Annual report [Section 13 and 15(d), not S-K Item 405]

Employee Benefit Plans (Tables)

v3.25.0.1
Employee Benefit Plans (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Schedule of Defined Benefit Plans Disclosures
The Pension and Postretirement Plans table summarizes the changes in the fair value of plan assets, changes in the projected benefit obligation (PBO), the funded status of both the accumulated benefit obligation (ABO) and the PBO, and the weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations for the pension plans and postretirement plans at December 31, 2024 and 2023. The estimate of the Corporation’s PBO associated with these plans considers various actuarial assumptions, including assumptions for mortality rates and discount rates. The discount rate assumptions are derived from a cash flow matching technique that utilizes rates that are based on Aa-rated corporate bonds with cash flows that match estimated benefit payments of each of the plans. The increases in the weighted-average discount rates in 2024 resulted in a decrease to the PBO of $767 million at December 31, 2024. The decreases in the weighted-average discount rates in 2023 resulted in an increase to the PBO of approximately $511 million at December 31, 2023. Significant gains and losses related to changes in the PBO for 2024 and 2023 primarily resulted from changes in the discount rate.
Pension and Postretirement Plans (1)
Qualified
Pension Plan
Non-U.S.
Pension Plans
Nonqualified and Other
Pension Plans
Postretirement
Health and Life Plans
(Dollars in millions) 2024 2023 2024 2023 2024 2023 2024 2023
Fair value, January 1 $ 17,632  $ 17,258  $ 1,779  $ 1,728  $ 1,849  $ 1,886  $ 98  $ 107 
Actual return on plan assets 984  1,436  (103) 17  33  103  4 
Company contributions   —  24  28  80  80  16  43 
Plan participant contributions   —  1    —  106  102 
Settlements and curtailments   —  (1) (12)   —    — 
Benefits paid (992) (1,062) (77) (80) (223) (220) (136) (159)
Foreign currency exchange rate changes  n/a n/a (43) 97   n/a n/a  n/a n/a
Fair value, December 31 $ 17,624  $ 17,632  $ 1,580  $ 1,779  $ 1,739  $ 1,849  $ 88  $ 98 
Change in projected benefit obligation                
Projected benefit obligation, January 1 $ 11,769  $ 11,580  $ 1,974  $ 1,752  $ 2,092  $ 2,109  $ 672  $ 700 
Service cost   —  31  27    —  2 
Interest cost 587  616  86  80  103  111  33  36 
Plan participant contributions   —  1    —  106  102 
Plan amendments   —  (9)   —    — 
Settlements and curtailments   —  (1) (12)   —    — 
Actuarial loss (gain) (259) 635  (185) 121  (6) 92  (37) (9)
Benefits paid (992) (1,062) (77) (80) (223) (220) (136) (160)
Foreign currency exchange rate changes  n/a n/a (51) 81   n/a n/a  
Projected benefit obligation, December 31 $ 11,105  $ 11,769  $ 1,769  $ 1,974  $ 1,966  $ 2,092  $ 640  $ 672 
Amounts recognized on Consolidated Balance Sheet
Other assets $ 6,519  $ 5,863  $ 234  $ 235  $ 431  $ 452  $   $ — 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities   —  (423) (430) (658) (695) (552) (574)
Net amount recognized, December 31 $ 6,519  $ 5,863  $ (189) $ (195) $ (227) $ (243) $ (552) $ (574)
Funded status, December 31                
Accumulated benefit obligation $ 11,105  $ 11,769  $ 1,696  $ 1,903  $ 1,966  $ 2,091   n/a n/a
Overfunded (unfunded) status of ABO 6,519  5,863  (116) (124) (227) (242)  n/a n/a
Provision for future salaries   —  73  71     n/a n/a
Projected benefit obligation 11,105  11,769  1,769  1,974  1,966  2,092  $ 640  $ 672 
Weighted-average assumptions, December 31                
Discount rate 5.67  % 5.13  % 5.15  % 4.48  % 5.61  % 5.19  % 5.78  % 5.17  %
Rate of compensation increase n/a n/a 4.35  4.33  4.00  4.00  n/a n/a
Interest-crediting rate 5.42  % 5.43  % 2.08  1.98  4.73  4.91   n/a n/a
(1)The measurement date for all of the above plans was December 31 of each year reported.
