Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

Securities

v3.5.0.2
Securities
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2016
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Securities
NOTE 3 – Securities

The table below presents the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of AFS debt securities, other debt securities carried at fair value, HTM debt securities and AFS marketable equity securities at June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015.

Debt Securities and Available-for-Sale Marketable Equity Securities
 
June 30, 2016
(Dollars in millions)
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
Available-for-sale debt securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency
$
203,680

 
$
5,021

 
$
(13
)
 
$
208,688

Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations
9,451

 
314

 
(5
)
 
9,760

Commercial
11,083

 
319

 
(5
)
 
11,397

Non-agency residential (1)
1,963

 
208

 
(68
)
 
2,103

Total mortgage-backed securities
226,177

 
5,862

 
(91
)
 
231,948

U.S. Treasury and agency securities
25,792

 
351

 

 
26,143

Non-U.S. securities
6,044

 
21

 
(7
)
 
6,058

Other taxable securities, substantially all asset-backed securities
9,800

 
23

 
(49
)
 
9,774

Total taxable securities
267,813

 
6,257

 
(147
)
 
273,923

Tax-exempt securities
15,281

 
112

 
(31
)
 
15,362

Total available-for-sale debt securities
283,094

 
6,369

 
(178
)
 
289,285

Other debt securities carried at fair value
20,527

 
93

 
(235
)
 
20,385

Total debt securities carried at fair value (2)
303,621

 
6,462

 
(413
)
 
309,670

Held-to-maturity debt securities, substantially all U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities
102,279

 
2,097

 
(1
)
 
104,375

Total debt securities
$
405,900

 
$
8,559

 
$
(414
)
 
$
414,045

Available-for-sale marketable equity securities (3)
$
325

 
$
46

 
$
(34
)
 
$
337

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2015
Available-for-sale debt securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency
$
229,847

 
$
788

 
$
(1,688
)
 
$
228,947

Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations
10,930

 
126

 
(71
)
 
10,985

Commercial
7,176

 
50

 
(61
)
 
7,165

Non-agency residential (1)
3,031

 
218

 
(70
)
 
3,179

Total mortgage-backed securities
250,984

 
1,182

 
(1,890
)
 
250,276

U.S. Treasury and agency securities
25,075

 
211

 
(9
)
 
25,277

Non-U.S. securities
5,743

 
27

 
(3
)
 
5,767

Other taxable securities, substantially all asset-backed securities
10,481

 
53

 
(89
)
 
10,445

Total taxable securities
292,283

 
1,473

 
(1,991
)
 
291,765

Tax-exempt securities
13,978

 
63

 
(33
)
 
14,008

Total available-for-sale debt securities
306,261

 
1,536

 
(2,024
)
 
305,773

Other debt securities carried at fair value
16,678

 
103

 
(174
)
 
16,607

Total debt securities carried at fair value (2)
322,939

 
1,639

 
(2,198
)
 
322,380

Held-to-maturity debt securities, substantially all U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities
84,625

 
271

 
(850
)
 
84,046

Total debt securities
$
407,564

 
$
1,910

 
$
(3,048
)
 
$
406,426

Available-for-sale marketable equity securities (3)
$
326

 
$
99

 
$

 
$
425

(1) 
At June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the underlying collateral type included approximately 56 percent and 71 percent prime, 24 percent and 15 percent Alt-A, and 20 percent and 14 percent subprime.
(2) 
The Corporation had debt securities from Fannie Mae (FNMA) and Freddie Mac (FHLMC) that each exceeded 10 percent of shareholders' equity, with an amortized cost of $146.7 billion and $52.0 billion, and a fair value of $150.4 billion and $53.3 billion at June 30, 2016. Debt securities from FNMA and FHLMC that exceeded 10 percent of shareholders' equity had an amortized cost of $146.2 billion and $53.4 billion, and a fair value of $145.5 billion and $53.2 billion at December 31, 2015.
(3) 
Classified in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
At June 30, 2016, the accumulated net unrealized gain on AFS debt securities included in accumulated OCI was $3.8 billion, net of the related income tax expense of $2.4 billion. At June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Corporation had nonperforming AFS debt securities of $129 million and $188 million.

The table below presents the components of other debt securities carried at fair value where the changes in fair value are reported in other income. In the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, the Corporation recorded unrealized mark-to-market net gains of $23 million and net losses of $72 million, and realized net losses of $34 million and $37 million, compared to unrealized mark-to-market net losses of $359 million and $170 million, and realized net losses of $17 million and $13 million, for the same periods in 2015. These amounts exclude hedge results.

