Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

Outstanding Loans and Leases

v3.19.1
Outstanding Loans and Leases
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2019
Receivables [Abstract]  
Outstanding Loans and Leases Outstanding Loans and Leases
The following tables present total outstanding loans and leases and an aging analysis for the Consumer Real Estate, Credit Card and Other Consumer, and Commercial portfolio segments, by class of financing receivables, at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
30-59 Days Past Due (1)
 
60-89 Days Past Due (1)
 
90 Days or
More
Past Due (2)
 
Total Past
Due 30 Days
or More
 
Total Current or Less Than 30 Days Past Due (3)
 
Loans Accounted for Under the Fair Value Option
 
Total
Outstandings
(Dollars in millions)
March 31, 2019
Consumer real estate
 

 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Core portfolio
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage
$
1,068

 
$
225

 
$
734

 
$
2,027

 
$
196,497

 
 
 
$
198,524

Home equity
163

 
81

 
348

 
592

 
38,114

 
 
 
38,706

Non-core portfolio
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage
622

 
242

 
1,864

 
2,728

 
10,771

 
 
 
13,499

Home equity
126

 
58

 
270

 
454

 
7,081

 
 
 
7,535

Credit card and other consumer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. credit card
546

 
381

 
1,005

 
1,932

 
91,077

 
 
 
93,009

Direct/Indirect consumer (4)
267

 
76

 
33

 
376

 
89,172

 
 
 
89,548

Other consumer (5)

 

 

 

 
152

 
 
 
152

Total consumer
2,792

 
1,063

 
4,254

 
8,109

 
432,864

 
 
 
440,973

Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option (6)
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
$
668

 
668

Total consumer loans and leases
2,792

 
1,063

 
4,254

 
8,109

 
432,864

 
668

 
441,641

Commercial
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. commercial
515

 
180

 
356

 
1,051

 
299,348

 
 
 
300,399

Non-U.S. commercial
11

 
2

 

 
13

 
101,016

 
 
 
101,029

Commercial real estate (7)
15

 

 
10

 
25

 
61,190

 
 
 
61,215

Commercial lease financing
256

 
34

 
21

 
311

 
20,885

 
 
 
21,196

U.S. small business commercial
88

 
49

 
99

 
236

 
14,380

 
 
 
14,616

Total commercial
885

 
265

 
486

 
1,636

 
496,819

 
 
 
498,455

Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option (6)
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
5,519

 
5,519

Total commercial loans and leases
885

 
265

 
486

 
1,636

 
496,819

 
5,519

 
503,974

Total loans and leases (8)
$
3,677

 
$
1,328

 
$
4,740

 
$
9,745

 
$
929,683

 
$
6,187

 
$
945,615

Percentage of outstandings
0.39
%
 
0.14
%
 
0.50
%
 
1.03
%
 
98.32
%
 
0.65
%
 
100.00
%
(1) 
Consumer real estate loans 30-59 days past due includes fully-insured loans of $575 million and nonperforming loans of $188 million. Consumer real estate loans 60-89 days past due includes fully-insured loans of $221 million and nonperforming loans of $134 million.
(2) 
Consumer real estate includes fully-insured loans of $1.6 billion.
(3) 
Consumer real estate includes $1.8 billion and direct/indirect consumer includes $51 million of nonperforming loans.
(4) 
Total outstandings includes auto and specialty lending loans and leases of $49.9 billion, unsecured consumer lending loans of $355 million, U.S. securities-based lending loans of $35.8 billion, non-U.S. consumer loans of $2.8 billion and other consumer loans of $697 million.
(5) 
Substantially all of other consumer is consumer overdrafts.
(6) 
Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option includes residential mortgage loans of $315 million and home equity loans of $353 million. Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option includes U.S. commercial loans of $2.8 billion and non-U.S. commercial loans of $2.7 billion. For additional information, see Note 15 – Fair Value Measurements and Note 16 – Fair Value Option.
(7) 
Total outstandings includes U.S. commercial real estate loans of $56.8 billion and non-U.S. commercial real estate loans of $4.4 billion.
(8) 
Total outstandings includes loans and leases pledged as collateral of $25.4 billion. The Corporation also pledged $164.4 billion of loans with no related outstanding borrowings to secure potential borrowing capacity with the Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB).
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
30-59 Days
Past Due
(1)
 