n/a = not applicable
Schedule of Amounts Recognized in Balance Sheet
The Pension and Postretirement Plans table summarizes the changes in the fair value of plan assets, changes in the projected benefit obligation (PBO), the funded status of both the accumulated benefit obligation (ABO) and the PBO, and the weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations for the pension plans and postretirement plans at December 31, 2024 and 2023. The estimate of the Corporation’s PBO associated with these plans considers various actuarial assumptions, including assumptions for mortality rates and discount rates. The discount rate assumptions are derived from a cash flow matching technique that utilizes rates that are based on Aa-rated corporate bonds with cash flows that match estimated benefit payments of each of the plans. The increases in the weighted-average discount rates in 2024 resulted in a decrease to the PBO of $767 million at December 31, 2024. The decreases in the weighted-average discount rates in 2023 resulted in an increase to the PBO of approximately $511 million at December 31, 2023. Significant gains and losses related to changes in the PBO for 2024 and 2023 primarily resulted from changes in the discount rate.
Pension and Postretirement Plans (1)
Qualified
Pension Plan
Non-U.S.
Pension Plans
Nonqualified and Other
Pension Plans
Postretirement
Health and Life Plans
(Dollars in millions) 2024 2023 2024 2023 2024 2023 2024 2023
Fair value, January 1 $ 17,632  $ 17,258  $ 1,779  $ 1,728  $ 1,849  $ 1,886  $ 98  $ 107 
Actual return on plan assets 984  1,436  (103) 17  33  103  4 
Company contributions   —  24  28  80  80  16  43 
Plan participant contributions   —  1    —  106  102 
Settlements and curtailments   —  (1) (12)   —    — 
Benefits paid (992) (1,062) (77) (80) (223) (220) (136) (159)
Foreign currency exchange rate changes  n/a n/a (43) 97   n/a n/a  n/a n/a
Fair value, December 31 $ 17,624  $ 17,632  $ 1,580  $ 1,779  $ 1,739  $ 1,849  $ 88  $ 98 
Change in projected benefit obligation                
Projected benefit obligation, January 1 $ 11,769  $ 11,580  $ 1,974  $ 1,752  $ 2,092  $ 2,109  $ 672  $ 700 
Service cost   —  31  27    —  2 
Interest cost 587  616  86  80  103  111  33  36 
Plan participant contributions   —  1    —  106  102 
Plan amendments   —  (9)   —    — 
Settlements and curtailments   —  (1) (12)   —    — 
Actuarial loss (gain) (259) 635  (185) 121  (6) 92  (37) (9)
Benefits paid (992) (1,062) (77) (80) (223) (220) (136) (160)
Foreign currency exchange rate changes  n/a n/a (51) 81   n/a n/a  
Projected benefit obligation, December 31 $ 11,105  $ 11,769  $ 1,769  $ 1,974  $ 1,966  $ 2,092  $ 640  $ 672 
Amounts recognized on Consolidated Balance Sheet
Other assets $ 6,519  $ 5,863  $ 234  $ 235  $ 431  $ 452  $   $ — 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities   —  (423) (430) (658) (695) (552) (574)
Net amount recognized, December 31 $ 6,519  $ 5,863  $ (189) $ (195) $ (227) $ (243) $ (552) $ (574)
Funded status, December 31                
Accumulated benefit obligation $ 11,105  $ 11,769  $ 1,696  $ 1,903  $ 1,966  $ 2,091   n/a n/a
Overfunded (unfunded) status of ABO 6,519  5,863  (116) (124) (227) (242)  n/a n/a
Provision for future salaries   —  73  71     n/a n/a
Projected benefit obligation 11,105  11,769  1,769  1,974  1,966  2,092  $ 640  $ 672 
Weighted-average assumptions, December 31                
Discount rate 5.67  % 5.13  % 5.15  % 4.48  % 5.61  % 5.19  % 5.78  % 5.17  %
Rate of compensation increase n/a n/a 4.35  4.33  4.00  4.00  n/a n/a
Interest-crediting rate 5.42  % 5.43  % 2.08  1.98  4.73  4.91   n/a n/a
(1)The measurement date for all of the above plans was December 31 of each year reported.
n/a = not applicable
Schedule of Accumulated Benefit Obligations in Excess of Fair Value of Plan Assets
Pension Plans with ABO and PBO in excess of plan assets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 are presented in the table below. For these plans, funding strategies vary due to legal requirements and local practices.
Plans with ABO and PBO in Excess of Plan Assets
Non-U.S.
Pension Plans
Nonqualified
and Other
Pension Plans
(Dollars in millions) 2024 2023 2024 2023
PBO $ 496  $ 499  $ 659  $ 695 
ABO 433  445  659  695 
Fair value of plan assets 75  75   
Schedule of Benefit Obligations in Excess of Fair Value of Plan Assets
Pension Plans with ABO and PBO in excess of plan assets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 are presented in the table below. For these plans, funding strategies vary due to legal requirements and local practices.
