Bank of America Corporation Annual report pursuant to Section 13 and 15(d)

Annual report pursuant to Section 13 and 15(d)

Outstanding Loans and Leases

Outstanding Loans and Leases

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

The following tables present total outstanding loans and leases and an aging analysis for the Consumer Real Estate, Credit Card and Other Consumer, and Commercial portfolio segments, by class of financing receivables, at December 31, 2016 and 2015.




	December 31, 2016
(Dollars in millions)	30-59 Days Past Due ⁽¹⁾			60-89 Days Past Due ⁽¹⁾			90 Days or More Past Due ⁽²⁾			Total Past Due 30 Days or More			Total Current or Less Than 30 Days Past Due ⁽³⁾			Purchased Credit-impaired ⁽⁴⁾			Loans Accounted for Under the Fair Value Option			Total Outstandings
Consumer real estate
Core portfolio
Residential mortgage	$	1,340		$	425		$	1,213		$	2,978		$	153,519								$	156,497
Home equity	239			105			451			795			48,578									49,373
Non-core portfolio
Residential mortgage ⁽⁵⁾	1,338			674			5,343			7,355			17,818			$	10,127					35,300
Home equity	260			136			832			1,228			12,231			3,611						17,070
Credit card and other consumer
U.S. credit card	472			341			782			1,595			90,683									92,278
Non-U.S. credit card	37			27			66			130			9,084									9,214
Direct/Indirect consumer ⁽⁶⁾	272			79			34			385			93,704									94,089
Other consumer ⁽⁷⁾	26			8			6			40			2,459									2,499
Total consumer	3,984			1,795			8,727			14,506			428,076			13,738						456,320
Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option ⁽⁸⁾																			$	1,051		1,051
Total consumer loans and leases	3,984			1,795			8,727			14,506			428,076			13,738			1,051			457,371
Commercial
U.S. commercial	952			263			400			1,615			268,757									270,372
Commercial real estate ⁽⁹⁾	20			10			56			86			57,269									57,355
Commercial lease financing	167			21			27			215			22,160									22,375
Non-U.S. commercial	348			4			5			357			89,040									89,397
U.S. small business commercial	96			49			84			229			12,764									12,993
Total commercial	1,583			347			572			2,502			449,990									452,492
Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option ⁽⁸⁾																			6,034			6,034
Total commercial loans and leases	1,583			347			572			2,502			449,990						6,034			458,526
Total consumer and commercial loans and leases⁽¹⁰⁾	$	5,567		$	2,142		$	9,299		$	17,008		$	878,066		$	13,738		$	7,085		$	915,897
Less: Loans of business held for sale⁽¹⁰⁾																						(9,214		)
Total loans and leases ⁽¹¹⁾																						$	906,683
Percentage of outstandings ⁽¹⁰⁾	0.61		%	0.23		%	1.02		%	1.86		%	95.87		%	1.50		%	0.77		%	100.00		%


⁽¹⁾	Consumer real estate loans 30-59 days past due includes fully-insured loans of $1.1 billion and nonperforming loans of $266 million. Consumer real estate loans 60-89 days past due includes fully-insured loans of $547 million and nonperforming loans of $216 million.


⁽²⁾	Consumer real estate includes fully-insured loans of $4.8 billion.


⁽³⁾	Consumer real estate includes $2.5 billion and direct/indirect consumer includes $27 million of nonperforming loans.


⁽⁴⁾	PCI loan amounts are shown gross of the valuation allowance.


⁽⁵⁾	Total outstandings includes pay option loans of $1.8 billion. The Corporation no longer originates this product.


⁽⁶⁾	Total outstandings includes auto and specialty lending loans of $48.9 billion, unsecured consumer lending loans of $585 million, U.S. securities-based lending loans of $40.1 billion, non-U.S. consumer loans of $3.0 billion, student loans of $497 million and other consumer loans of $1.1 billion.


⁽⁷⁾	Total outstandings includes consumer finance loans of $465 million, consumer leases of $1.9 billion and consumer overdrafts of $157 million.


⁽⁸⁾	Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option were residential mortgage loans of $710 million and home equity loans of $341 million. Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option were U.S. commercial loans of $2.9 billion and non-U.S. commercial loans of $3.1 billion. For additional information, see Note 20 – Fair Value Measurements and Note 21 – Fair Value Option.


⁽⁹⁾	Total outstandings includes U.S. commercial real estate loans of $54.3 billion and non-U.S. commercial real estate loans of $3.1 billion.


⁽¹⁰⁾	Includes non-U.S. credit card loans, which are included in assets of business held for sale on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.


