Outstanding Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses

v3.24.0.1

Outstanding Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Receivables [Abstract]
Outstanding Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses	Outstanding Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses The following tables present total outstanding loans and leases and an aging analysis for the Consumer Real Estate, Credit Card and Other Consumer, and Commercial portfolio segments, by class of financing receivables, at December 31, 2023 and 2022. 30-59 Days  Past Due (1) 60-89 Days  Past Due (1) 90 Days or More Past Due (1) Total Past Due 30 Days or More Total  Current or  Less Than  30 Days  Past Due (1) Loans  Accounted  for Under  the Fair  Value  Option Total Outstandings (Dollars in millions) December 31, 2023 Consumer real estate             Residential mortgage $ 1,177  $ 302  $ 829  $ 2,308  $ 226,095  $ 228,403  Home equity 90  38  161  289  25,238  25,527  Credit card and other consumer Credit card 680  515  1,224  2,419  99,781  102,200  Direct/Indirect consumer (2) 306  99  91  496  102,972  103,468  Other consumer —  —  —  —  124  124  Total consumer 2,253  954  2,305  5,512  454,210  459,722  Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option (3) $ 243  243  Total consumer loans and leases 2,253  954  2,305  5,512  454,210  243  459,965  Commercial U.S. commercial 477  96  225  798  358,133  358,931  Non-U.S. commercial 86  21  64  171  124,410  124,581  Commercial real estate (4) 247  133  505  885  71,993  72,878  Commercial lease financing 44  8  24  76  14,778  14,854  U.S. small business commercial (5) 166  89  184  439  18,758  19,197  Total commercial 1,020  347  1,002  2,369  588,072  590,441  Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option (3) 3,326  3,326  Total commercial loans and leases 1,020  347  1,002  2,369  588,072  3,326  593,767  Total loans and leases (6) $ 3,273  $ 1,301  $ 3,307  $ 7,881  $ 1,042,282  $ 3,569  $ 1,053,732  Percentage of outstandings 0.31  % 0.12  % 0.32  % 0.75  % 98.91  % 0.34  % 100.00  % (1)Consumer real estate loans 30-59 days past due includes fully-insured loans of $198 million and nonperforming loans of $150 million. Consumer real estate loans 60-89 days past due includes fully-insured loans of $77 million and nonperforming loans of $102 million. Consumer real estate loans 90 days or more past due includes fully-insured loans of $252 million and nonperforming loans of $738 million. Consumer real estate loans current or less than 30 days past due includes $1.6 billion, and direct/indirect consumer includes $39 million of nonperforming loans. (2)Total outstandings primarily includes auto and specialty lending loans and leases of $53.9 billion, U.S. securities-based lending loans of $46.0 billion and non-U.S. consumer loans of $2.8 billion. (3)Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option includes residential mortgage loans of $66 million and home equity loans of $177 million. Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option includes U.S. commercial loans of $2.2 billion and non-U.S. commercial loans of $1.2 billion. For more information, see Note 20 – Fair Value Measurements and Note 21 – Fair Value Option. (4)Total outstandings includes U.S. commercial real estate loans of $66.8 billion and non-U.S. commercial real estate loans of $6.1 billion. (5)Includes Paycheck Protection Program loans. (6)Total outstandings includes loans and leases pledged as collateral of $33.7 billion. The Corporation also pledged $246.0 billion of loans with no related outstanding borrowings to secure potential borrowing capacity with the Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank. 30-59 Days Past Due (1) 60-89 Days  Past Due (1) 90 Days or More Past Due (1) Total Past Due 30 Days or More Total Current or Less Than 30 Days Past Due (1) Loans Accounted for Under the Fair Value Option Total Outstandings (Dollars in millions) December 31, 2022 Consumer real estate             Residential mortgage $ 1,077  $ 245  $ 945  $ 2,267  $ 227,403  $ 229,670  Home equity 88  32  211  331  26,232  26,563  Credit card and other consumer           Credit card 466  322  717  1,505  91,916    93,421  Direct/Indirect consumer (2) 204  59  45  308  105,928    106,236  Other consumer  —  —  —  —  156    156  Total consumer 1,835  658  1,918  4,411  451,635  456,046  Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option (3) $ 339  339  Total consumer loans and leases 1,835  658  1,918  4,411  451,635  339  456,385  Commercial               U.S. commercial 827  288  330  1,445  357,036    358,481  Non-U.S. commercial 317  59  144  520  123,959    124,479  Commercial real estate (4) 409  81  77  567  69,199    69,766  Commercial lease financing 49  9  11  69  13,575    13,644  U.S. small business commercial (5) 107  63  356  526  17,034    17,560  Total commercial 1,709  500  918  3,127  580,803    583,930  Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option (3) 5,432  5,432  Total commercial loans and leases 1,709  500  918  3,127  580,803  5,432  589,362  Total loans and leases (6) $ 3,544  $ 1,158  $ 2,836  $ 7,538  $ 1,032,438  $ 5,771  $ 1,045,747  Percentage of outstandings 0.34  % 0.11  % 0.27  % 0.72  % 98.73  % 0.55  % 100.00  % (1)Consumer real estate loans 30-59 days past due includes fully-insured loans of $184 million and nonperforming loans of $155 million. Consumer real estate loans 60-89 days past due includes fully-insured loans of $75 million and nonperforming loans of $88 million. Consumer real estate loans 90 days or more past due includes fully-insured loans of $368 million and nonperforming loans of $788 million. Consumer real estate loans current or less than 30 days past due includes $1.6 billion, and direct/indirect consumer includes $27 million of nonperforming loans. (2)Total outstandings primarily includes auto and specialty lending loans and leases of $51.8 billion, U.S. securities-based lending loans of $50.4 billion and non-U.S. consumer loans of $3.0 billion. (3)Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option includes residential mortgage loans of $71 million and home equity loans of $268 million. Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option includes U.S. commercial loans of $2.9 billion and non-U.S. commercial loans of $2.5 billion. For more information, see Note 20 – Fair Value Measurements and Note 21 – Fair Value Option. (4)Total outstandings includes U.S. commercial real estate loans of $64.9 billion and non-U.S. commercial real estate loans of $4.8 billion. (5)Includes Paycheck Protection Program loans. (6)Total outstandings includes loans and leases pledged as collateral of $18.5 billion. The Corporation also pledged $163.6 billion of loans with no related outstanding borrowings to secure potential borrowing capacity with the Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank. The Corporation has entered into long-term credit protection agreements with FNMA and FHLMC on loans totaling $8.7 billion and $9.5 billion at December 31, 2023 and 2022, providing full credit protection on residential mortgage loans that become severely delinquent. All of these loans are individually insured, and therefore the Corporation does not record an allowance for credit losses related to these loans. Nonperforming Loans and Leases Commercial nonperforming loans increased to $2.8 billion at December 31, 2023 from $1.1 billion at December 31, 2022, driven by the commercial real estate property type. Consumer nonperforming loans remained relatively unchanged at $2.7 billion at December 31, 2023. The following table presents the Corporation’s nonperforming loans and leases and loans accruing past due 90 days or more at December 31, 2023 and 2022. Nonperforming LHFS are excluded from nonperforming loans and leases as they are recorded at either fair value or the lower of cost or fair value. For more information on the criteria for classification as nonperforming, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles. Credit Quality Nonperforming Loans and Leases Accruing Past Due 90 Days or More December 31 (Dollars in millions) 2023 2022 2023 2022 Residential mortgage (1) $ 2,114  $ 2,167  $ 252  $ 368  With no related allowance (2) 1,974  1,973  —  —  Home equity (1) 450  510  —  —  With no related allowance (2) 375  393  —  —  Credit Card                      n/a                     n/a 1,224  717  Direct/indirect consumer 148  77  2  2  Total consumer 2,712  2,754  1,478  1,087  U.S. commercial 636  553  51  190  Non-U.S. commercial 175  212  4  25  Commercial real estate 1,927  271  32  46  Commercial lease financing 19  4  7  8  U.S. small business commercial 16  14  184  355  Total commercial 2,773  1,054  278  624  Total nonperforming loans $ 5,485  $ 3,808  $ 1,756  $ 1,711  Percentage of outstanding loans and leases 0.52  % 0.37  % 0.17  % 0.16  % (1)Residential mortgage loans accruing past due 90 days or more are fully-insured loans. At December 31, 2023 and 2022 residential mortgage included $156 million and $260 million of loans on which interest had been curtailed by the FHA, and therefore were no longer accruing interest, although principal was still insured, and $96 million and $108 million of loans on which interest was still accruing. (2)Primarily relates to loans for which the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral less any costs to sell is greater than the amortized cost of the loans as of the reporting date. n/a = not applicable Credit Quality Indicators The Corporation monitors credit quality within its Consumer Real Estate, Credit Card and Other Consumer, and Commercial portfolio segments based on primary credit quality indicators. For more information on the portfolio segments, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles. Within the Consumer Real Estate portfolio segment, the primary credit quality indicators are refreshed LTV and refreshed Fair Isaac Corporation (FICO) score. Refreshed LTV measures the carrying value of the loan as a percentage of the value of the property securing the loan, refreshed quarterly. Home equity loans are evaluated using CLTV, which measures the carrying value of the Corporation’s loan and available line of credit combined with any outstanding senior liens against the property as a percentage of the value of the property securing the loan, refreshed quarterly. FICO score measures the creditworthiness of the borrower based on the financial obligations of the borrower and the borrower’s credit history. FICO scores are typically refreshed quarterly or more frequently. Certain borrowers (e.g., borrowers that have had debts discharged in a bankruptcy proceeding) may not have their FICO scores updated. FICO scores are also a primary credit quality indicator for the Credit Card and Other Consumer portfolio segment and the business card portfolio within U.S. small business commercial. Within the Commercial portfolio segment, loans are evaluated using the internal classifications of pass rated or reservable criticized as the primary credit quality indicators. The term reservable criticized refers to those commercial loans that are internally classified or listed by the Corporation as Special Mention, Substandard or Doubtful, which are asset quality categories defined by regulatory authorities. These assets have an elevated level of risk and may have a high probability of default or total loss. Pass rated refers to all loans not considered reservable criticized. In addition to these primary credit quality indicators, the Corporation uses other credit quality indicators for certain types of loans. The following tables present certain credit quality indicators and gross charge-offs for the Corporation's Consumer Real Estate, Credit Card and Other Consumer, and Commercial portfolio segments by year of origination, except for revolving loans and revolving loans that were modified into term loans, which are shown on an aggregate basis at December 31, 2023. Residential Mortgage – Credit Quality Indicators By Vintage Term Loans by Origination Year (Dollars in millions) Total as of December 31,  2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Residential Mortgage Refreshed LTV       Less than or equal to 90 percent $ 214,661  $ 15,224  $ 38,225  $ 76,229  $ 35,072  $ 17,432  $ 32,479  Greater than 90 percent but less than or equal to 100 percent 1,994  698  911  286  53  25  21  Greater than 100 percent 785  264  342  100  31  14  34  Fully-insured loans 10,963  540  350  3,415  2,834  847  2,977  Total Residential Mortgage $ 228,403  $ 16,726  $ 39,828  $ 80,030  $ 37,990  $ 18,318  $ 35,511  Residential Mortgage Refreshed FICO score Less than 620 $ 2,335  $ 115  $ 471  $ 589  $ 402  $ 136  $ 622  Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 680 4,671  359  919  1,235  777  296  1,085  Greater than or equal to 680 and less than 740 23,357  1,934  4,652  6,988  3,742  1,836  4,205  Greater than or equal to 740 187,077  13,778  33,436  67,803  30,235  15,203  26,622  Fully-insured loans 10,963  540  350  3,415  2,834  847  2,977  Total Residential Mortgage $ 228,403  $ 16,726  $ 39,828  $ 80,030  $ 37,990  $ 18,318  $ 35,511  Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2023 $ 67  $ —  $ 7  $ 12  $ 6  $ 2  $ 40  Home Equity - Credit Quality Indicators Total Home Equity Loans and Reverse Mortgages (1) Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans (Dollars in millions) December 31, 2023 Home Equity Refreshed LTV       Less than or equal to 90 percent $ 25,378  $ 1,051  $ 20,380  $ 3,947  Greater than 90 percent but less than or equal to 100 percent 61  17  35  9  Greater than 100 percent 88  35  36  17  Total Home Equity $ 25,527  $ 1,103  $ 20,451  $ 3,973  Home Equity Refreshed FICO score Less than 620 $ 654  $ 123  $ 253  $ 278  Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 680 1,107  118  589  400  Greater than or equal to 680 and less than 740 4,340  240  3,156  944  Greater than or equal to 740 19,426  622  16,453  2,351  Total Home Equity $ 25,527  $ 1,103  $ 20,451  $ 3,973  Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2023 $ 36  $ 4  $ 21  $ 11  (1)Includes reverse mortgages of $763 million and home equity loans of $340 million, which are no longer originated. Credit Card and Direct/Indirect Consumer – Credit Quality Indicators By Vintage Direct/Indirect Term Loans by Origination Year Credit Card (Dollars in millions) Total Direct/ Indirect as of December 31, 2023 Revolving Loans 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total Credit Card as of December 31, 2023 Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans (1) Refreshed FICO score     Less than 620 $ 1,246  $ 11  $ 292  $ 428  $ 336  $ 85  $ 55  $ 39  $ 5,338  $ 5,030  $ 308  Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 680 2,506  11  937  799  501  121  73  64  11,623  11,345  278  Greater than or equal to 680 and less than 740 8,629  48  3,451  2,582  1,641  462  244  201  34,777  34,538  239  Greater than or equal to 740 41,656  74  16,761  11,802  7,643  2,707  1,417  1,252  50,462  50,410  52  Other internal credit    metrics (2,3) 49,431  48,764  106  183  110  53  57  158  —  —  —  Total credit card and other    consumer $ 103,468  $ 48,908  $ 21,547  $ 15,794  $ 10,231  $ 3,428  $ 1,846  $ 1,714  $ 102,200  $ 101,323  $ 877  Gross charge-offs for the year    ended December 31, 2023 $ 233  $ 5  $ 32  $ 95  $ 53  $ 15  $ 10  $ 23  $ 3,133  $ 3,013  $ 120  (1)Represents loans that were modified into term loans. (2)Other internal credit metrics may include delinquency status, geography or other factors. (3)Direct/indirect consumer includes $48.8 billion of securities-based lending, which is typically supported by highly liquid collateral with market value greater than or equal to the outstanding loan balance and therefore has minimal credit risk at December 31, 2023. Commercial – Credit Quality Indicators By Vintage (1) Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (Dollars in millions) Total as of December 31, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans U.S. Commercial Risk ratings         Pass rated $ 347,563  $ 41,842  $ 43,290  $ 27,738  $ 13,495  $ 11,772  $ 29,923  $ 179,503  Reservable criticized 11,368  278  1,316  708  363  537  1,342  6,824  Total U.S. Commercial $ 358,931  $ 42,120  $ 44,606  $ 28,446  $ 13,858  $ 12,309  $ 31,265  $ 186,327  Gross charge-offs for the year ended    December 31, 2023 $ 191  $ 5  $ 38  $ 29  $ 4  $ 2  $ 27  $ 86  Non-U.S. Commercial Risk ratings Pass rated $ 122,931  $ 17,053  $ 15,810  $ 15,256  $ 2,405  $ 2,950  $ 5,485  $ 63,972  Reservable criticized 1,650  50  184  294  90  158  74  800  Total Non-U.S. Commercial $ 124,581  $ 17,103  $ 15,994  $ 15,550  $ 2,495  $ 3,108  $ 5,559  $ 64,772  Gross charge-offs for the year ended    December 31, 2023 $ 37  $ —  $ —  $ 8  $ 7  $ 1  $ —  $ 21  Commercial Real Estate Risk ratings Pass rated $ 64,150  $ 4,877  $ 16,147  $ 11,810  $ 4,026  $ 7,286  $ 10,127  $ 9,877  Reservable criticized 8,728  134  749  1,728  782  2,132  2,794  409  Total Commercial Real Estate $ 72,878  $ 5,011  $ 16,896  $ 13,538  $ 4,808  $ 9,418  $ 12,921  $ 10,286  Gross charge-offs for the year ended    December 31, 2023 $ 254  $ 2  $ —  $ 4  $ —  $ 59  $ 189  $ —  Commercial Lease Financing Risk ratings Pass rated $ 14,688  $ 4,188  $ 3,077  $ 2,373  $ 1,349  $ 1,174  $ 2,527  $ —  Reservable criticized 166  9  22  46  16  32  41  —  Total Commercial Lease Financing $ 14,854  $ 4,197  $ 3,099  $ 2,419  $ 1,365  $ 1,206  $ 2,568  $ —  Gross charge-offs for the year ended    December 31, 2023 $ 2  $ —  $ —  $ 1  $ 1  $ —  $ —  $ —  U.S. Small Business Commercial (2) Risk ratings Pass rated $ 9,031  $ 1,886  $ 1,830  $ 1,550  $ 836  $ 721  $ 1,780  $ 428  Reservable criticized 384  6  64  95  40  63  113  3  Total U.S. Small Business Commercial $ 9,415  $ 1,892  $ 1,894  $ 1,645  $ 876  $ 784  $ 1,893  $ 431  Gross charge-offs for the year ended    December 31, 2023 $ 43  $ 1  $ 2  $ 2  $ 19  $ 3  $ 4  $ 12  Total $ 580,659  $ 70,323  $ 82,489  $ 61,598  $ 23,402  $ 26,825  $ 54,206  $ 261,816  Gross charge-offs for the year ended    December 31, 2023 $ 527  $ 8  $ 40  $ 44  $ 31  $ 65  $ 220  $ 119  (1)Excludes $3.3 billion of loans accounted for under the fair value option at December 31, 2023. (2)Excludes U.S. Small Business Card loans of $9.8 billion. Refreshed FICO scores for this portfolio are $530 million for less than 620; $1.1 billion for greater than or equal to 620 and less than 680; $2.7 billion for greater than or equal to 680 and less than 740; and $5.5 billion greater than or equal to 740. Excludes U.S. Small Business Card loans gross charge-offs of $317 million. The following tables present certain credit quality indicators for the Corporation's Consumer Real Estate, Credit Card and Other Consumer, and Commercial portfolio segments by year of origination, except for revolving loans and revolving loans that were modified into term loans, which are shown on an aggregate basis at December 31, 2022. Residential Mortgage – Credit Quality Indicators By Vintage Term Loans by Origination Year (Dollars in millions) Total as of  December 31,  2022 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Residential Mortgage Refreshed LTV Less than or equal to 90 percent $ 215,713  $ 39,625  $ 81,437  $ 37,228  $ 18,980  $ 5,734  $ 32,709  Greater than 90 percent but less than or equal to 100 percent 1,615  950  530  93  15  8  19  Greater than 100 percent 648  374  169  43  15  8  39  Fully-insured loans 11,694  580  3,667  3,102  949  156  3,240  Total Residential Mortgage $ 229,670  $ 41,529  $ 85,803  $ 40,466  $ 19,959  $ 5,906  $ 36,007  Residential Mortgage Refreshed