60-89 Days Past Due (1)
 
90 Days or
More
Past Due
(2)
 
Total Past
Due 30 Days
or More
 
Total
Current or
Less Than
30 Days
Past Due (3)
 
Loans
Accounted
for Under
the Fair
Value Option
 
Total Outstandings
(Dollars in millions)
December 31, 2018
Consumer real estate
 

 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Core portfolio
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage
$
1,188

 
$
249

 
$
793

 
$
2,230

 
$
191,465

 
 

 
$
193,695

Home equity
200

 
85

 
387

 
672

 
39,338

 
 

 
40,010

Non-core portfolio
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Residential mortgage
757

 
309

 
2,201

 
3,267

 
11,595

 
 

 
14,862

Home equity
139

 
69

 
339

 
547

 
7,729

 
 

 
8,276

Credit card and other consumer
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

U.S. credit card
577

 
418

 
994

 
1,989

 
96,349

 
 

 
98,338

Direct/Indirect consumer (4)
317

 
90

 
40

 
447

 
90,719

 
 

 
91,166

Other consumer (5)

 

 

 

 
202

 
 

 
202

Total consumer
3,178

 
1,220

 
4,754

 
9,152

 
437,397

 
 

446,549

Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option (6)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
682


682

Total consumer loans and leases
3,178

 
1,220

 
4,754

 
9,152

 
437,397

 
682

 
447,231

Commercial
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

U.S. commercial
594

 
232

 
573

 
1,399

 
297,878

 
 

 
299,277

Non-U.S. commercial
1

 
49

 

 
50

 
98,726

 
 

 
98,776

Commercial real estate (7)
29

 
16

 
14

 
59

 
60,786

 
 

 
60,845

Commercial lease financing
124

 
114

 
37

 
275

 
22,259

 
 

 
22,534

U.S. small business commercial
83

 
54

 
96

 
233

 
14,332

 
 

 
14,565

Total commercial
831

 
465

 
720

 
2,016

 
493,981

 
 

 
495,997

Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option (6)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3,667

