Annual report pursuant to Section 13 and 15(d)

Securities

v3.6.0.2
Securities
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Securities
Securities
The table below presents the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of AFS debt securities, other debt securities carried at fair value, HTM debt securities and AFS marketable equity securities at December 31, 2016 and 2015.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt Securities and Available-for-Sale Marketable Equity Securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2016
(Dollars in millions)
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
Available-for-sale debt securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Agency
$
190,809

 
$
640

 
$
(1,963
)
 
$
189,486

Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations
8,296

 
85

 
(51
)
 
8,330

Commercial
12,594

 
21

 
(293
)
 
12,322

Non-agency residential (1)
1,863

 
181

 
(31
)
 
2,013

Total mortgage-backed securities
213,562

 
927

 
(2,338
)
 
212,151

U.S. Treasury and agency securities
48,800

 
204

 
(752
)
 
48,252

Non-U.S. securities
6,372

 
13

 
(3
)
 
6,382

Other taxable securities, substantially all asset-backed securities
10,573

 
64

 
(23
)
 
10,614

Total taxable securities
279,307

 
1,208

 
(3,116
)
 
277,399

Tax-exempt securities
17,272

 
72

 
(184
)
 
17,160

Total available-for-sale debt securities
296,579

 
1,280

 
(3,300
)
 
294,559

Less: Available-for-sale securities of business held for sale (2)
(619
)
 

 

 
(619
)
Other debt securities carried at fair value
19,748

 
121

 
(149
)
 
19,720

Total debt securities carried at fair value
315,708

 
1,401

 
(3,449
)
 
313,660

Held-to-maturity debt securities, substantially all U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities
117,071

 
248

 
(2,034
)
 
115,285

Total debt securities (3)
$
432,779

 
$
1,649

 
$
(5,483
)
 
$
428,945

Available-for-sale marketable equity securities (4)
$
325

 
$
51

 
$
(1
)
 
$
375

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2015
Available-for-sale debt securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Agency
$
229,356

 
$
1,061

 
$
(1,470
)
 
$
228,947

Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations
10,892

 
148

 
(55
)
 
10,985

Commercial
7,200

 
30

 
(65
)
 
7,165

Non-agency residential (1)
3,031

 
219

 
(71
)
 
3,179

Total mortgage-backed securities
250,479

 
1,458

 
(1,661
)
 
250,276

U.S. Treasury and agency securities
25,075

 
211

 
(9
)
 
25,277

Non-U.S. securities
5,743

 
27

 
(3
)
 
5,767

Other taxable securities, substantially all asset-backed securities
10,475

 
54

 
(84
)
 
10,445

Total taxable securities
291,772

 
1,750

 
(1,757
)
 
291,765

Tax-exempt securities
13,978

 
63

 
(33
)
 
14,008

Total available-for-sale debt securities
305,750

 
1,813

 
(1,790
)
 
305,773

Other debt securities carried at fair value
16,678

 
103

 
(174
)
 
16,607

Total debt securities carried at fair value
322,428

 
1,916

 
(1,964
)
 
322,380

Held-to-maturity debt securities, substantially all U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities
84,508

 
330

 
(792
)
 
84,046

Total debt securities (3)
$
406,936

 
$
2,246

 
$
(2,756
)
 
$
406,426

Available-for-sale marketable equity securities (4)
$
326

 
$
99

 
$

 
$
425

(1) 
At December 31, 2016 and 2015, the underlying collateral type included approximately 60 percent and 71 percent prime, 19 percent and 15 percent Alt-A, and 21 percent and 14 percent subprime.
(2) 
Represents AFS debt securities of business held for sale of which there were no unrealized gains or losses at December 31, 2016.
(3) 
The Corporation had debt securities from FNMA and FHLMC that each exceeded 10 percent of shareholders’ equity, with an amortized cost of $156.4 billion and $48.7 billion, and a fair value of $154.4 billion and $48.3 billion at December 31, 2016. Debt securities from FNMA and FHLMC that exceeded 10 percent of shareholders’ equity had an amortized cost of $145.8 billion and $53.3 billion, and a fair value of $145.5 billion and $53.2 billion at December 31, 2015.
(4) 
Classified in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
At December 31, 2016, the accumulated net unrealized loss on AFS debt securities included in accumulated OCI was $1.3 billion, net of the related income tax benefit of $721 million. At December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Corporation had nonperforming AFS debt securities of $121 million and $188 million.
The following table presents the components of other debt securities carried at fair value where the changes in fair value are reported in other income. In 2016, the Corporation recorded unrealized mark-to-market net gains of $51 million and realized net losses of $128 million, compared to unrealized mark-to-market net gains of $62 million and realized net losses of $324 million in 2015. These amounts exclude hedge results.

