertain under bankruptcy laws in some countries or industries.
(3) 
Derivative assets and liabilities reflect a central clearing counterparty's amendments to legally re-characterize daily cash variation margin from collateral, which secures an outstanding exposure, to settlement, which discharges an outstanding exposure, effective in January 2017.
(4) 
Amounts are limited to the derivative asset/liability balance and, accordingly, do not include excess collateral received/pledged. Financial instruments collateral includes securities collateral received or pledged and cash securities held and posted at third-party custodians that are not offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet but shown as a reduction to derive net derivative assets and liabilities.
ALM and Risk Management Derivatives
The Corporation’s asset and liability management (ALM) and risk management activities include the use of derivatives to mitigate risk to the Corporation including derivatives designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships and derivatives used in other risk management activities. For additional information, see Note 2 – Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation's 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Derivatives Designated as Accounting Hedges
The Corporation uses various types of interest rate, commodity and foreign exchange derivative contracts to protect against changes in the fair value of its assets and liabilities due to fluctuations in interest rates, commodity prices and exchange rates (fair value hedges). The Corporation also uses these types of contracts and equity derivatives to protect against changes in the cash flows of its assets and liabilities, and other forecasted transactions (cash flow hedges). The Corporation hedges its net investment in consolidated non-U.S. operations determined to have functional currencies other than the U.S. Dollar using forward exchange contracts and cross-currency basis swaps, and by issuing foreign currency-denominated debt (net investment hedges).
Fair Value Hedges
The following table summarizes information related to fair value hedges for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, including hedges of interest rate risk on long-term debt that were acquired as part of a business combination and redesignated at that time. At redesignation, the fair value of the derivatives was positive. As the derivatives mature, the fair value will approach zero. As a result, ineffectiveness will occur and the fair value changes in the derivatives and the long-term debt being hedged may be directionally the same in certain scenarios. Based on a regression analysis, the derivatives continue to be highly effective at offsetting changes in the fair value of the long-term debt attributable to interest rate risk.
 
 
 
Derivatives Designated as Fair Value Hedges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains (Losses)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
(Dollars in millions)
Derivative
 
Hedged
Item
 
Hedge
Ineffectiveness
 
Derivative
 
Hedged
Item
 
Hedge
Ineffectiveness
Interest rate risk on long-term debt (1)
$
272

 
$
(422
)
 
$
(150
)
 
$
(478
)
 
$
144

 
$
(334
)
Interest rate and foreign currency risk on long-term debt (1)
901

 
(877
)
 
24

 
1,024

 
(1,010
)
 
14

Interest rate risk on available-for-sale securities (2)
(80
)
 
70

 
(10
)
 
(63
)
 
33

 
(30
)
Price risk on commodity inventory (3)
2

 
(1
)
 
1

 
8

 
(7
)
 
1

Total
$
1,095

 
$
(1,230
)
 
$
(135
)
 
$
491

 
$
(840
)
 
$
(349
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2016
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2016
Interest rate risk on long-term debt (1)
$
1,263

 
$
(1,380
)
 
$
(117
)
 
$
3,924

 
$
(4,234
)
 
$
(310
)
Interest rate and foreign currency risk on long-term debt (1)
(495
)
 
487

 
(8
)
 
344

 
(359
)
 
(15
)
Interest rate risk on available-for-sale securities (2)
(215
)
 
198

 
(17
)
 
(366
)
 
330

 
(36
)
Price risk on commodity inventory (3)
(8
)
 
8

 
—

 
(6
)
 
6

 
—

Total
$
545

 
$
(687
)
 
$
(142
)
 
$
3,896

 
$
(4,257
)
 
$
(361
)
(1) 
Amounts are recorded in interest expense on long-term debt and in other income.
(2) 
Amounts are recorded in interest income on debt securities.
(3) 
Amounts relating to commodity inventory are recorded in trading account profits.
Cash Flow and Net Investment Hedges
The table below summarizes certain information related to cash flow hedges and net investment hedges for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016. Of the $763 million after-tax net loss ($1.2 billion pre-tax) on derivatives in accumulated other comprehensive income (OCI) at June 30, 2017, $141 million after-tax ($226 million pre-tax) is expected to be reclassified into earnings in the next 12 months. These net losses reclassified into earnings are expected to primarily reduce net interest income related to the respective hedged items. Amounts related to price risk on restricted stock awards reclassified from accumulated OCI are recorded in personnel expense. For terminated cash flow hedges, the time period over which the majority of the forecasted transactions are hedged is approximately seven years, with a maximum length of time for certain forecasted transactions of 19 years.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow and Net Investment Hedges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
(Dollars in millions, amounts pre-tax)
Gains (Losses)
Recognized in
Accumulated OCI on Derivatives
 