 
3,667

Total commercial loans and leases
831

 
465

 
720

 
2,016

 
493,981

 
3,667

 
499,664

Total loans and leases (8)
$
4,009

 
$
1,685

 
$
5,474

 
$
11,168

 
$
931,378

 
$
4,349

 
$
946,895

Percentage of outstandings
0.42
%
 
0.18
%
 
0.58
%
 
1.18
%
 
98.36
%
 
0.46
%
 
100.00
%

(1) 
Consumer real estate loans 30-59 days past due includes fully-insured loans of $637 million and nonperforming loans of $217 million. Consumer real estate loans 60-89 days past due includes fully-insured loans of $269 million and nonperforming loans of $146 million.
(2) 
Consumer real estate includes fully-insured loans of $1.9 billion.
(3) 
Consumer real estate includes $1.8 billion and direct/indirect consumer includes $53 million of nonperforming loans.
(4) 
Total outstandings includes auto and specialty lending loans and leases of $50.1 billion, unsecured consumer lending loans of $383 million, U.S. securities-based lending loans of $37.0 billion, non-U.S. consumer loans of $2.9 billion and other consumer loans of $746 million.
(5) 
Substantially all of other consumer is consumer overdrafts.
(6) 
Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option includes residential mortgage loans of $336 million and home equity loans of $346 million. Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option includes U.S. commercial loans of $2.5 billion and non-U.S. commercial loans of $1.1 billion. For additional information, see Note 15 – Fair Value Measurements and Note 16 – Fair Value Option.
(7) 
Total outstandings includes U.S. commercial real estate loans of $56.6 billion and non-U.S. commercial real estate loans of $4.2 billion.
(8) 
Total outstandings includes loans and leases pledged as collateral of $36.7 billion. The Corporation also pledged $166.1 billion of loans with no related outstanding borrowings to secure potential borrowing capacity with the Federal Reserve Bank and FHLB.
The Corporation categorizes consumer real estate loans as core and non-core based on loan and customer characteristics such as origination date, product type, LTV, FICO score and delinquency status consistent with its current consumer and mortgage servicing strategy. Generally, loans that were originated after January 1, 2010, qualified under government-sponsored enterprise (GSE) underwriting guidelines, or otherwise met the Corporation’s underwriting guidelines in place in 2015 are characterized as core loans. All other loans are generally characterized as non-core loans and represent runoff portfolios.
The Corporation has entered into long-term credit protection agreements with FNMA and FHLMC on loans totaling $6.3 billion and $6.1 billion at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, providing full credit protection on residential mortgage loans that become severely delinquent. All of these loans are individually insured and therefore the Corporation does not record an allowance for credit losses related to these loans.
During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Corporation sold $950 million and $825 million of consumer real estate loans.
Nonperforming Loans and Leases
The Corporation classifies junior-lien home equity loans as nonperforming when the first-lien loan becomes 90 days past due even if the junior-lien loan is performing. At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, $197 million and $221 million of such junior-lien home equity loans were included in nonperforming loans.
The Corporation classifies consumer real estate loans that have been discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy and not reaffirmed by the borrower as troubled debt restructurings (TDRs), irrespective of payment history or delinquency status, even if the repayment terms for the loan have not been otherwise modified. The Corporation continues to have a lien on the underlying collateral. At March 31, 2019, nonperforming loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy with no change in repayment terms were $173 million of which $94 million were current on their contractual payments, while $65 million were 90 days or more past due. Of the contractually current nonperforming loans, 60 percent were discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy over 12 months ago, and 52 percent were discharged 24 months or more ago.
The table below presents the Corporation’s nonperforming loans and leases including nonperforming TDRs, and loans accruing past due 90 days or more at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. Nonperforming loans held-for-sale (LHFS) are excluded from nonperforming loans and leases as they are recorded at either fair value or the lower of cost or fair value. For more information on the criteria for classification as nonperforming, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit Quality
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nonperforming Loans
and Leases
 
Accruing Past Due
90 Days or More
(Dollars in millions)
March 31
2019
 
December 31
2018
 
March 31
2019
 
December 31
2018
Consumer real estate
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Core portfolio
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage (1)
$
976

 
$
1,010

 
$
233

 
$
274

Home equity
906

 
955

 

 

Non-core portfolio
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
Residential mortgage (1)
797

 
883

 
1,360

 
1,610

Home equity
845

 
938

 

 

Credit card and other consumer
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
U.S. credit card
n/a

 
n/a

 
1,005

 
994

Direct/Indirect consumer
54

 
56

 
31

 
38

Total consumer
3,578

 
3,842

 
2,629

 
2,916

Commercial
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

U.S. commercial
870

 
794

 
46

 
197

Non-U.S. commercial
80

 
80

 

 

Commercial real estate
213

 
156

 

 
4

Commercial lease financing
52

 
18

 
13

 
29

U.S. small business commercial
57

 
54

 
91

 
84

Total commercial
1,272

 
1,102

 
150

 
314

Total loans and leases
$
4,850

 
$
4,944

 
$
2,779

 
$
3,230

(1) 
Residential mortgage loans in the core and non-core portfolios accruing past due 90 days or more are fully-insured loans. At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, residential mortgage includes $1.2 billion and $1.4 billion of loans on which interest has been curtailed by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) and therefore are no longer accruing interest, although principal is still insured, and $391 million and $498 million of loans on which interest is still accruing.
n/a = not applicableCredit Quality Indicators
The Corporation monitors credit quality within its Consumer Real Estate, Credit Card and Other Consumer, and Commercial portfolio segments based on primary credit quality indicators. For more information on the portfolio segments and their related credit quality indicators, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles and Note 5 – Outstanding Loans and Leases to the
Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The following tables present certain credit quality indicators for the Corporation’s Consumer Real Estate, Credit Card and Other Consumer, and Commercial portfolio segments, by class of financing receivables, at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer Real Estate – Credit Quality Indicators (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Core Residential Mortgage
 