 
 
 
 
Other Debt Securities Carried at Fair Value
 
 
 
 
 
December 31
(Dollars in millions)
2016
 
2015
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations
$
5

 
$
7

Non-agency residential
3,139

 
3,490

Total mortgage-backed securities
3,144

 
3,497

Non-U.S. securities (1)
16,336

 
12,843

Other taxable securities, substantially all asset-backed securities
240

 
267

Total
$
19,720

 
$
16,607

(1) 
These securities are primarily used to satisfy certain international regulatory liquidity requirements.
The gross realized gains and losses on sales of AFS debt securities for 2016, 2015 and 2014 are presented in the following table.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains and Losses on Sales of AFS Debt Securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in millions)
2016
 
2015
 
2014
Gross gains
$
520

 
$
1,174

 
$
1,504

Gross losses
(30
)
 
(36
)
 
(23
)
Net gains on sales of AFS debt securities
$
490

 
$
1,138

 
$
1,481

Income tax expense attributable to realized net gains on sales of AFS debt securities
$
186

 
$
432

 
$
563

The table below presents the fair value and the associated gross unrealized losses on AFS debt securities and whether these securities have had gross unrealized losses for less than 12 months or for 12 months or longer at December 31, 2016 and 2015.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Temporarily Impaired and Other-than-temporarily Impaired AFS Debt Securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2016
 
Less than Twelve Months
 
Twelve Months or Longer
 
Total
(Dollars in millions)
Fair
Value
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
Temporarily impaired AFS debt securities
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency
$
135,210

 
$
(1,846
)
 
$
3,770

 
$
(117
)
 
$
138,980

 
$
(1,963
)
Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations
3,229

 
(25
)
 
1,028

 
(26
)
 
4,257

 
(51
)
Commercial
9,018

 
(293
)
 

 

 
9,018

 
(293
)
Non-agency residential
212

 
(1
)
 
204

 
(13
)
 
416

 
(14
)
Total mortgage-backed securities
147,669

 
(2,165
)
 
5,002

 
(156
)
 
152,671

 
(2,321
)
U.S. Treasury and agency securities
28,462

 
(752
)
 

 

 
28,462

 
(752
)
Non-U.S. securities
52

 
(1
)
 
142

 
(2
)
 
194

 
(3
)
Other taxable securities, substantially all asset-backed securities
762

 
(5
)
 
1,438

 
(18
)
 
2,200

 
(23
)
Total taxable securities
176,945

 
(2,923
)
 
6,582

 
(176
)
 
183,527

 
(3,099
)
Tax-exempt securities
4,782

 
(148
)
 
1,873

 
(36
)
 
6,655

 
(184
)
Total temporarily impaired AFS debt securities
181,727

 
(3,071
)
 
8,455

 
(212
)
 
190,182

 
(3,283
)
Other-than-temporarily impaired AFS debt securities (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities
94

 
(1
)
 
401

 
(16
)
 
495

 
(17
)
Total temporarily impaired and other-than-temporarily impaired
AFS debt securities
$
181,821

 
$
(3,072
)
 
$
8,856

 
$
(228
)
 
$
190,677

 
$
(3,300
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2015
Temporarily impaired AFS debt securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency
$
115,502

 
$
(1,082
)
 
$
13,083

 
$
(388
)
 
$
128,585

 
$
(1,470
)
Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations
2,536

 
(19
)
 
1,212

 
(36
)
 
3,748

 
(55
)
Commercial
4,587

 
(65
)
 

 

 
4,587

 
(65
)
Non-agency residential
553

 
(5
)
 
723

 
(33
)
 
1,276

 
(38
)
Total mortgage-backed securities
123,178

 
(1,171
)
 
15,018

 
(457
)
 
138,196

 
(1,628
)
U.S. Treasury and agency securities
1,172

 
(5
)
 
190

 
(4
)
 
1,362

 
(9
)
Non-U.S. securities

 

 
134

 
(3
)
 
134

 
(3
)
Other taxable securities, substantially all asset-backed securities
4,936

 
(67
)
 
869

 
(17
)
 
5,805

 
(84
)
Total taxable securities
129,286

 
(1,243
)
 
16,211

 
(481
)
 