⁽¹¹⁾	The Corporation pledged $143.1 billion of loans to secure potential borrowing capacity with the Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB). This amount is not included in the parenthetical disclosure of loans and leases pledged as collateral on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as there were no related outstanding borrowings.




	December 31, 2015
(Dollars in millions)	30-59 Days Past Due ⁽¹⁾			60-89 Days Past Due ⁽¹⁾			90 Days or More Past Due ⁽²⁾			Total Past Due 30 Days or More			Total Current or Less Than 30 Days Past Due ⁽³⁾			Purchased Credit-impaired ⁽⁴⁾			Loans Accounted for Under the Fair Value Option			Total Outstandings
Consumer real estate
Core portfolio
Residential mortgage	$	1,214		$	368		$	1,414		$	2,996		$	138,799								$	141,795
Home equity	200			93			579			872			54,045									54,917
Non-core portfolio
Residential mortgage ⁽⁵⁾	2,045			1,167			8,439			11,651			22,399			$	12,066					46,116
Home equity	335			174			1,170			1,679			14,733			4,619						21,031
Credit card and other consumer
U.S. credit card	454			332			789			1,575			88,027									89,602
Non-U.S. credit card	39			31			76			146			9,829									9,975
Direct/Indirect consumer ⁽⁶⁾	227			62			42			331			88,464									88,795
Other consumer ⁽⁷⁾	18			3			4			25			2,042									2,067
Total consumer	4,532			2,230			12,513			19,275			418,338			16,685						454,298
Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option ⁽⁸⁾																			$	1,871		1,871
Total consumer loans and leases	4,532			2,230			12,513			19,275			418,338			16,685			1,871			456,169
Commercial
U.S. commercial	444			148			332			924			251,847									252,771
Commercial real estate ⁽⁹⁾	36			11			82			129			57,070									57,199
Commercial lease financing	150			29			20			199			21,153									21,352
Non-U.S. commercial	6			1			1			8			91,541									91,549
U.S. small business commercial	83			41			72			196			12,680									12,876
Total commercial	719			230			507			1,456			434,291									435,747
Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option ⁽⁸⁾																			5,067			5,067
Total commercial loans and leases	719			230			507			1,456			434,291						5,067			440,814
Total loans and leases⁽¹⁰⁾	$	5,251		$	2,460		$	13,020		$	20,731		$	852,629		$	16,685		$	6,938		$	896,983
Percentage of outstandings	0.59		%	0.27		%	1.45		%	2.31		%	95.06		%	1.86		%	0.77		%	100.00		%


⁽¹⁾	Consumer real estate loans 30-59 days past due includes fully-insured loans of $1.7 billion and nonperforming loans of $379 million. Consumer real estate loans 60-89 days past due includes fully-insured loans of $1.0 billion and nonperforming loans of $297 million.


⁽²⁾	Consumer real estate includes fully-insured loans of $7.2 billion.


⁽³⁾	Consumer real estate includes $3.0 billion and direct/indirect consumer includes $21 million of nonperforming loans.


⁽⁴⁾	PCI loan amounts are shown gross of the valuation allowance.


⁽⁵⁾	Total outstandings includes pay option loans of $2.3 billion. The Corporation no longer originates this product.


⁽⁶⁾	Total outstandings includes auto and specialty lending loans of $42.6 billion, unsecured consumer lending loans of $886 million, U.S. securities-based lending loans of $39.8 billion, non-U.S. consumer loans of $3.9 billion, student loans of $564 million and other consumer loans of $1.0 billion.


⁽⁷⁾	Total outstandings includes consumer finance loans of $564 million, consumer leases of $1.4 billion and consumer overdrafts of $146 million.


⁽⁸⁾	Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option were residential mortgage loans of $1.6 billion and home equity loans of $250 million. Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option were U.S. commercial loans of $2.3 billion and non-U.S. commercial loans of $2.8 billion. For additional information, see Note 20 – Fair Value Measurements and Note 21 – Fair Value Option.


⁽⁹⁾	Total outstandings includes U.S. commercial real estate loans of $53.6 billion and non-U.S. commercial real estate loans of $3.5 billion.


⁽¹⁰⁾	The Corporation pledged $149.4 billion of loans to secure potential borrowing capacity with the Federal Reserve Bank and FHLB. This amount is not included in the parenthetical disclosure of loans and leases pledged as collateral on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as there were no related outstanding borrowings.

In connection with an agreement to sell the Corporation's non-U.S. consumer credit card business, this business, which includes $9.2 billion of non-U.S. credit card loans and related allowance for loan and lease losses of $243 million, was reclassified to assets of business held for sale on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2016. In this Note, all applicable amounts include these balances, unless otherwise noted. For more information, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles.