Other Debt Securities Carried at Fair Value
 
 
 
(Dollars in millions)
June 30
2016
 
December 31
2015
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations
$
7

 
$
7

Non-agency residential
3,244

 
3,490

Total mortgage-backed securities
3,251

 
3,497

Non-U.S. securities (1)
16,885

 
12,843

Other taxable securities, substantially all asset-backed securities
249

 
267

Total
$
20,385

 
$
16,607

(1) 
These securities are primarily used to satisfy certain international regulatory liquidity requirements.

The gross realized gains and losses on sales of AFS debt securities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 are presented in the table below.

Gains and Losses on Sales of AFS Debt Securities
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30
 
Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions)
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Gross gains
$
271

 
$
170

 
$
508

 
$
445

Gross losses
(4
)
 
(2
)
 
(15
)
 
(9
)
Net gains on sales of AFS debt securities
$
267

 
$
168

 
$
493

 
$
436

Income tax expense attributable to realized net gains on sales of AFS debt securities
$
101

 
$
64

 
$
187

 
$
166


The table below presents the fair value and the associated gross unrealized losses on AFS debt securities and whether these securities have had gross unrealized losses for less than 12 months or for 12 months or longer at June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015.

Temporarily Impaired and Other-than-temporarily Impaired AFS Debt Securities
 
 
June 30, 2016
 
Less than Twelve Months
 
Twelve Months or Longer
 
Total
(Dollars in millions)
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Temporarily impaired AFS debt securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency
$
43

 
$
(1
)
 
$
1,277

 
$
(12
)
 
$
1,320

 
$
(13
)
Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations

 

 
526

 
(5
)
 
526

 
(5
)
Commercial
297

 
(5
)
 

 

 
297

 
(5
)
Non-agency residential
104

 
(4
)
 
545

 
(23
)
 
649

 
(27
)
Total mortgage-backed securities
444

 
(10
)
 
2,348

 
(40
)
 
2,792

 
(50
)
Non-U.S. securities
1,015

 
(5
)
 
135

 
(2
)
 
1,150

 
(7
)
Other taxable securities, substantially all asset-backed securities
2,142

 
(14
)
 
3,348

 
(35
)
 
5,490

 
(49
)
Total taxable securities
3,601

 
(29
)
 
5,831

 
(77
)
 
9,432

 
(106
)
Tax-exempt securities
2,039

 
(7
)
 
1,902

 
(24
)
 
3,941

 
(31
)
Total temporarily impaired AFS debt securities
5,640

 
(36
)
 
7,733

 
(101
)
 
13,373

 
(137
)
Other-than-temporarily impaired AFS debt securities (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities
227

 
(12
)
 
382

 
(29
)
 
609

 
(41
)
Total temporarily impaired and other-than-temporarily impaired AFS debt securities
$
5,867

 
$
(48
)
 
$
8,115

 
$
(130
)
 
$
13,982

 
$
(178
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2015
Temporarily impaired AFS debt securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency
$
131,511

 
$
(1,245
)
 
$
14,895

 
$
(443
)
 
$
146,406

 
$
(1,688
)
Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations
1,271

 
(9
)
 
1,637

 
(62
)
 
2,908

 
(71
)
Commercial
4,066

 
(61
)
 

 

 
4,066

 
(61
)
Non-agency residential
553

 
(5
)
 
723

 
(32
)
 
1,276

 
(37
)
Total mortgage-backed securities
137,401

 
(1,320
)
 
17,255

 
(537
)
 
154,656

 
(1,857
)
U.S. Treasury and agency securities
1,172

 
(5
)
 
190

 
(4
)
 
1,362

 
(9
)
Non-U.S. securities

 

 
134

 
(3
)
 
134

 
(3
)
Other taxable securities, substantially all asset-backed securities
5,178

 
(72
)
 
792

 
(17
)
 
5,970

 
(89
)
Total taxable securities
143,751

 
(1,397
)
 
18,371

 
(561
)
 
162,122

 
(1,958
)
Tax-exempt securities
4,400

 
(12
)
 
1,877

 
(21
)
 
6,277

 
(33
)
Total temporarily impaired AFS debt securities
148,151

 
(1,409
)
 
20,248

 
(582
)
 
168,399

 
(1,991
)
Other-than-temporarily impaired AFS debt securities (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities
481

 
(19
)
 
98

 
(14
)
 
579

 
(33
)
Total temporarily impaired and other-than-temporarily impaired AFS debt securities
$
148,632

 
$
(1,428
)
 
$
20,346

 
$
(596
)
 
$
168,978

 
$
(2,024
)
(1)
Includes other-than-temporarily impaired AFS debt securities on which an OTTI loss, primarily related to changes in interest rates, remains in accumulated OCI.