Non-core Residential Mortgage
 
Core
Home Equity
 
Non-core Home Equity
 
Core Residential Mortgage
 
Non-core Residential Mortgage
 
Core
Home Equity
 
Non-core Home Equity
(Dollars in millions)
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Refreshed LTV 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Less than or equal to 90 percent
$
178,424

 
$
9,388

 
$
38,003

 
$
6,001

 
$
173,911

 
$
10,272

 
$
39,246

 
$
6,478

Greater than 90 percent but less than or equal to 100 percent
2,676

 
473

 
319

 
613

 
2,349

 
533

 
354

 
715

Greater than 100 percent
931

 
497

 
384

 
921

 
817

 
545

 
410

 
1,083

Fully-insured loans (2)
16,493

 
3,141

 
 
 
 
 
16,618

 
3,512

 
 
 
 
Total consumer real estate
$
198,524

 
$
13,499

 
$
38,706

 
$
7,535

 
$
193,695

 
$
14,862

 
$
40,010

 
$
8,276

Refreshed FICO score
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Less than 620
$
2,079

 
$
1,635

 
$
1,040

 
$
1,351

 
$
2,125

 
$
1,974

 
$
1,064

 
$
1,503

Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 680
4,634

 
1,483

 
1,945

 
1,560

 
4,538

 
1,719

 
2,008

 
1,720

Greater than or equal to 680 and less than 740
23,770

 
2,777

 
6,695

 
1,978

 
23,841

 
3,042

 
7,008

 
2,188

Greater than or equal to 740
151,548

 
4,463

 
29,026

 
2,646

 
146,573

 
4,615

 
29,930

 
2,865

Fully-insured loans (2)
16,493

 
3,141

 
 
 
 
 
16,618

 
3,512

 
 
 
 
Total consumer real estate
$
198,524

 
$
13,499

 
$
38,706

 
$
7,535

 
$
193,695

 
$
14,862

 
$
40,010

 
$
8,276

(1) 
Excludes $668 million and $682 million of loans accounted for under the fair value option at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
(2) 
Credit quality indicators are not reported for fully-insured loans as principal repayment is insured.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit Card and Other Consumer – Credit Quality Indicators
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Credit
Card
 
Direct/Indirect
Consumer
 
Other Consumer
 
U.S. Credit
Card
 
Direct/Indirect
Consumer
 
Other Consumer
(Dollars in millions)
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Refreshed FICO score
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Less than 620
$
4,936

 
$
1,630

 
 
 
$
5,016

 
$
1,719

 
 
Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 680
11,919

 
2,945

 
 
 
12,415

 
3,124

 
 
Greater than or equal to 680 and less than 740
34,085

 
8,634

 
 
 
35,781

 
8,921

 
 
Greater than or equal to 740
42,069

 
37,038

 
 
 
45,126

 
36,709

 
 
Other internal credit metrics (1, 2)
 
 
39,301

 
$
152

 
 
 
40,693

 
$
202

Total credit card and other consumer
$
93,009

 
$
89,548

 
$
152

 
$
98,338

 
$
91,166

 
$
202

(1) 
Other internal credit metrics may include delinquency status, geography or other factors.
(2) 
Direct/indirect consumer includes $38.6 billion and $39.9 billion of securities-based lending which is overcollateralized and therefore has minimal credit risk at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial – Credit Quality Indicators (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S.
Commercial
 
Non-U.S.
Commercial
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Commercial
Lease
Financing
 
U.S. Small
Business
Commercial (2)
(Dollars in millions)
March 31, 2019
Risk ratings
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Pass rated
$
292,401

 
$
100,015

 
$
60,257

 
$
20,797

 
$
249

Reservable criticized
7,998

 
1,014

 
958

 
399

 
27

Refreshed FICO score (3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Less than 620
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
277

Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 680
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
695

Greater than or equal to 680 and less than 740
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2,081

Greater than or equal to 740
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4,382

Other internal credit metrics (3, 4)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6,905