FICO score Less than 620 $ 2,156  $ 377  $ 518  $ 373  $ 124  $ 84  $ 680  Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 680 4,978  1,011  1,382  840  329  233  1,183  Greater than or equal to 680 and less than 740 25,444  5,411  8,290  4,369  2,187  830  4,357  Greater than or equal to 740 185,398  34,150  71,946  31,782  16,370  4,603  26,547  Fully-insured loans 11,694  580  3,667  3,102  949  156  3,240  Total Residential Mortgage $ 229,670  $ 41,529  $ 85,803  $ 40,466  $ 19,959  $ 5,906  $ 36,007  Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2022 $ 161  $ —  $ 6  $ 5  $ 6  $ 1  $ 143  Home Equity - Credit Quality Indicators Total Home Equity Loans and Reverse Mortgages (1) Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans (Dollars in millions) December 31, 2022 Home Equity Refreshed LTV Less than or equal to 90 percent $ 26,395  $ 1,304  $ 19,960  $ 5,131  Greater than 90 percent but less than or equal to 100 percent 62  20  24  18  Greater than 100 percent 106  37  35  34  Total Home Equity $ 26,563  $ 1,361  $ 20,019  $ 5,183  Home Equity Refreshed FICO score Less than 620 $ 683  $ 166  $ 189  $ 328  Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 680 1,190  152  507  531  Greater than or equal to 680 and less than 740 4,321  312  2,747  1,262  Greater than or equal to 740 20,369  731  16,576  3,062  Total Home Equity $ 26,563  $ 1,361  $ 20,019  $ 5,183  Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2022 $ 45  $ 5  $ 24  $ 16  (1)Includes reverse mortgages of $937 million and home equity loans of $424 million, which are no longer originated. Credit Card and Direct/Indirect Consumer – Credit Quality Indicators By Vintage Direct/Indirect Term Loans by Origination Year Credit Card (Dollars in millions) Total Direct/Indirect as of December 31, 2022 Revolving Loans 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Total Credit Card as of December 31, 2022 Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans (1) Refreshed FICO score Less than 620 $ 847  $ 12  $ 237  $ 301  $ 113  $ 84  $ 43  $ 57  $ 4,056  $ 3,866  $ 190  Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 680 2,521  12  1,108  816  269  150  69  97  10,994  10,805  189  Greater than or equal to 680 and less than 740 8,895  52  4,091  2,730  992  520  214  296  32,186  32,017  169  Greater than or equal to 740 39,679  83  16,663  11,392  5,630  2,992  1,236  1,683  46,185  46,142  43  Other internal credit    metrics (2, 3) 54,294  53,404  259  305  70  57  40  159  —  —  —  Total credit card and other    consumer $ 106,236  $ 53,563  $ 22,358  $ 15,544  $ 7,074  $ 3,803  $ 1,602  $ 2,292  $ 93,421  $ 92,830  $ 591  Gross charge-offs for the year    ended December 31, 2022 $ 232  $ 7  $ 31  $ 79  $ 34  $ 27  $ 14  $ 40  $ 1,985  $ 1,909  $ 76  (1)Represents TDRs that were modified into term loans. (2)Other internal credit metrics may include delinquency status, geography or other factors. (3)Direct/indirect consumer includes $53.4 billion of securities-based lending, which is typically supported by highly liquid collateral with market value greater than or equal to the outstanding loan balance and therefore has minimal credit risk at December 31, 2022. Commercial – Credit Quality Indicators By Vintage (1) Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (Dollars in millions) Total as of December 31, 2022 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Revolving Loans U.S. Commercial Risk ratings         Pass rated $ 348,447  $ 61,200  $ 39,717  $ 18,609  $ 16,566  $ 8,749  $ 30,282  $ 173,324  Reservable criticized 10,034  278  794  697  884  1,202  856  5,323  Total U.S. Commercial $ 358,481  $ 61,478  $ 40,511  $ 19,306  $ 17,450  $ 9,951  $ 31,138  $ 178,647  Gross charge-offs for the year ended    December 31, 2022 $ 151  $ 2  $ 24  $ 24  $ 9  $ 6  $ 13  $ 73  Non-U.S. Commercial Risk ratings Pass rated $ 121,890  $ 24,839  $ 19,098  $ 5,183  $ 3,882  $ 2,423  $ 4,697  $ 61,768  Reservable criticized 2,589  45  395  331  325  98  475  920  Total Non-U.S. Commercial $ 124,479  $ 24,884  $ 19,493  $ 5,514  $ 4,207  $ 2,521  $ 5,172  $ 62,688  Gross charge-offs for the year ended    December 31, 2022 $ 41  $ —  $ 3  $ 1  $ —  $ 37  $ —  $ —  Commercial Real Estate Risk ratings Pass rated $ 64,619  $ 15,290  $ 13,089  $ 5,756  $ 9,013  $ 4,384  $ 8,606  $ 8,481  Reservable criticized 5,147  11  837  545  1,501  1,151  1,017  85  Total Commercial Real Estate $ 69,766  $ 15,301  $ 13,926  $ 6,301  $ 10,514  $ 5,535  $ 9,623  $ 8,566  Gross charge-offs for the year ended    December 31, 2022 $ 75  $ —  $ —  $ 6  $ —  $ 26  $ 43  $ —  Commercial Lease Financing Risk ratings Pass rated $ 13,404  $ 3,255  $ 2,757  $ 1,955  $ 1,578  $ 1,301  $ 2,558  $ —  Reservable criticized 240  9  35  12  71  50  63  —  Total Commercial Lease Financing $ 13,644  $ 3,264  $ 2,792  $ 1,967  $ 1,649  $ 1,351  $ 2,621  $ —  Gross charge-offs for the year ended    December 31, 2022 $ 8  $ —  $ 4  $ —  $ 4  $ —  $ —  $ —  U.S. Small Business Commercial (2) Risk ratings Pass rated $ 8,726  $ 1,825  $ 1,953  $ 1,408  $ 864  $ 624  $ 1,925  $ 127  Reservable criticized 329  11  35  48  76  51  105  3  Total U.S. Small Business Commercial $ 9,055  $ 1,836  $ 1,988  $ 1,456  $ 940  $ 675  $ 2,030  $ 130  Gross charge-offs for the year ended    December 31, 2022 $ 31  $ —  $ 1  $ 11  $ 4  $ 1  $ 6  $ 8   Total $ 575,425  $ 106,763  $ 78,710  $ 34,544  $ 34,760  $ 20,033  $ 50,584  $ 250,031  Gross charge-offs for the year ended    December 31, 2022 $ 306  $ 2  $ 32  $ 42  $ 17  $ 70  $ 62  $ 81  (1) Excludes $5.4 billion of loans accounted for under the fair value option at December 31, 2022. (2) Excludes U.S. Small Business Card loans of $8.5 billion. Refreshed FICO scores for this portfolio are $297 million for less than 620; $859 million for greater than or equal to 620 and less than 680; $2.4 billion for greater than or equal to 680 and less than 740; and $5.0 billion greater than or equal to 740. Excludes U.S. Small Business Card loans gross charge-offs of $172 million. During 2023, commercial reservable criticized utilized exposure increased to $23.3 billion at December 31, 2023 from $19.3 billion (to 3.74 percent from 3.12 percent of total commercial reservable utilized exposure) at December 31, 2022, primarily driven by commercial real estate and U.S. commercial. Loan Modifications to Borrowers in Financial Difficulty As part of its credit risk management, the Corporation may modify a loan agreement with a borrower experiencing financial difficulties through a refinancing or restructuring of the