Gains (Losses)
in Income
Reclassified from
Accumulated OCI
 
Hedge
Ineffectiveness and Amounts Excluded
from Effectiveness
Testing (1)
 
Gains (Losses)
Recognized in
Accumulated OCI on Derivatives
 
Gains (Losses)
in Income
Reclassified from
Accumulated OCI
 
Hedge
Ineffectiveness and Amounts Excluded
from Effectiveness
Testing (1)
Cash flow hedges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate risk on variable-rate portfolios
$
64

 
$
(108
)
 
$
2

 
$
27

 
$
(220
)
 
$
5

Price risk on restricted stock awards (2)
6

 
29

 
—

 
34

 
71

 
—

Total
$
70

 
$
(79
)
 
$
2

 
$
61

 
$
(149
)
 
$
5

Net investment hedges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

Foreign exchange risk (3)
$
(4,336
)
 
$
1,928

 
$
(33
)
 
$
(4,725
)
 
$
1,798

 
$
(48
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2016
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2016
Cash flow hedges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate risk on variable-rate portfolios
$
19

 
$
(164
)
 
$
—

 
$
58

 
$
(328
)
 
$
6

Price risk on restricted stock awards (2)
(1
)
 
(19
)
 
—

 
(199
)
 
(53
)
 
—

Total
$
18

 
$
(183
)
 
$
—

 
$
(141
)
 
$
(381
)
 
$
6

Net investment hedges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

Foreign exchange risk
$
592

 
$
1

 
$
(23
)
 
$
(41
)
 
$
1

 
$
(166
)
(1) 
Amounts related to cash flow hedges represent hedge ineffectiveness and amounts related to net investment hedges represent amounts excluded from effectiveness testing.
(2) 
Gains (losses) recognized in accumulated OCI are primarily related to the change in the Corporation’s stock price for the period.
(3) 
Substantially all of the gains in income reclassified from accumulated OCI are comprised of the gain recognized on derivatives used to hedge the currency risk of the Corporation's net investment in its non-U.S. consumer credit card business, which was sold on June 1, 2017. For additional information, see Note 12 – Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss).
Other Risk Management Derivatives
Other risk management derivatives are used by the Corporation to reduce certain risk exposures. These derivatives are not qualifying accounting hedges because either they did not qualify for or were not designated as accounting hedges. The table below presents gains (losses) on these derivatives for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016. These gains (losses) are largely offset by the income or expense that is recorded on the hedged item.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other Risk Management Derivatives
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains (Losses)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30
 
Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions)
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Interest rate risk on mortgage banking income (1)
$
55

 
$
279

 
$
31

 
$
825

Credit risk on loans (2)
(1
)
 
(31
)
 
(3
)
 
(96
)
Interest rate and foreign currency risk on ALM activities (3)
238

 
(824
)
 
(52
)
 
(1,708
)
Price risk on restricted stock awards (4)
24

 
(27
)
 