145,497

 
(1,724
)
Tax-exempt securities
4,400

 
(12
)
 
1,877

 
(21
)
 
6,277

 
(33
)
Total temporarily impaired AFS debt securities
133,686

 
(1,255
)
 
18,088

 
(502
)
 
151,774

 
(1,757
)
Other-than-temporarily impaired AFS debt securities (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities
481

 
(19
)
 
98

 
(14
)
 
579

 
(33
)
Total temporarily impaired and other-than-temporarily impaired
AFS debt securities
$
134,167

 
$
(1,274
)
 
$
18,186

 
$
(516
)
 
$
152,353

 
$
(1,790
)
(1) 
Includes OTTI AFS debt securities on which an OTTI loss, primarily related to changes in interest rates, remains in accumulated OCI.
The Corporation recorded OTTI losses on AFS debt securities in 2016, 2015 and 2014 as presented in the following table. Substantially all OTTI losses in 2016, 2015 and 2014 consisted of credit losses on non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS) and were recorded in other income in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Credit-related Impairment Losses Recognized in Earnings
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in millions)
2016
 
2015
 
2014
Total OTTI losses
$
(31
)
 
$
(111
)
 
$
(30
)
Less: non-credit portion of total OTTI losses recognized in OCI
12

 
30

 
14

Net credit-related impairment losses recognized in earnings
$
(19
)
 
$
(81
)
 
$
(16
)

The table below presents a rollforward of the credit losses recognized in earnings in 2016, 2015 and 2014 on AFS debt securities that the Corporation does not have the intent to sell or will not more-likely-than-not be required to sell.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rollforward of OTTI Credit Losses Recognized
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in millions)
2016
 
2015
 
2014
Balance, January 1
$
266

 
$
200

 
$
184

Additions for credit losses recognized on AFS debt securities that had no previous impairment losses
2

 
52

 
14

Additions for credit losses recognized on AFS debt securities that had previously incurred impairment losses
17

 
29

 
2

Reductions for AFS debt securities matured, sold or intended to be sold
(32
)
 
(15
)
 

Balance, December 31
$
253

 
$
266

 
$
200


The Corporation estimates the portion of a loss on a security that is attributable to credit using a discounted cash flow model and estimates the expected cash flows of the underlying collateral using internal credit, interest rate and prepayment risk models that incorporate management’s best estimate of current key assumptions such as default rates, loss severity and prepayment rates. Assumptions used for the underlying loans that support the MBS can vary widely from loan to loan and are influenced by such factors as loan interest rate, geographic location of the borrower, borrower characteristics and collateral type. Based on these assumptions, the Corporation then determines how the underlying collateral cash flows will be distributed to each MBS issued from the applicable special purpose entity. Expected principal and interest cash flows on an impaired AFS debt security are discounted using the effective yield of each individual impaired AFS debt security.
Significant assumptions used in estimating the expected cash flows for measuring credit losses on non-agency RMBS were as follows at December 31, 2016.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Significant Assumptions
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Range (1)
 
Weighted-
average
 
10th
Percentile (2)
 
90th
Percentile (2)
Prepayment speed
13.8
%
 
4.6
%
 
27.0
%
Loss severity
20.1

 
8.8

 
36.5

Life default rate
20.4

 
0.7

 
77.4

(1) 
Represents the range of inputs/assumptions based upon the underlying collateral.
(2) 
The value of a variable below which the indicated percentile of observations will fall.
Annual constant prepayment speed and loss severity rates are projected considering collateral characteristics such as loan-to-value (LTV), creditworthiness of borrowers as measured using Fair Isaac Corporation (FICO) scores, and geographic concentrations. The weighted-average severity by collateral type was 17.0 percent for prime, 18.8 percent for Alt-A and 30.4 percent for subprime at December 31, 2016. Additionally, default rates are projected by considering collateral characteristics including, but not limited to, LTV, FICO score and geographic concentration. Weighted-average life default rates by collateral type were 13.9 percent for prime, 21.7 percent for Alt-A and 20.9 percent for subprime at December 31, 2016.