borrower’s loan agreement (modification programs). The Corporation uses various indicators to identify borrowers in financial difficulty. Generally, consumer loan borrowers that are delinquent and commercial loan borrowers that are currently nonperforming or are more-likely-than-not to become nonperforming in the next six months at the modification date are the primary criteria used to identify borrowers who are experiencing financial difficulty. If a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and their loan is modified, and they are current at the time of modification, the loan generally remains a performing loan as long as there is demonstrated performance prior to the modification and payment in full under the modified terms is expected. Otherwise, the loan is placed on nonaccrual status and reported as nonperforming, excluding fully-insured consumer real estate loans, until there is sustained repayment performance for a reasonable period. Modifications that do not impact the contractual payment terms, such as covenant waivers, insignificant payment deferrals, and any modifications made to loans carried at fair value, LHFS and leases are not included in the disclosures. Consumer Real Estate The following modification programs are offered for consumer real estate loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties. These modifications represented 0.26 percent and 0.34 percent of outstanding residential mortgage and home equity loans at December 31, 2023. Forbearance and Other Payment Plans: Forbearance plans generally consist of the Corporation suspending the borrower’s payments for a defined period with those payments then due at the conclusion of the forbearance period. The aging status of a loan is generally frozen when it enters into a forbearance plan. Alternatively, the Corporation may offer the borrower a payment plan, which allows the borrower to repay past due amounts through payments over a defined period. At December 31, 2023, the amortized cost of residential mortgage loans that were modified through these plans was $429 million. The amortized cost of home equity loans that were modified through these plans during the same periods was $57 million. The weighted-average duration of residential mortgage loan modifications was approximately 8 months for 2023. The weighted-average duration for home equity loan modifications was approximately 9 months. The total forborne payments for residential mortgage loan modifications was $19 million for 2023. For the same period, the total forborne payments for home equity modifications was $6 million. If a borrower is unable to fulfill their obligations under the forbearance plans, they may be offered a trial or permanent modification. Trial Modifications: Trial modification plans generally consist of the Corporation offering a borrower modified loan terms that reduce their contractual payments temporarily over a three-to-four-month trial period. If the customer successfully makes the modified payments during the trial period and formally accepts the modified terms, the modified loan terms become permanent. At December 31, 2023, the amortized cost of residential mortgage loans entering trial modifications was $116 million. The amortized cost of home equity loans entering trial modifications during the same period was $34 million. Permanent Modifications: Permanent modifications include borrowers that have completed a trial modification and have had their contractual payment terms permanently modified, as well as borrowers that proceed directly to a permanent modification without a trial period. In a permanent modification, the borrower’s payment terms are typically modified in more than one manner but generally include a term extension and an interest rate reduction. At times, the permanent modification may also include principal forgiveness and/or a deferral of past due principal and interest amounts to the end of the loan term. The combinations utilized are based on modifying the terms that give the borrower an improved ability to meet the contractual obligations. At December 31, 2023, the amortized cost of residential mortgage loans that were granted a permanent modification was $154 million. The amortized cost of home equity loans that were granted a permanent modification was $31 million. The term extensions granted for residential mortgage and home equity permanent modifications vary widely and can be up to 30 years, but are mostly in the range of 1 to 20 years for both residential mortgage and home equity loans. The weighted-average term extension of permanent modifications for residential mortgage loans was 9.9 years for 2023, while the weighted-average interest rate reduction was 1.41 percent. For the same period, the weighted-average term extension of permanent modifications for home equity loans was 17.7 years, while the weighted-average interest rate reduction was 2.74 percent. Principal forgiveness and payment deferrals were insignificant during 2023. For consumer real estate borrowers in financial difficulty that received a forbearance, trial or permanent modification, there were no commitments to lend additional funds at December 31, 2023. Borrowers with a home equity line of credit that received a forbearance plan could have all or a portion of their lines reinstated in the future if they cure their payment default and meet certain Bank conditions. Chapter 7 Discharges: If a borrower’s consumer real estate obligation is discharged in a Chapter 7 bankruptcy proceeding, the contractual payment terms of the loan are not modified, although they can no longer be enforced against the individual borrower. The Corporation’s ability to collect amounts due on the loan is limited to enforcement against the property through the foreclosure and sale of the collateral. The Corporation will only pursue foreclosure upon default by the borrower, and otherwise will recover pursuant to the loan terms or at the time of a sale. Residential mortgage and home equity loans that were granted a Chapter 7 discharge were insignificant for 2023. The Corporation tracks the performance of modified loans to assess effectiveness of modification programs. Defaults of modified residential mortgage and home equity loans since January 1, 2023 totaled $287 million during 2023. The following table provides aging information as of December 31, 2023 for consumer real estate loans modified since January 1, 2023. Consumer Real Estate - Payment Status of Modifications to Borrowers in Financial Difficulty (1) Current 30–89 Days Past Due 90+ Days Past Due Total (Dollars in millions) December 31, 2023 Residential mortgage $ 334  $ 101  $ 148  $ 583 Home equity 58  5  25  88 Total $ 392  $ 106  $ 173  $ 671 (1)Excludes trial modifications and Chapter 7 discharges Consumer real estate foreclosed properties totaled $83 million and $121 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022. The carrying value of consumer real estate loans, including fully-insured loans, for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process at December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $633 million and $871 million. During 2023 and 2022, the Corporation reclassified $106 million and $190 million of consumer real estate loans to foreclosed properties or, for properties acquired upon foreclosure of certain government-guaranteed loans (principally FHA-insured loans), to other assets. The reclassifications represent non-cash investing activities and, accordingly, are not reflected in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. Credit Card and Other Consumer Credit card and other consumer loans are primarily modified by placing the customer on a fixed payment plan with a significantly reduced fixed interest rate, with terms ranging from 6 months to 72 months. As of December 31, 2023, substantially all payment plans provided to customers had a 60-month term. In certain circumstances, the Corporation will forgive a portion of the outstanding balance if the borrower makes payments up to a set amount. The Corporation makes modifications directly with borrowers for loans held by the Corporation (internal programs) as well as through third-party renegotiation agencies that provide solutions to customers’ entire unsecured debt structures (external programs). The December 31, 2023 amortized cost of credit card and other consumer loans that were modified through these programs during 2023 was $598 million. The weighted-average interest rate reduction for the modifications was 19.02 percent, and principal forgiveness was $61 million during 2023. The Corporation tracks the performance of modified loans to assess effectiveness of modification programs. During 2023, defaults of modified credit card and other consumer loans since January 1, 2023 were insignificant. Of the $598 million in modified credit card and other consumer loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty as of December 31, 2023, $491 million were current, $59 million were 30-89 days past due, and $48 million were greater than 90 days past due. These modifications represented 0.29 percent of outstanding credit card and other consumer loans at December 31, 2023. Commercial Loans Modifications of loans to commercial borrowers experiencing financial difficulty are designed to reduce the Corporation’s loss exposure while providing borrowers with an opportunity to work through financial difficulties, often to avoid foreclosure or bankruptcy. Each modification is unique, reflects the borrower’s individual circumstances and is designed to benefit the borrower while mitigating the Corporation’s risk exposure. Commercial modifications are primarily term extensions and payment forbearances. Payment forbearances involve the Bank forbearing its contractual right to collect certain payments or payment in full (maturity forbearance) for a defined period of time. Reductions in interest rates and principal forgiveness occur infrequently for commercial borrowers. Principal forgiveness may occur in connection with foreclosure, short sales or other settlement agreements, leading to termination or sale of the loan. The table below provides the ending amortized cost of commercial loans modified during 2023. Commercial Loans - Modifications to Borrowers in Financial Difficulty Term Extension Forbearances Interest Rate Reduction Total (Dollars in Millions) Year ended December 31, 2023 U.S. commercial $ 1,016 $ 30 $ — $ 1,046 Non-U.S. commercial 136 — 24 $ 160 Commercial real estate 1,656 416 — $ 2,072 Total $ 2,808 $ 446 $ 24 $ 3,278 Term extensions granted increased the weighted-average life of the impacted loans by 1.6 years during 2023. The deferral period for loan payments can vary, but are mostly in the range of 8 months to 24 months. The weighted-average interest rate reduction was 0.57 percent in 2023. Modifications of loans to troubled borrowers for Commercial Lease Financing and U.S. Small Business Commercial were not significant during 2023. The Corporation tracks the performance of modified loans to assess effectiveness of modification programs. Defaults of Commercial loans modified in 2023 were $159 million. The following table provides aging information as of December 31, 2023 for commercial loans modified in 2023. Commercial - Payment Status of Modified Loans to Borrowers in Financial Difficulty Current 30–89 Days Past Due 90+ Days Past Due Total % of Total Class of Financing Receivable (Dollars in millions) December 31, 2023 U.S. Commercial $ 1,015  $ 3  $ 28  $ 1,046 0.29  % Non-U.S. Commercial 157  3  —  160 0.13  Commercial Real Estate 1,608  122  342  2,072 2.84  Total $ 2,780  $ 128  $ 370  $ 3,278 0.59  For 2023, the Corporation had commitments to lend $1.2 billion to commercial borrowers experiencing financial difficulty whose loans were modified during the period. Prior-period Troubled Debt Restructuring Disclosures Prior to adopting the new accounting standard on loan modifications, the Corporation accounted for modifications of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty as TDRs, when the modification resulted in a concession. The following discussion reflects loans that were considered TDRs prior to January 1, 2023. For more information on TDR accounting policies, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles. Consumer Real Estate The table below presents the December 31, 2022 unpaid principal balance, carrying value, and average pre- and post-modification interest rates of consumer real estate loans that were modified in TDRs during 2022 and 2021. The following Consumer Real Estate portfolio segment tables include loans that were initially classified as TDRs during the period and also loans that had previously been classified as TDRs and were modified again during the period. Binding trial modifications are classified as TDRs when the trial offer is made and continue to be classified as TDRs regardless of whether the borrower enters into a permanent modification. At December 31, 2022, remaining commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whose terms have been modified in a consumer real estate TDR were not significant. Consumer Real Estate – TDRs Entered into During 2022 and 2021 Unpaid Principal Balance Carrying Value Pre-Modification Interest Rate Post-Modification Interest Rate (1) (Dollars in millions) December 31, 2022 Residential mortgage $ 1,144  $ 1,015  3.52  % 3.40  % Home equity 238  191  4.61  4.65  Total $ 1,382  $ 1,206  3.71  3.62  December 31, 2021 Residential mortgage $ 891  $ 788  3.48  % 3.38  % Home equity 107  77  3.60  3.59  Total $ 998  $ 865  3.49  3.41  (1) The post-modification interest rate reflects the interest rate applicable only to permanently completed modifications, which exclude loans that are in a trial modification period. The table below presents the December 31, 2022 and 2021 carrying value for consumer real estate loans that were modified in a TDR during 2022 and 2021, by type of modification. Consumer Real Estate – Modification Programs TDRs Entered into During (Dollars in millions) 2022 2021 Modifications under government programs $ 2  $ 4  Modifications under proprietary programs 1,100  774  Loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy (1) 14  33  Trial modifications 90  54  Total modifications $ 1,206  $ 865  (1) Includes loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy with no change in repayment terms that are classified as TDRs. The table below presents the carrying value of consumer real estate loans that entered into payment default during 2022 and 2021 that were modified in a TDR during the 12 months preceding payment default. A payment default for consumer real estate TDRs is recognized when a borrower has missed three monthly payments (not necessarily consecutively) since modification. Consumer Real Estate – TDRs Entering Payment Default that were Modified During the Preceding 12 Months (Dollars in millions) 2022 2021 Modifications under government programs $ —  $ 4  Modifications under proprietary programs 189  128  Loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy (1) 2  9  Trial modifications (2) 25  19  Total modifications $ 216  $ 160  (1)Includes loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy with no change in repayment terms that are classified as TDRs. (2)Includes trial modification offers to which the customer did not respond. Credit Card and Other Consumer The table below provides information on the Corporation’s Credit Card and Other Consumer TDR portfolio including December 31, 2022 and 2021 unpaid principal balance, carrying value, and average pre- and post-modification interest rates of loans that were modified in TDRs during 2022 and 2021. Credit Card and Other Consumer – TDRs Entered into During 2022 and 2021   Unpaid Principal Balance Carrying Value (1) Pre-Modification Interest Rate Post-Modification Interest Rate (Dollars in millions) December 31, 2022 Credit card $ 284  $ 293  22.34  % 3.89  % Direct/Indirect consumer 6  5  5.51  5.50  Total $ 290  $ 298  22.06  3.92  December 31, 2021 Credit card $ 237  $ 248  18.45  % 4.09  % Direct/Indirect consumer 23  16  5.88  5.88  Total $ 260  $ 264  17.68  4.20  (1) Includes accrued interest and fees. The table below presents the December 31, 2022 and 2021 carrying value for Credit Card and Other Consumer loans that were modified in a TDR during 2022 and 2021 by program type. Credit Card and Other Consumer – TDRs by Program Type (1) (Dollars in millions) 2022 2021 Internal programs $ 251  $ 214  External programs 44  44  Other 3  6  Total $ 298  $ 264  (1) Includes accrued interest and fees. Credit card and other consumer loans are deemed to be in payment default during the quarter in which a borrower misses the second of two consecutive payments. Payment defaults are one of the factors considered when projecting future cash flows in the calculation of the allowance for loan and lease losses for credit card and other consumer. Commercial Loans During 2022, the carrying value of the Corporation’s commercial loans that were modified as TDRs was $1.9 billion compared to $1.3 billion in 2021. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Corporation had commitments to lend $358 million and $283 million to commercial borrowers whose loans were classified as TDRs. The balance of commercial TDRs in payment default was $105 million and $262 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021. Loans Held-for-sale The Corporation had LHFS of $6.0 billion and $6.9 billion at December 31, 2023 and 2022. Cash and non-cash proceeds from sales and paydowns of loans originally classified as LHFS were $16.3 billion, $32.0 billion and $43.6 billion for 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Cash used for originations and purchases of LHFS totaled $15.6 billion, $24.9 billion and $37.3 billion for 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Also included were non-cash net transfers into LHFS of $632 million during 2023, $1.9 billion during 2022, primarily driven by the transfer of a $1.6 billion affinity card loan portfolio to held for sale that was sold in October 2022, and $808 million during 2021. Accrued Interest Receivable Accrued interest receivable for loans and leases and loans held-for-sale at December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $4.5 billion and $3.8 billion and is reported in customer and other receivables on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Outstanding credit card loan balances include unpaid principal, interest and fees. Credit card loans are not classified as nonperforming but are charged off no later than the end of the month in which the account becomes 180 days past due, within 60 days after receipt of notification of death or bankruptcy, or upon confirmation of fraud. During 2023 and 2022, the Corporation reversed $584 million and $332 million of interest and fee income against the income statement line item in which it was originally recorded upon charge-off of the principal balance of the loan. For the outstanding residential mortgage, home equity, direct/indirect consumer and commercial loan balances classified as nonperforming during 2023 and 2022, interest and fee income reversed at the time the loans were classified as nonperforming was not significant. For more information on the Corporation's nonperforming loan policies, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles Allowance for Credit Losses The allowance for credit losses is estimated using quantitative and qualitative methods that consider a variety of factors, such as historical loss experience, the current credit quality of the portfolio and an economic outlook over the life of the loan. Qualitative reserves cover losses that are expected