128

 
(768
)
Other
4

 
14

 
5

 
40

(1) 
Net gains on these derivatives are recorded in mortgage banking income as they are used to mitigate the interest rate risk related to mortgage servicing rights (MSRs), interest rate lock commitments (IRLCs) and mortgage loans held-for-sale, all of which are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in mortgage banking income. The net gains on IRLCs related to the origination of mortgage loans that are held-for-sale, which are not included in the table but are considered derivative instruments, were $60 million and $116 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to $177 million and $329 million for the same periods in 2016.
(2) 
Primarily related to derivatives that are economic hedges of credit risk on loans. Net gains (losses) on these derivatives are recorded in other income.
(3) 
Primarily related to hedges of debt securities carried at fair value and hedges of foreign currency-denominated debt. Gains (losses) on these derivatives and the related hedged items are recorded in other income.
(4) 
Gains (losses) on these derivatives are recorded in personnel expense.
Transfers of Financial Assets with Risk Retained through Derivatives
The Corporation enters into certain transactions involving the transfer of financial assets that are accounted for as sales where substantially all of the economic exposure to the transferred financial assets is retained through derivatives (e.g., interest rate and/or credit), but the Corporation does not retain control over the assets transferred. Through June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Corporation transferred $6.3 billion and $6.6 billion of non-U.S. government-guaranteed mortgage-backed securities
(MBS) to a third-party trust and retained economic exposure to the
transferred assets through derivative contracts. In connection with these transfers, the Corporation received gross cash proceeds of $6.3 billion and $6.6 billion at the transfer dates. At June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the fair value of the transferred securities was $6.2 billion and $6.3 billion. Derivative assets of $43 million at both period ends and liabilities of $7 million and $10 million were recorded at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, and are included in credit derivatives in the derivative instruments table on page 76.
Sales and Trading Revenue
The Corporation enters into trading derivatives to facilitate client transactions and to manage risk exposures arising from trading account assets and liabilities. It is the Corporation’s policy to include these derivative instruments in its trading activities which include derivatives and non-derivative cash instruments. The resulting risk from these derivatives is managed on a portfolio basis as part of the Corporation’s Global Markets business segment. For more information on sales and trading revenue, see Note 2 – Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation's 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The following table, which includes both derivatives and non-derivative cash instruments, identifies the amounts in the respective income statement line items attributable to the Corporation’s sales and trading revenue in Global Markets, categorized by primary risk, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016. The difference between total trading account profits in the following table and in the Consolidated Statement of Income represents trading activities in business segments other than Global Markets. This table includes debit valuation and funding valuation adjustment (DVA/FVA) gains (losses). Global Markets results in Note 17 – Business Segment Information are presented on a fully taxable-equivalent (FTE) basis. The following table is not presented on an FTE basis.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sales and Trading Revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30
 
Six Months Ended June 30
 
2017
 
2017
(Dollars in millions)
Trading Account Profits
 
Net Interest Income
 
Other (1)
 
Total
 
Trading Account Profits
 
Net Interest Income
 
Other (1)
 
Total
Interest rate risk
$
326

 
$
226

 
$
117

 
$
669

 
$
674

 
$
533

 
$
235

 
$
1,442

Foreign exchange risk
347

 
(1
)
 
(39
)
 
307

 
715

 
(4
)
 
(80
)
 
631

Equity risk
776

 
(155
)
 
475

 
1,096

 
1,447

 
(230
)
 
962

 
2,179

Credit risk
264

 
621

 
148

 
1,033

 
950

 
1,268

 
345

 
2,563

Other risk
30

 
5

 
18

 
53

 
134

 
10

 
51

 
195

Total sales and trading revenue
$
1,743

 
$
696

 
$
719

 
$
3,158

 
$
3,920

 
$
1,577

 
$
1,513

 
$
7,010

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30
 
Six Months Ended June 30
 
2016
 
2016
Interest rate risk
$
429

 
$
334

 
$
75

 
$
838

 
$
923

 
$
759

 
$
126

 
$
1,808

Foreign exchange risk
344

 
(2
)
 
(37
)
 
305

 
684

 
(3
)
 
(73
)
 
608

Equity risk
586

 
(17
)
 
510

 
1,079

 
1,017

 
(16
)
 
1,108

 
2,109

Credit risk
414

 
642

 
118

 
1,174

 
622

 
1,268

 
256

 
2,146

Other risk
99

 
(11
)
 
9

 
97

 
221

 
(26
)
 
26

 
221

Total sales and trading revenue
$
1,872

 
$
946

 
$
675

 
$
3,493

 
$
3,467

 
$
1,982

 
$
1,443

 
$
6,892

(1) 
Represents amounts in investment and brokerage services and other income that are recorded in Global Markets and included in the definition of sales and trading revenue. Includes investment and brokerage services revenue of $514 million and $1.0 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and $517 million and $1.1 billion for the same periods in 2016.
Credit Derivatives
The Corporation enters into credit derivatives primarily to facilitate client transactions and to manage credit risk exposures. Credit derivatives derive value based on an underlying third-party referenced obligation or a portfolio of referenced obligations and generally require the Corporation, as the seller of credit protection, to make payments to a buyer upon the occurrence of a pre-defined credit event. Such credit events generally include bankruptcy of the referenced credit entity and failure to pay under the obligation, as well as acceleration of indebtedness and payment repudiation or moratorium. For credit derivatives based on a portfolio of referenced credits or credit indices, the Corporation may not be required to make payment until a specified amount of loss has occurred and/or may only be required to make payment up to a specified amount.
Credit derivative instruments where the Corporation is the seller of credit protection and their expiration at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are summarized in the following table.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit Derivative Instruments
 