The Corporation categorizes consumer real estate loans as core and non-core based on loan and customer characteristics such as origination date, product type, LTV, FICO score and delinquency status consistent with its current consumer and mortgage servicing strategy. Generally, loans that were originated after January 1, 2010, qualified under government-sponsored enterprise underwriting guidelines, or otherwise met the Corporation's underwriting guidelines in place in 2015 are characterized as core loans. Loans held in legacy private-label securitizations, government-insured loans originated prior to 2010, loan products no longer originated, and loans originated prior to 2010 and classified as nonperforming or modified in a TDR prior to 2016 are generally characterized as non-core loans, and are principally run-off portfolios.

The Corporation has entered into long-term credit protection agreements with FNMA and FHLMC on loans totaling $6.4 billion and $3.7 billion at December 31, 2016 and 2015, providing full credit protection on residential mortgage loans that become severely delinquent. All of these loans are individually insured and therefore the Corporation does not record an allowance for credit losses related to these loans.

Nonperforming Loans and Leases

The Corporation classifies junior-lien home equity loans as nonperforming when the first-lien loan becomes 90 days past due even if the junior-lien loan is performing. At December 31, 2016 and 2015, $428 million and $484 million of such junior-lien home equity loans were included in nonperforming loans.

The Corporation classifies consumer real estate loans that have been discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy and not reaffirmed by the borrower as TDRs, irrespective of payment history or delinquency status, even if the repayment terms for the loan have not been otherwise modified. The Corporation continues to have a lien on the underlying collateral. At December 31, 2016, nonperforming loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy with no change in repayment terms were $543 million of which $332 million were current on their contractual payments, while $181 million were 90 days or more past due. Of the contractually current nonperforming loans, approximately 81 percent were discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy over 12 months ago, and approximately 70 percent were discharged 24 months or more ago.

During 2016, the Corporation sold nonperforming and other delinquent consumer real estate loans with a carrying value of $2.2 billion, including $549 million of PCI loans, compared to $3.2 billion, including $1.4 billion of PCI loans, in 2015. The Corporation recorded net charge-offs related to these sales of $30 million during 2016 and net recoveries of $133 million during 2015. Gains related to these sales of $75 million and $173 million were recorded in other income in the Consolidated Statement of Income during 2016 and 2015.

The table below presents the Corporation’s nonperforming loans and leases including nonperforming TDRs, and loans accruing past due 90 days or more at December 31, 2016 and 2015. Nonperforming LHFS are excluded from nonperforming loans and leases as they are recorded at either fair value or the lower of cost or fair value. For more information on the criteria for classification as nonperforming, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles.




Credit Quality

	December 31
	Nonperforming Loans and Leases				Accruing Past Due 90 Days or More
(Dollars in millions)	2016		2015		2016		2015
Consumer real estate
Core portfolio
Residential mortgage ⁽¹⁾	$	1,274	$	1,825	$	486	$	382
Home equity	969		974		—		—
Non-core portfolio
Residential mortgage⁽¹⁾	1,782		2,978		4,307		6,768
Home equity	1,949		2,363		—		—
Credit card and other consumer
U.S. credit card	n/a		n/a		782		789
Non-U.S. credit card	n/a		n/a		66		76
Direct/Indirect consumer	28		24		34		39
Other consumer	2		1		4		3
Total consumer	6,004		8,165		5,679		8,057
Commercial
U.S. commercial	1,256		867		106		113
Commercial real estate	72		93		7		3
Commercial lease financing	36		12		19		15
Non-U.S. commercial	279		158		5		1
U.S. small business commercial	60		82		71		61
Total commercial	1,703		1,212		208		193
Total loans and leases	$	7,707	$	9,377	$	5,887	$	8,250

⁽¹⁾

Residential mortgage loans in the core and non-core portfolios accruing past due 90 days or more are fully-insured loans. At December 31, 2016 and 2015, residential mortgage includes $3.0 billion and $4.3 billion of loans on which interest has been curtailed by the FHA, and therefore are no longer accruing interest, although principal is still insured, and $1.8 billion and $2.9 billion of loans on which interest is still accruing.