The Corporation recorded other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI) losses on AFS debt securities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 as presented in the Net Credit-related Impairment Losses Recognized in Earnings table. Substantially all OTTI losses in the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 consisted of credit losses on non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS) and were recorded in other income in the Consolidated Statement of Income. A debt security is impaired when its fair value is less than its amortized cost. If the Corporation intends or will more-likely-than-not be required to sell a debt security prior to recovery, the entire impairment loss is recorded in the Consolidated Statement of Income. For AFS debt securities the Corporation does not intend or will not more-likely-than-not be required to sell, an analysis is performed to determine if any of the impairment is due to credit or whether it is due to other factors (e.g., interest rate). Credit losses are considered unrecoverable and, accordingly, are recorded in the Consolidated Statement of Income with the remaining unrealized losses recorded in OCI. In certain instances, the credit loss on a debt security may exceed the total impairment, in which case, the excess of the credit loss over the total impairment is recorded as an unrealized gain in OCI.

Net Credit-related Impairment Losses Recognized in Earnings
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30
 
Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions)
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Total OTTI losses
$
(15
)
 
$
(11
)
 
$
(31
)
 
$
(82
)
Less: non-credit portion of total OTTI losses recognized in OCI
10

 
6

 
19

 
7

Net credit-related impairment losses recognized in earnings
$
(5
)
 
$
(5
)
 
$
(12
)
 
$
(75
)


The table below presents a rollforward of the credit losses recognized in earnings for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 on AFS debt securities that the Corporation does not have the intent to sell or will not more-likely-than-not be required to sell.

Rollforward of OTTI Credit Losses Recognized
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30
 
Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions)
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Balance, beginning of period
$
269

 
$
256

 
$
266

 
$
200

Additions for credit losses recognized on AFS debt securities that had no previous impairment losses
1

 
2

 
2

 
49

Additions for credit losses recognized on AFS debt securities that had previously incurred impairment losses
4

 
3

 
10

 
26

Reductions for AFS debt securities matured, sold or intended to be sold
(28
)
 

 
(32
)
 
(14
)
Balance, June 30
$
246

 
$
261

 
$
246

 
$
261



The Corporation estimates the portion of a loss on a security that is attributable to credit using a discounted cash flow model and estimates the expected cash flows of the underlying collateral using internal credit, interest rate and prepayment risk models that incorporate management's best estimate of current key assumptions such as default rates, loss severity and prepayment rates. Assumptions used for the underlying loans that support the MBS can vary widely from loan to loan and are influenced by such factors as loan interest rate, geographic location of the borrower, borrower characteristics and collateral type. Based on these assumptions, the Corporation then determines how the underlying collateral cash flows will be distributed to each MBS issued from the applicable special purpose entity. Expected principal and interest cash flows on an impaired AFS debt security are discounted using the effective yield of each individual impaired AFS debt security.

Significant assumptions used in estimating the expected cash flows for measuring credit losses on non-agency RMBS were as follows at June 30, 2016.

Significant Assumptions
 
 
 
Range (1)
 
Weighted-
average
 
10th
Percentile (2)
 
90th
Percentile (2)
Annual prepayment speed
12.7
%
 
1.9
%
 
27.3
%
Loss severity
31.3

 
15.5

 
29.1

Life default rate
20.5

 
0.6

 
78.3

(1) 
Represents the range of inputs/assumptions based upon the underlying collateral.
(2) 
The value of a variable below which the indicated percentile of observations will fall.

Annual constant prepayment speed and loss severity rates are projected considering collateral characteristics such as loan-to-value (LTV), creditworthiness of borrowers as measured using Fair Isaac Corporation (FICO) scores, and geographic concentrations. The weighted-average severity by collateral type was 26.0 percent for prime, 27.6 percent for Alt-A and 38.9 percent for subprime at June 30, 2016. Additionally, default rates are projected by considering collateral characteristics including, but not limited to, LTV, FICO score and geographic concentration. Weighted-average life default rates by collateral type were 15.3 percent for prime, 23.3 percent for Alt-A and 23.2 percent for subprime at June 30, 2016.