but, in the Corporation's assessment, may not be adequately reflected in the quantitative methods or the economic assumptions. The Corporation incorporates forward-looking information through the use of several macroeconomic scenarios in determining the weighted economic outlook over the forecasted life of the assets. These scenarios include key macroeconomic variables such as gross domestic product, unemployment rate, real estate prices and corporate bond spreads. The scenarios that are chosen each quarter and the weighting given to each scenario depend on a variety of factors including recent economic events, leading economic indicators, internal and third-party economist views, and industry trends. For more information on the Corporation's credit loss accounting policies including the allowance for credit losses, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles. The December 31, 2023 estimate for allowance for credit losses was based on various economic scenarios, including a baseline scenario derived from consensus estimates, an adverse scenario reflecting an extended moderate recession, a downside scenario reflecting persistent inflation and interest rates above the baseline scenario, a tail risk scenario similar to the severely adverse scenario used in stress testing and an upside scenario that considers the potential for improvement above the baseline scenario. The overall weighted economic outlook of the above scenarios has improved compared to the weighted economic outlook estimated as of December 31, 2022. The weighted economic outlook assumes that the U.S. average unemployment rate will be just below five percent by the fourth quarter of 2024 and will remain near this level through the fourth quarter of 2025. The weighted economic outlook assumes a mild recession in the first half of 2024 with U.S. real gross domestic product forecasted to grow at 0.3 percent and at 1.4 percent year-over-year in the fourth quarters of 2024 and 2025. The allowance for credit losses increased $329 million from December 31, 2022 to $14.6 billion at December 31, 2023, which included a $1.3 billion reserve increase related to the consumer portfolio and a $942 million reserve decrease related to the commercial portfolio. The increase in the allowance reflected a reserve build in the Corporation’s consumer portfolio primarily due to credit card loan growth and asset quality, partially offset by a reserve release in the Corporation’s commercial portfolio primarily driven by improved macroeconomic conditions applicable to the commercial portfolio. The allowance also includes the impact of the accounting change to remove the recognition and measurement guidance on TDRs, which reduced the allowance for credit losses by $243 million on January 1, 2023. The change in the allowance for credit losses was comprised of a net increase of $660 million in the allowance for loan and lease losses and a decrease of $331 million in the reserve for unfunded lending commitments. The provision for credit losses increased $1.9 billion to an expense of $4.4 billion in 2023 compared to an expense of $2.5 billion in 2022 and to a benefit of $4.6 billion in 2021. The increase in provision for credit losses in 2023 was driven by the Corporation’s consumer portfolio primarily due to credit card loan growth and asset quality, partially offset by improved macroeconomic conditions that primarily benefited the Corporation’s commercial portfolio. The increase in the provision for credit losses in 2022 was primarily driven by loan growth and a dampened macroeconomic outlook, partially offset by reduced COVID-19 pandemic uncertainties. Outstanding loans and leases excluding loans accounted for under the fair value option increased $10.2 billion in 2023 driven by consumer loans, which increased $3.7 billion driven by credit card, partially offset by declines in securities-based lending. Commercial loans increased $6.5 billion driven by broad-based growth. The changes in the allowance for credit losses, including net charge-offs and provision for loan and lease losses, are detailed in the following table. Consumer Real Estate Credit Card and  Other Consumer Commercial Total (Dollars in millions) 2023 Allowance for loan and lease losses, December 31 $ 420  $ 6,817  $ 5,445  $ 12,682  January 1, 2023 adoption of credit loss standard (67) (109) (67) (243) Allowance for loan and lease losses, January 1 $ 353  $ 6,708  $ 5,378  $ 12,439  Loans and leases charged off (103) (3,870) (844) (4,817) Recoveries of loans and leases previously charged off 146  737  135  1,018  Net charge-offs 43  (3,133) (709) (3,799) Provision for loan and lease losses (19) 4,558  186  4,725  Other 9  1  (33) (23) Allowance for loan and lease losses, December 31 386  8,134  4,822  13,342  Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, January 1 94  —  1,446  1,540  Provision for unfunded lending commitments (12) —  (319) (331) Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, December 31 82  —  1,127  1,209  Allowance for credit losses, December 31 $ 468  $ 8,134  $ 5,949  $ 14,551  2022 Allowance for loan and lease losses, January 1 $ 557  $ 6,476  $ 5,354  $ 12,387  Loans and leases charged off (206) (2,755) (478) (3,439) Recoveries of loans and leases previously charged off 224  882  161  1,267  Net charge-offs 18  (1,873) (317) (2,172) Provision for loan and lease losses (164) 2,215  409  2,460  Other 9  (1) (1) 7  Allowance for loan and lease losses, December 31 420  6,817  5,445  12,682  Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, January 1 96  —  1,360  1,456  Provision for unfunded lending commitments (3) —  86  83  Other 1  —  —  1  Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, December 31 94  —  1,446  1,540  Allowance for credit losses, December 31 $ 514  $ 6,817  $ 6,891  $ 14,222  2021 Allowance for loan and lease losses, January 1 $ 858  $ 9,213  $ 8,731  $ 18,802  Loans and leases charged off (78) (3,000) (719) (3,797) Recoveries of loans and leases previously charged off 225  1,006  323  1,554  Net charge-offs 147  (1,994) (396) (2,243) Provision for loan and lease losses (449) (744) (2,980) (4,173) Other 1  1  (1) 1  Allowance for loan and lease losses, December 31 557  6,476  5,354  12,387  Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, January 1 137  —  1,741  1,878  Provision for unfunded lending commitments (41) —  (380) (421) Other —  —  (1) (1) Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, December 31 96  —  1,360  1,456  Allowance for credit losses, December 31 $ 653  $ 6,476  $ 6,714  $ 13,843