 
 
 
June 30, 2017
 
Carrying Value
(Dollars in millions)
Less than
One Year
 
One to
Three Years
 
Three to
Five Years
 
Over Five
Years
 
Total
Credit default swaps:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Investment grade
$
5

 
$
31

 
$
255

 
$
355

 
$
646

Non-investment grade
317

 
605

 
565

 
2,614

 
4,101

Total
322

 
636

 
820

 
2,969

 
4,747

Total return swaps/other:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Investment grade
13

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
13

Non-investment grade
139

 
1

 
—

 
49

 
189

Total
152

 
1

 
—

 
49

 
202

Total credit derivatives
$
474

 
$
637

 
$
820

 
$
3,018

 
$
4,949

Credit-related notes:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Investment grade
$
—

 
$
1

 
$
321

 
$
875

 
$
1,197

Non-investment grade
17

 
20

 
12

 
1,307

 
1,356

Total credit-related notes
$
17

 
$
21

 
$
333

 
$
2,182

 
$
2,553

 
Maximum Payout/Notional
Credit default swaps:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Investment grade
$
97,928

 
$
117,056

 
$
113,761

 
$
22,466

 
$
351,211

Non-investment grade
69,315

 
45,426

 
40,295

 
15,342

 
170,378

Total
167,243

 
162,482

 
154,056

 
37,808

 
521,589

Total return swaps/other:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Investment grade
24,146

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
24,146

Non-investment grade
7,757

 
4,638

 
305

 
915

 
13,615

Total
31,903

 
4,638

 
305

 
915

 
37,761

Total credit derivatives
$
199,146

 
$
167,120

 
$
154,361

 
$
38,723

 
$
559,350

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2016
 
Carrying Value
Credit default swaps:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment grade
$
10

 
$
64

 
$
535

 
$
783

 
$
1,392

Non-investment grade
771

 
1,053

 
908

 
3,339

 
6,071

Total
781

 
1,117

 
1,443

 
4,122

 
7,463

Total return swaps/other:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Investment grade
16

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
16

Non-investment grade
127

 
10

 
2

 
1

 
140

Total
143

 
10

 
2

 
1

 
156

Total credit derivatives
$
924

 
$
1,127

 
$
1,445

 
$
4,123

 
$
7,619

Credit-related notes:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Investment grade
$
—

 
$
12

 
$
542

 
$
1,423

 
$
1,977

Non-investment grade
70

 
22

 
60

 
1,318

 
1,470

Total credit-related notes
$
70

 
$
34

 
$
602

 
$
2,741

 
$
3,447

 
Maximum Payout/Notional
Credit default swaps:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment grade
$
121,083

 
$
143,200

 
$
116,540

 
$
21,905

 
$
402,728

Non-investment grade
84,755

 
67,160

 
41,001

 
18,711

 
211,627

Total
205,838

 
210,360

 
157,541

 
40,616

 
614,355

Total return swaps/other:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Investment grade
12,792