Plans with ABO and PBO in Excess of Plan Assets
Non-U.S.
Pension Plans
Nonqualified
and Other
Pension Plans
(Dollars in millions) 2024 2023 2024 2023
PBO $ 496  $ 499  $ 659  $ 695 
ABO 433  445  659  695 
Fair value of plan assets 75  75   
Schedule of Net Benefit Costs
Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost
  Qualified Pension Plan Non-U.S. Pension Plans
(Dollars in millions) 2024 2023 2022 2024 2023 2022
Components of net periodic benefit cost (income)
Service cost $   $ —  $ —  $ 31  $ 27  $ 29 
Interest cost 587  616  438  86  80  53 
Expected return on plan assets (1,206) (1,191) (1,204) (89) (72) (59)
Amortization of actuarial loss (gain) and prior service cost 134  94  140  16  11  14 
Recognized loss (gain) due to settlements, curtailments, and other   —  —  (1) 10 
Net periodic benefit cost (income) $ (485) $ (481) $ (626) $ 43  $ 47  $ 47 
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net cost for years ended December 31
           
Discount rate 5.13  % 5.54  % 2.86  % 4.48  % 4.59  % 1.85  %
Expected return on plan assets 6.50  6.50  5.75  5.18  4.17  2.17 
Rate of compensation increase  n/a n/a n/a 4.33  4.25  4.46 
Nonqualified and
Other Pension Plans
Postretirement Health
and Life Plans
(Dollars in millions) 2024 2023 2022 2024 2023 2022
Components of net periodic benefit cost (income)
Service cost $   $ —  $ —  $ 2  $ $
Interest cost 103  111  74  33  36  25 
Expected return on plan assets (90) (97) (59) (3) (2) (2)
Amortization of actuarial loss (gain) and prior service cost 33  29  54  (35) (78) (9)
Recognized loss (gain) due to settlements, curtailments, and other   —    —  — 
Net periodic benefit cost (income) $ 46  $ 43  $ 70  $ (3) $ (42) $ 18 
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net cost for years ended December 31
           
Discount rate 5.19  % 5.58  % 2.80  % 5.17  % 5.56  % 2.85  %
Expected return on plan assets 4.73  4.98  2.38  3.40  2.00  2.00 
Rate of compensation increase 4.00  4.00  4.00  n/a n/a n/a
n/a = not applicable
Schedule of Pretax Amounts Included in Accumulated OCI
The Corporation’s net periodic benefit cost (income) recognized for the plans is sensitive to the discount rate and expected return on plan assets. For the Qualified Pension Plan, Non-U.S. Pension Plans, Nonqualified and Other Pension Plans, and Postretirement Health and Life Plans, a 25 bps decline in discount rates and expected return on assets would not have had a significant impact on the net periodic benefit cost for 2024.
Pretax Amounts included in Accumulated OCI and OCI
  Qualified
Pension Plan
Non-U.S.
Pension Plans
Nonqualified
and Other
Pension Plans
Postretirement
Health and
Life Plans
Total
(Dollars in millions) 2024 2023 2024 2023 2024 2023 2024 2023 2024 2023
Net actuarial loss (gain) $ 4,901  $ 5,072  $ 468  $ 478  $ 870  $ 852  $ (128) $ (125) $ 6,111  $ 6,277 
Prior service cost (credits)   —  36  46    —    —  36  46 
Amounts recognized in accumulated OCI $ 4,901  $ 5,072  $ 504  $ 524  $ 870  $ 852  $ (128) $ (125) $ 6,147  $ 6,323 
Current year actuarial loss (gain) $ (37) $ 391  $ 5  $ 177  $ 51  $ 85  $ (38) $ (15) $ (19) $ 638 
Amortization of actuarial gain (loss) and
prior service cost
(134) (94) (16) (12) (33) (29) 35  78  (148) (57)
Current year prior service cost (credit)   —  (9)   —    —  (9)
Amounts recognized in OCI $ (171) $ 297  $ (20) $ 169  $ 18  $ 56  $ (3) $ 63  $ (176) $ 585 
Schedule of Pretax Amounts Recognized in OCI
The Corporation’s net periodic benefit cost (income) recognized for the plans is sensitive to the discount rate and expected return on plan assets. For the Qualified Pension Plan, Non-U.S. Pension Plans, Nonqualified and Other Pension Plans, and Postretirement Health and Life Plans, a 25 bps decline in discount rates and expected return on assets would not have had a significant impact on the net periodic benefit cost for 2024.