Total commercial
$
300,399

 
$
101,029

 
$
61,215

 
$
21,196

 
$
14,616

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2018
Risk ratings
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pass rated
$
291,918

 
$
97,916

 
$
59,910

 
$
22,168

 
$
389

Reservable criticized
7,359

 
860

 
935

 
366

 
29

Refreshed FICO score (3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Less than 620
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
264

Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 680
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
684

Greater than or equal to 680 and less than 740
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2,072

Greater than or equal to 740
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4,254

Other internal credit metrics (3, 4)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6,873

Total commercial
$
299,277

 
$
98,776

 
$
60,845

 
$
22,534

 
$
14,565


(1) 
Excludes $5.5 billion and $3.7 billion of loans accounted for under the fair value option at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
(2) 
At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, U.S. small business commercial includes $726 million and $731 million of criticized business card and small business loans which are evaluated using refreshed FICO scores or internal credit metrics, including delinquency status, rather than risk ratings. At both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, 99 percent of the balances where internal credit metrics are used was current or less than 30 days past due.
(3) 
Refreshed FICO score and other internal credit metrics are applicable only to the U.S. small business commercial portfolio.
(4) 
Other internal credit metrics may include delinquency status, application scores, geography or other factors.Impaired Loans and Troubled Debt Restructurings
A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information, it is probable that the Corporation will be unable to collect all amounts due from the borrower in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan. For additional information, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles and Note 5 – Outstanding Loans and Leases to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Consumer Real Estate
Impaired consumer real estate loans within the Consumer Real Estate portfolio segment consist entirely of TDRs. Most modifications of consumer real estate loans meet the definition of TDRs when a binding offer is extended to a borrower. For more information on impaired consumer real estate loans, see Note 5 – Outstanding Loans and Leases to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Consumer real estate loans that have been discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy with no change in repayment terms and not reaffirmed by the borrower of $813 million were included in TDRs at March 31, 2019, of which $173 million were classified as nonperforming and $326 million were loans fully insured by the FHA. For more information on loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy, see Nonperforming Loans and Leases in this Note.
At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, remaining commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whose terms have been modified in a consumer real estate TDR were not significant. Consumer real estate foreclosed properties totaled $236 million and $244 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. The carrying value of consumer real estate loans, including fully-insured loans, for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process at March 31, 2019 was $2.2 billion. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Corporation reclassified $164 million and $168 million of consumer real estate loans to foreclosed properties or, for properties acquired upon foreclosure of certain government-
guaranteed loans (principally FHA-insured loans), to other assets. The reclassifications represent non-cash investing activities and, accordingly, are not reflected in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.
The following table provides the unpaid principal balance, carrying value and related allowance at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, and the average carrying value and interest
income recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 for impaired loans in the Corporation’s Consumer Real Estate portfolio segment. Certain impaired consumer real estate loans do not have a related allowance as the current valuation of these impaired loans exceeded the carrying value, which is net of previously recorded charge-offs.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Impaired Loans – Consumer Real Estate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Carrying
Value
 
Related
Allowance
 
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Carrying
Value
 
Related
Allowance
(Dollars in millions)
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
With no recorded allowance
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
Residential mortgage
$
5,087

 
$
4,033

 
$

 
$
5,396

 
$
4,268

 
$

Home equity
2,892

 
1,582

 

 
2,948

 
1,599

 

With an allowance recorded
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage
$
1,777

 
$
1,739

 
$
95

 
$
1,977

 
$
1,929

 
$
114

Home equity
750

 
704

 
114

 
812

 
760

 
144

Total
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage
$
6,864

 
$
5,772

 
$
95

 
$
7,373

 
$
6,197

 
$
114

Home equity
3,642

 
2,286

 
114

 
3,760

 
2,359

 
144

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average
Carrying
Value
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
(1)
 
Average
Carrying
Value
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
(1)
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31
 
 
 
2019
 
2018
With no recorded allowance
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage
 
 
 
 
$
4,171

 
$
45

 
$
6,462

 
$
65

Home equity
 
 
 