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
12,792

Non-investment grade
6,638

 
5,127

 
589

 
208

 
12,562

Total
19,430

 
5,127

 
589

 
208

 
25,354

Total credit derivatives
$
225,268

 
$
215,487

 
$
158,130

 
$
40,824

 
$
639,709

Credit derivatives are classified as investment and non-investment grade based on the credit quality of the underlying referenced obligation. The Corporation considers ratings of BBB- or higher as investment grade. Non-investment grade includes non-rated credit derivative instruments. The Corporation discloses internal categorizations of investment grade and non-investment grade consistent with how risk is managed for these instruments.
The notional amount represents the maximum amount payable by the Corporation for most credit derivatives. However, the Corporation does not monitor its exposure to credit derivatives based solely on the notional amount because this measure does not take into consideration the probability of occurrence. As such, the notional amount is not a reliable indicator of the Corporation’s exposure to these contracts. Instead, a risk framework is used to define risk tolerances and establish limits to help ensure that certain credit risk-related losses occur within acceptable, predefined limits.
Credit-related notes in the table on page 82 include investments in securities issued by collateralized debt obligation (CDO), collateralized loan obligation (CLO) and credit-linked note vehicles. These instruments are primarily classified as trading securities. The carrying value of these instruments equals the Corporation’s maximum exposure to loss. The Corporation is not obligated to make any payments to the entities under the terms of the securities owned.
Credit-related Contingent Features and Collateral
The majority of the Corporation's derivative contracts contain credit-risk related features, primarily in the form of ISDA master netting agreements and credit support documentation that enhance the creditworthiness of these instruments. Therefore, events such as a credit rating downgrade or a breach of credit covenants would typically require an increase in the amount of collateral required of the counterparty, where applicable, and/or allow the Corporation to take additional protective measures such as early termination of all trades. At June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Corporation held cash and securities collateral of $77.0 billion and $85.5 billion, and posted cash and securities collateral of $67.2 billion and $71.1 billion in the normal course of business under derivative agreements, excluding cross-product margining agreements where clients are permitted to margin on a net basis for both derivative and secured financing arrangements.
In connection with certain OTC derivative contracts and other trading agreements, the Corporation can be required to provide additional collateral or to terminate transactions with certain counterparties in the event of a downgrade of the senior debt ratings of the Corporation or certain subsidiaries. At June 30, 2017, the amount of collateral, calculated based on the terms of the contracts, that the Corporation and certain subsidiaries could be required to post to counterparties but had not yet posted to counterparties was approximately $2.5 billion, including $1.8 billion for Bank of America, N.A. (BANA). For more information on credit-related contingent features and collateral, see Note 2 – Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation's 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Some counterparties are currently able to unilaterally terminate certain contracts, or the Corporation or certain subsidiaries may be required to take other action such as find a suitable replacement or obtain a guarantee. At June 30, 2017, the liability recorded for these derivative contracts was $31 million.
The following table presents the amount of additional collateral that would have been contractually required by derivative contracts and other trading agreements at June 30, 2017 if the rating agencies had downgraded their long-term senior debt ratings for the Corporation or certain subsidiaries by one incremental notch and by an additional second incremental notch.
 
 
 
Additional Collateral Required to be Posted Upon Downgrade
 
 
 
 
June 30, 2017
(Dollars in millions)
One
incremental notch
Second
incremental notch
Bank of America Corporation
$
483

$
704

Bank of America, N.A. and subsidiaries (1)
349

350

(1) 
Included in Bank of America Corporation collateral requirements in this table.
The table below presents the derivative liabilities that would be subject to unilateral termination by counterparties and the amounts of collateral that would have been contractually required at June 30, 2017 if the long-term senior debt ratings for the Corporation or certain subsidiaries had been lower by one incremental notch and by an additional second incremental notch.
 
 
 
Derivative Liabilities Subject to Unilateral Termination Upon Downgrade
 
 
 
 
June 30, 2017
(Dollars in millions)
One
incremental notch
Second
incremental notch
Derivative liabilities
$
545

$
1,164

Collateral posted
422

821


Valuation Adjustments on Derivatives
The table below presents credit valuation adjustment (CVA), DVA and FVA gains (losses) on derivatives, which are recorded in trading account profits, on a gross and net of hedge basis for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016. For more information on the valuation adjustments on derivatives, see Note 2 – Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation's 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Valuation Adjustments on Derivatives (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains (Losses)
Three Months Ended June 30
 
2017
 
2016
(Dollars in millions)
Gross
Net
 
Gross
Net
Derivative assets (CVA)
$
97

$
52

 
$
(26
)
$
33

Derivative assets/liabilities (FVA)
27

41

 
23

25

Derivative liabilities (DVA)
(128
)
(125
)
 
(75
)
(141
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30
 
2017
 
2016
 
Gross
Net
 
Gross
Net
Derivative assets (CVA)
$
258

$
78

 
$
(235
)
$
85

Derivative assets/liabilities (FVA)
76

97

 
(33
)
(31
)
Derivative liabilities (DVA)
(278
)
(218
)
 
231

43

(1) 
At June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, cumulative CVA reduced the derivative assets balance by $749 million and $1.0 billion, cumulative FVA reduced the net derivatives balance by $220 million and $296 million, and cumulative DVA reduced the derivative liabilities balance by $496 million and $774 million, respectively.