Pretax Amounts included in Accumulated OCI and OCI
  Qualified
Pension Plan
Non-U.S.
Pension Plans
Nonqualified
and Other
Pension Plans
Postretirement
Health and
Life Plans
Total
(Dollars in millions) 2024 2023 2024 2023 2024 2023 2024 2023 2024 2023
Net actuarial loss (gain) $ 4,901  $ 5,072  $ 468  $ 478  $ 870  $ 852  $ (128) $ (125) $ 6,111  $ 6,277 
Prior service cost (credits)   —  36  46    —    —  36  46 
Amounts recognized in accumulated OCI $ 4,901  $ 5,072  $ 504  $ 524  $ 870  $ 852  $ (128) $ (125) $ 6,147  $ 6,323 
Current year actuarial loss (gain) $ (37) $ 391  $ 5  $ 177  $ 51  $ 85  $ (38) $ (15) $ (19) $ 638 
Amortization of actuarial gain (loss) and
prior service cost
(134) (94) (16) (12) (33) (29) 35  78  (148) (57)
Current year prior service cost (credit)   —  (9)   —    —  (9)
Amounts recognized in OCI $ (171) $ 297  $ (20) $ 169  $ 18  $ 56  $ (3) $ 63  $ (176) $ 585 
Schedule of Allocation of Plan Assets
The target allocations for 2025 by asset category for the Qualified Pension Plan, Non-U.S. Pension Plans, and Nonqualified and Other Pension Plans are presented in the table below. Equity securities for the Qualified Pension Plan include common stock of the Corporation in the amounts of $386 million (2.19 percent of total plan assets) and $299 million (1.69 percent of total plan assets) at December 31, 2024, and 2023.
2025 Target Allocation
Percentage
Asset Category Qualified
Pension Plan
Non-U.S.
Pension Plans
Nonqualified
and Other
Pension Plans
Equity securities
10 - 40%
0 - 10%
0 - 5%
Debt securities
50 - 85%
50 - 80%
95 - 100%
Real estate
0 - 10%
0 - 10%
0 - 5%
Other
0 - 10%
20 - 45%
0 - 5%
Schedule of Changes in Fair Value of Plan Assets Combined plan investment assets measured at fair value by level and in total at December 31, 2024 and 2023 are summarized in the Fair Value Measurements table.
Fair Value Measurements
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
(Dollars in millions) December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Money market and interest-bearing cash $ 1,103  $   $   $ 1,103  $ 1,013  $ —  $ —  $ 1,013 
U.S. government and government agency obligations 3,875  754  3  4,632  3,692  729  4,425 
Corporate debt   2,931    2,931  —  3,343  —  3,343 
Non-U.S. debt securities 474  889    1,363  567  987  —  1,554 
Asset-backed securities   1,361    1,361  —  1,464  —  1,464 
Mutual and exchange-traded funds 920      920  953  —  —  953 
Collective investment funds   2,670    2,670  —  2,350  —  2,350 
Common and preferred stocks 3,795      3,795  4,027  —  —  4,027 
Real estate investment trusts 36      36  45  —  —  45 
Participant loans     6  6  —  — 
Other investments (1)
1  11  451  463  47  427  475 
Total plan investment assets, at fair value (2)
$ 10,204  $ 8,616  $ 460  $ 19,280  $ 10,298  $ 8,920  $ 437  $ 19,655 
(1)Other investments includes insurance annuity contracts of $432 million and $404 million and other various investments of $31 million and $71 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023.
(2)At December 31, 2024 and 2023, excludes $1.8 billion and $1.7 billion of certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient and are not required to be classified in the fair value hierarchy.
Schedule of Expected Benefit Payments
Benefit payments projected to be made from the Qualified Pension Plan, Non-U.S. Pension Plans, Nonqualified and Other Pension Plans, and Postretirement Health and Life Plans are presented in the table below.
Projected Benefit Payments
(Dollars in millions)
Qualified
Pension Plan (1)
Non-U.S.
Pension Plans (2)
Nonqualified
and Other
Pension Plans (2)
Postretirement Health and Life Plans (3)
2025 $ 909  $ 106  $ 233  $ 65 
2026 936  111  225  63 
2027 923  114  218  61 
2028 913  120  205  58 
2029 906  121  194  56 
2030-2034 4,225  632  816  246 
(1)Benefit payments expected to be made from the plan’s assets.
(2)Benefit payments expected to be made from a combination of the plans’ and the Corporation’s assets.
(3)Benefit payments (net of retiree contributions) expected to be made from a combination of the plans’ and the Corporation’s assets.