 
1,593

 
25

 
1,961

 
27

With an allowance recorded
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage
 
 
 
 
$
1,848

 
$
18

 
$
2,705

 
$
25

Home equity
 
 
 
 
737

 
6

 
892

 
6

Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage

 

 
$
6,019

 
$
63

 
$
9,167

 
$
90

Home equity

 

 
2,330

 
31

 
2,853

 
33

(1) 
Interest income recognized includes interest accrued and collected on the outstanding balances of accruing impaired loans as well as interest cash collections on nonaccruing impaired loans for which the principal is considered collectible.
The table below presents the March 31, 2019 and 2018 unpaid principal balance, carrying value, and average pre- and post-modification interest rates of consumer real estate loans that were modified in TDRs during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. The following Consumer Real Estate portfolio segment tables include loans that were initially classified as TDRs during the period and also loans that had previously been classified as TDRs and were modified again during the period.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer Real Estate – TDRs Entered into During the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018
 
 
 
Unpaid Principal Balance
 
Carrying
Value
 
Pre-Modification Interest Rate
 
Post-Modification Interest Rate (1)
(Dollars in millions)
March 31, 2019
Residential mortgage
$
135

 
$
112

 
4.19
%
 
4.27
%
Home equity
63

 
48

 
5.23

 
4.86

Total
$
198

 
$
160

 
4.52

 
4.46

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
March 31, 2018
Residential mortgage
$
407

 
$
358

 
4.39
%
 
4.36
%
Home equity
207

 
161

 
4.37

 
4.37

Total
$
614

 
$
519

 
4.39

 
4.36

(1) 
The post-modification interest rate reflects the interest rate applicable only to permanently completed modifications, which exclude loans that are in a trial modification period.
The table below presents the March 31, 2019 and 2018 carrying value for consumer real estate loans that were modified in a TDR during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, by type of modification.
 
 
 
 
Consumer Real Estate – Modification Programs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TDRs Entered into During the
 
Three Months Ended March 31
(Dollars in millions)
2019
 
2018
Modifications under government programs (1)
$
3

 
$
13

Modifications under proprietary programs (1)
26

 
200

Loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy (2)
28

 
64

Trial modifications
103

 
242

Total modifications
$
160

 
$
519

(1) 
Includes other modifications such as term or payment extensions and repayment plans. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, this included $168 million of modifications that met the definition of a TDR related to the 2017 hurricanes. These modifications had been written down to their net realizable value less costs to sell or were fully insured as of March 31, 2018.
(2) 
Includes loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy with no change in repayment terms that are classified as TDRs.
The table below presents the carrying value of consumer real estate loans that entered into payment default during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 that were modified in a TDR during the 12 months preceding payment default. A payment default for consumer real estate TDRs is recognized when a borrower has missed three monthly payments (not necessarily consecutively) since modification.
 
 
 
 
Consumer Real Estate – TDRs Entering Payment Default that were Modified During the Preceding 12 Months
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31
(Dollars in millions)
2019
 
2018
Modifications under government programs
$
7

 
$
13

Modifications under proprietary programs
29

 
31

Loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy (1)
9

 
23

Trial modifications (2)
16

 
45

Total modifications
$
61

 
$
112

(1) 
Includes loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy with no change in repayment terms that are classified as TDRs.
(2) 
Includes trial modification offers to which the customer did not respond.Credit Card and Other Consumer
Impaired loans within the Credit Card and Other Consumer portfolio segment consist entirely of loans that have been modified in TDRs. The Corporation seeks to assist customers that are experiencing financial difficulty by modifying loans while ensuring compliance with federal and local laws and guidelines. Credit card and other consumer loan modifications generally involve reducing the interest rate on the account, placing the customer on a fixed payment plan not exceeding 60 months and canceling the customer’s available line of credit, all of which are considered TDRs. The Corporation makes loan modifications directly with borrowers for debt held only by the Corporation (internal programs).
Additionally, the Corporation makes loan modifications for borrowers working with third-party renegotiation agencies that provide solutions to customers’ entire unsecured debt structures (external programs). The Corporation classifies other secured consumer loans that have been discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy as TDRs which are written down to collateral value and placed on nonaccrual status no later than the time of discharge.
The table below provides the unpaid principal balance, carrying value and related allowance at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and the average carrying value for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 for TDRs within the Credit Card and Other Consumer portfolio segment.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Impaired Loans – Credit Card and Other Consumer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Carrying
Value (1)
 