The remaining contractual maturity distribution and yields of the Corporation’s debt securities carried at fair value and HTM debt securities at December 31, 2016 are summarized in the table below. Actual duration and yields may differ as prepayments on the loans underlying the mortgages or other ABS are passed through to the Corporation.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Maturities of Debt Securities Carried at Fair Value and Held-to-maturity Debt Securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2016
 
Due in One
Year or Less
 
Due after One Year
through Five Years
 
Due after Five Years
through Ten Years
 
Due after
Ten Years
 
Total
(Dollars in millions)
Amount
 
Yield (1)
 
Amount
 
Yield (1)
 
Amount
 
Yield (1)
 
Amount
 
Yield (1)
 
Amount
 
Yield (1)
Amortized cost of debt securities carried at fair value
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Mortgage-backed securities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Agency
$
2

 
4.50
%
 
$
47

 
4.45
%
 
$
381

 
2.56
%
 
$
190,379

 
3.23
%
 
$
190,809

 
3.23
%
Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations

 

 

 

 

 

 
8,300

 
3.18

 
8,300

 
3.18

Commercial
48

 
8.60

 
558

 
1.96

 
11,632

 
2.47

 
356

 
2.58

 
12,594

 
2.47

Non-agency residential

 

 

 

 
12

 
0.01

 
5,016

 
8.50

 
5,028

 
8.48

Total mortgage-backed securities
50

 
8.32

 
605

 
2.15

 
12,025

 
2.46

 
204,051

 
3.36

 
216,731

 
3.31

U.S. Treasury and agency securities
517

 
0.47

 
34,898

 
1.57

 
13,234

 
1.58

 
151

 
5.42

 
48,800

 
1.57

Non-U.S. securities (2)
21,164

 
0.25

 
1,097

 
1.92

 
206

 
1.30

 
240

 
6.60

 
22,707

 
0.41

Other taxable securities, substantially all asset-backed securities
2,040

 
1.77

 
5,102

 
1.63

 
2,279

 
2.71

 
1,396

 
3.18

 
10,817

 
2.08

Total taxable securities
23,771

 
0.40

 
41,702

 
1.59

 
27,744

 
2.05

 
205,838

 
3.36

 
299,055

 
2.76

Tax-exempt securities
646

 
1.13

 
6,563

 
1.49

 
7,846

 
1.57

 
2,217

 
1.53

 
17,272

 
1.52

Total amortized cost of debt securities carried at fair value (2)
$
24,417

 
0.42

 
$
48,265

 
1.58

 
$
35,590

 
1.95

 
$
208,055

 
3.34

 
$
316,327

 
2.69

Amortized cost of HTM debt securities (3)
$

 

 
$
26

 
4.01

 
$
971

 
2.32

 
$
116,074

 
3.01

 
$
117,071

 
3.01

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt securities carried at fair value
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Mortgage-backed securities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Agency
$
2

 
 

 
$
48

 
 

 
$
382

 
 

 
$
189,054

 
 

 
$
189,486

 
 

Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations

 
 

 

 
 

 

 
 

 
8,335

 
 

 
8,335

 
 

Commercial
48

 
 

 
559

 
 

 
11,378

 
 

 
337

 
 

 
12,322

 
 

Non-agency residential

 
 

 

 
 

 
19

 
 

 
5,133

 
 

 
5,152

 
 

Total mortgage-backed securities
50

 
 
 
607

 
 
 
11,779

 
 
 
202,859

 
 
 
215,295

 
 
U.S. Treasury and agency securities
517

 
 
 
34,784

 
 
 
12,788

 
 
 
163

 
 
 
48,252

 
 
Non-U.S. securities (2)
21,165

 
 

 
1,100

 
 

 
208

 
 

 
245

 
 

 
22,718

 
 

Other taxable securities, substantially all asset-backed securities
2,036

 
 

 
5,078

 
 

 
2,303

 
 

 
1,437

 
 

 
10,854

 
 

Total taxable securities
23,768

 
 

 
41,569

 
 

 
27,078

 
 

 
204,704

 
 

 
297,119

 
 

Tax-exempt securities
646

 
 

 
6,561

 
 

 
7,754

 
 

 
2,199

 
 

 
17,160

 
 

Total debt securities carried at fair value (2)
$
24,414

 
 

 
$
48,130

 
 

 
$
34,832

 
 

 
$
206,903

 
 

 
$
314,279

 
 

Fair value of HTM debt securities (3)
$

 
 
 
$
26

 
 
 
$
959

 
 
 
$
114,300

 
 
 
$
115,285

 
 
(1) 
The average yield is computed based on a constant effective interest rate over the contractual life of each security. The average yield considers the contractual coupon and the amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts, excluding the effect of related hedging derivatives.
(2) 
Includes $619 million of amortized cost and fair value for AFS debt securities of business held for sale. These AFS debt securities mature in one year or less and have an average yield of 0.21 percent.
(3) 
Substantially all U.S. agency MBS.