The expected maturity distribution and yields of the Corporation's debt securities carried at fair value and HTM debt securities at June 30, 2016 are summarized in the table below. Actual maturities may differ from the contractual or expected maturities since borrowers may have the right to prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties.

Maturities of Debt Securities Carried at Fair Value and Held-to-maturity Debt Securities
 
June 30, 2016
 
Due in One
Year or Less
 
Due after One Year
through Five Years
 
Due after Five
Years through Ten Years
 
Due after
Ten Years
 
Total
(Dollars in millions)
Amount
Yield (1)
 
Amount
Yield (1)
 
Amount
Yield (1)
 
Amount
Yield (1)
 
Amount
Yield (1)
Amortized cost of debt securities carried at fair value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency
$
45

4.41
%
 
$
180,446

2.24
%
 
$
23,189

2.67
%
 
$


 
$
203,680

2.29
%
Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations
97

1.24

 
8,475

2.47

 
884

2.72

 


 
9,456

2.48

Commercial
87

6.02

 
1,138

2.04

 
9,858

2.36

 


 
11,083

2.36

Non-agency residential
178

5.66

 
741

5.63

 
840

5.64

 
3,588

8.48
%
 
5,347

7.55

Total mortgage-backed securities
407

4.54

 
190,800

2.26

 
34,771

2.66

 
3,588

8.48

 
229,566

2.42

U.S. Treasury and agency securities
501

0.36

 
24,396

1.26

 
895

3.39

 


 
25,792

1.32

Non-U.S. securities
20,813

0.95

 
2,041

2.14

 
66

2.06

 


 
22,920

1.06

Other taxable securities, substantially all asset-backed securities
2,225

1.39

 
4,930

1.63

 
2,203

2.87

 
704

4.18

 
10,062

2.03

Total taxable securities
23,946

1.04

 
222,167

2.14

 
37,935

2.68

 
4,292

7.78

 
288,340

2.20

Tax-exempt securities
1,540

0.76

 
5,840

1.01

 
5,993

1.50

 
1,908

1.15

 
15,281

1.20

Total amortized cost of debt securities carried at fair value
$
25,486

1.02

 
$
228,007

2.11

 
$
43,928

2.52

 
$
6,200

5.74

 
$
303,621

2.15

Amortized cost of HTM debt securities (2)
$


 
$
82,803

2.06

 
$
19,380

2.67

 
$
96

3.49

 
$
102,279

2.18

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt securities carried at fair value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency
$
46

 
 
$
184,891

 
 
$
23,751

 
 
$

 
 
$
208,688

 
Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations
98

 
 
8,743

 
 
926

 
 

 
 
9,767

 
Commercial
87

 
 
1,169

 
 
10,141

 
 

 
 
11,397

 
Non-agency residential
222

 
 
720

 
 
922

 
 
3,483

 
 
5,347

 
Total mortgage-backed securities
453

 
 
195,523

 
 
35,740

 
 
3,483

 
 
235,199

 
U.S. Treasury and agency securities
502

 
 
24,699

 
 
942

 
 

 
 
26,143

 
Non-U.S. securities
20,824

 
 
2,053

 
 
66

 
 

 
 
22,943

 
Other taxable securities, substantially all asset-backed securities
2,226

 
 
4,856

 
 
2,254

 
 
687

 
 
10,023

 
Total taxable securities
24,005

 
 
227,131

 
 
39,002

 
 
4,170

 
 
294,308

 
Tax-exempt securities
1,540

 
 
5,849

 
 
6,080

 
 
1,893

 
 
15,362

 
Total debt securities carried at fair value
$
25,545

 
 
$
232,980

 
 
$
45,082

 
 
$
6,063

 
 
$
309,670

 
Fair value of HTM debt securities (2)
$

 
 
$
84,451

 
 
$
19,829

 
 
$
95

 
 
$
104,375

 
(1) 
Average yield is computed using the effective yield of each security at the end of the period, weighted based on the amortized cost of each security. The effective yield considers the contractual coupon, amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts, and excludes the effect of related hedging derivatives.
(2) 
Substantially all U.S. agency MBS.

Certain Corporate and Strategic Investments


The Corporation's 49 percent investment in a merchant services joint venture, which is recorded in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and in All Other, had a carrying value of $3.0 billion at both June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015. For additional information, see Note 10 – Commitments and Contingencies.

The Corporation holds investments in affordable housing partnerships that construct, own and operate real estate projects that qualify for low income housing tax credits. For additional information, see Note 6 – Securitizations and Other Variable Interest Entities.