Related
Allowance
 
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Carrying
Value (1)
 
Related
Allowance
 
Average Carrying Value (2)
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31
(Dollars in millions)
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
2019
 
2018
With no recorded allowance
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Direct/Indirect consumer
$
74

 
$
34

 
$

 
$
72

 
$
33

 
$

 
$
34

 
$
27

With an allowance recorded
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

U.S. credit card
$
554

 
$
566

 
$
155

 
$
522

 
$
533

 
$
154

 
$
547

 
$
465

Direct/Indirect consumer

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
1

Total
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. credit card
$
554

 
$
566

 
$
155

 
$
522

 
$
533

 
$
154

 
$
547

 
$
465

Direct/Indirect consumer
74

 
34

 

 
72

 
33

 

 
34

 
28

(1) 
Includes accrued interest and fees.
(2) 
The related interest income recognized, which included interest accrued and collected on the outstanding balances of accruing impaired loans as well as interest cash collections on nonaccruing impaired loans for which the principal was considered collectible, was not significant for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.
The table below provides information on the Corporation’s primary modification programs for the Credit Card and Other Consumer TDR portfolio at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit Card and Other Consumer – TDRs by Program Type
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Credit Card
 
Direct/Indirect Consumer
 
Total TDRs by Program Type
(Dollars in millions)
March 31
2019
 
December 31
2018
 
March 31
2019
 
December 31
2018
 
March 31
2019
 
December 31
2018
Internal programs
$
285

 
$
259

 
$

 
$

 
$
285

 
$
259

External programs
281

 
273

 

 

 
281

 
273

Other

 
1

 
34

 
33

 
34

 
34

Total
$
566

 
$
533

 
$
34

 
$
33

 
$
600

 
$
566

Percent of balances current or less than 30 days past due
85
%
 
85
%
 
85
%
 
81
%
 
85
%
 
85
%

The table below provides information on the Corporation’s Credit Card and Other Consumer TDR portfolio including the March 31, 2019 and 2018 unpaid principal balance, carrying value, and average pre- and post-modification interest rates of loans that were modified in TDRs during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit Card and Other Consumer – TDRs Entered into During the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unpaid Principal Balance
 
Carrying
Value (1)
 
Pre-Modification Interest Rate
 
Post-Modification Interest Rate
(Dollars in millions)
March 31, 2019
U.S. credit card
$
98

 
$
105

 
19.86
%
 
5.21
%
Direct/Indirect consumer
18

 
10

 
4.96

 
4.96

Total
$
116

 
$
115

 
18.56

 
5.19

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
March 31, 2018
U.S. credit card
$
74

 
$
80

 
18.83
%
 
5.20
%
Direct/Indirect consumer
17

 
10

 
4.98

 
4.67

Total
$
91

 
$
90

 
17.24

 
5.14

(1) 
Includes accrued interest and fees.
Credit card and other consumer loans are deemed to be in payment default during the quarter in which a borrower misses the second of two consecutive payments. Payment defaults are one of the factors considered when projecting future cash flows in the calculation of the allowance for loan and lease losses for impaired credit card and other consumer loans. Based on historical experience, the Corporation estimates that 14 percent of new U.S. credit card TDRs and 15 percent of new direct/indirect consumer TDRs may be in payment default within 12 months after modification.Commercial Loans
Impaired commercial loans include nonperforming loans and leases and TDRs (both performing and nonperforming). For more information on impaired commercial loans, see Note 5 – Outstanding Loans and Leases to the Consolidated Financial
Statements of the Corporation’s 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, remaining commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whose terms have been modified in a commercial loan TDR were $347 million and $297 million.
The table below provides information on impaired loans in the Commercial loan portfolio segment including the unpaid principal balance, carrying value and related allowance at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, and the average carrying value for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. Certain impaired commercial loans do not have a related allowance because the valuation of these impaired loans exceeded the carrying value, which is net of previously recorded charge-offs.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Impaired Loans – Commercial
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Carrying
Value
 
Related
Allowance
 
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Carrying
Value
 
Related
Allowance
 
Average Carrying Value (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31
(Dollars in millions)
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
2019
 
2018
With no recorded allowance
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. commercial
$
761

 
$
750

 
$

 
$
638

 
$
616

 
$

 
$
683

 
$
672

Non-U.S. commercial
93

 
93

 

 
93

 
93

 

 
93

 
62

Commercial real estate
226

 
226

 

 

 

 

 
113

 
69

Commercial lease financing

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
6

With an allowance recorded
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
U.S. commercial
$
1,466

 
$
1,245

 
$
122

 
$
1,437

 
$
1,270

 
$
121

 
$
1,258

 
$
1,105

Non-U.S. commercial
254

 
240

 
37

 
155

 
149

 
30

 
195

 
445

Commercial real estate
156

 
79

 
6

 
247

 
162

 
16

 
121

 
36

Commercial lease financing
90

 
87

 
13

 
71

 
71

 

 
79

 
11

U.S. small business commercial (2)
85

 
76

 
29

 
83

 
72

 
29

 
74

 
75

Total
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. commercial
$
2,227

 
$
1,995

 
$
122

 
$
2,075

 
$
1,886

 
$
121

 
$
1,941

 
$
1,777

Non-U.S. commercial
347

 
333

 
37

 
248

 
242

 
30

 
288

 
507

Commercial real estate
382

 
305

 
6

 
247

 
162

 
16

 
234

 
105

Commercial lease financing
90

 
87

 
13

 
71

 
71

 

 
79

 
17

U.S. small business commercial (2)
85

 
76

 
29

 
83

 
72

 
29

 
74

 
75

(1) 
The related interest income recognized, which included interest accrued and collected on the outstanding balances of accruing impaired loans as well as interest cash collections on nonaccruing impaired loans for which the principal was considered collectible, was not significant for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.
(2) 
Includes U.S. small business commercial renegotiated TDR loans and related allowance.
The table below presents the March 31, 2019 and 2018 unpaid principal balance and carrying value of commercial loans that were modified as TDRs during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. The table below includes loans that were initially classified as TDRs during the period and also loans that had previously been classified as TDRs and were modified again during the period.
 
 
 
 
Commercial – TDRs Entered into During the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018
 
 
 
Unpaid Principal Balance
 
Carrying Value
(Dollars in millions)
March 31, 2019
U.S. commercial
$
480

 
$
459

Non-U.S. commercial
103

 
103

Commercial real estate
198

 
198

Commercial lease financing
3

 
3

U.S. small business commercial (1)
4

 
4

Total
$
788

 
$
767

 
 
 
 
 
March 31, 2018
U.S. commercial
$
618

 
$
550

Non-U.S. commercial
331

 
331

Commercial lease financing
2

 
1

U.S. small business commercial (1)
3

 
3

Total
$
954

 
$
885


(1) 
U.S. small business commercial TDRs are comprised of renegotiated small business card loans.
A commercial TDR is generally deemed to be in payment default when the loan is 90 days or more past due, including delinquencies that were not resolved as part of the modification. U.S. small business commercial TDRs are deemed to be in payment default during the quarter in which a borrower misses the second of two consecutive payments. Payment defaults are one of the factors considered when projecting future cash flows, along with observable market prices or fair value of collateral when measuring the allowance for loan and lease losses. TDRs that were in payment default had a carrying value of $116 million and $139 million for U.S. commercial, $3 million and $18 million for commercial real estate and $3 million and $4 million for commercial lease financing at March 31, 2019 and 2018.
Loans Held-for-sale
The Corporation had LHFS of $6.3 billion and $10.4 billion at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, cash and non-cash proceeds from sales and paydowns of loans originally classified as LHFS were