n/a = not applicable

Credit Quality Indicators

The Corporation monitors credit quality within its Consumer Real Estate, Credit Card and Other Consumer, and Commercial portfolio segments based on primary credit quality indicators. For more information on the portfolio segments, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles. Within the Consumer Real Estate portfolio segment, the primary credit quality indicators are refreshed LTV and refreshed FICO score. Refreshed LTV measures the carrying value of the loan as a percentage of the value of the property securing the loan, refreshed quarterly. Home equity loans are evaluated using CLTV which measures the carrying value of the Corporation’s loan and available line of credit combined with any outstanding senior liens against the property as a percentage of the value of the property securing the loan, refreshed quarterly. FICO score measures the creditworthiness of the borrower based on the financial obligations of the borrower and the borrower’s credit history. FICO scores are typically refreshed quarterly or more frequently. Certain borrowers (e.g., borrowers that have had debts discharged in a bankruptcy proceeding) may not have their FICO scores updated. FICO scores are also a primary credit quality indicator for the Credit Card and Other Consumer portfolio segment and the business card portfolio within U.S. small business commercial. Within the Commercial portfolio segment, loans are evaluated using the internal classifications of pass rated or reservable criticized as the primary credit quality indicators. The term reservable criticized refers to those commercial loans that are internally classified or listed by the Corporation as Special Mention, Substandard or Doubtful, which are asset quality categories defined by regulatory authorities. These assets have an elevated level of risk and may have a high probability of default or total loss. Pass rated refers to all loans not considered reservable criticized. In addition to these primary credit quality indicators, the Corporation uses other credit quality indicators for certain types of loans.

The following tables present certain credit quality indicators for the Corporation’s Consumer Real Estate, Credit Card and Other Consumer, and Commercial portfolio segments, by class of financing receivables, at December 31, 2016 and 2015.




Consumer Real Estate – Credit Quality Indicators ⁽¹⁾

	December 31, 2016
(Dollars in millions)	Core Portfolio Residential Mortgage ⁽²⁾		Non-core Residential Mortgage ⁽²⁾		Residential Mortgage PCI ⁽³⁾		Core Portfolio Home Equity ⁽²⁾		Non-core Home Equity ⁽²⁾		Home Equity PCI
Refreshed LTV⁽⁴⁾
Less than or equal to 90 percent	$	129,737	$	14,280	$	7,811	$	47,171	$	8,480	$	1,942
Greater than 90 percent but less than or equal to 100 percent	3,634		1,446		1,021		1,006		1,668		630
Greater than 100 percent	1,872		1,972		1,295		1,196		3,311		1,039
Fully-insured loans ⁽⁵⁾	21,254		7,475		—		—		—		—
Total consumer real estate	$	156,497	$	25,173	$	10,127	$	49,373	$	13,459	$	3,611
Refreshed FICO score
Less than 620	$	2,479	$	3,198	$	2,741	$	1,254	$	2,692	$	559
Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 680	5,094		2,807		2,241		2,853		3,094		636
Greater than or equal to 680 and less than 740	22,629		4,512		2,916		10,069		3,176		1,069
Greater than or equal to 740	105,041		7,181		2,229		35,197		4,497		1,347
Fully-insured loans ⁽⁵⁾	21,254		7,475		—		—		—		—
Total consumer real estate	$	156,497	$	25,173	$	10,127	$	49,373	$	13,459	$	3,611


⁽¹⁾	Excludes $1.1 billion of loans accounted for under the fair value option.


⁽²⁾	Excludes PCI loans.


⁽³⁾	Includes $1.6 billion of pay option loans. The Corporation no longer originates this product.


⁽⁴⁾	Refreshed LTV percentages for PCI loans are calculated using the carrying value net of the related valuation allowance.


⁽⁵⁾	Credit quality indicators are not reported for fully-insured loans as principal repayment is insured.




Credit Card and Other Consumer – Credit Quality Indicators

	December 31, 2016
(Dollars in millions)	U.S. Credit Card		Non-U.S. Credit Card		Direct/Indirect Consumer		Other Consumer ⁽¹⁾
Refreshed FICO score
Less than 620	$	4,431	$	—	$	1,478	$	187
Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 680	12,364		—		2,070		222
Greater than or equal to 680 and less than 740	34,828		—		12,491		404
Greater than or equal to 740	40,655		—		33,420		1,525
Other internal credit metrics ^{(2, 3, 4)}	—		9,214		44,630		161
Total credit card and other consumer	$	92,278	$	9,214	$	94,089	$	2,499


⁽¹⁾	At December 31, 2016, 19 percent of the other consumer portfolio is associated with portfolios from certain consumer finance businesses that the Corporation previously exited.


⁽²⁾	Other internal credit metrics may include delinquency status, geography or other factors.


⁽³⁾	Direct/indirect consumer includes $43.1 billion of securities-based lending which is overcollateralized and therefore has minimal credit risk and $499 million of loans the Corporation no longer originates, primarily student loans.


⁽⁴⁾	Non-U.S. credit card represents the U.K. credit card portfolio which is evaluated using internal credit metrics, including delinquency status. At December 31, 2016, 98 percent of this portfolio was current or less than 30 days past due, one percent was 30-89 days past due and one percent was 90 days or more past due.




Commercial – Credit Quality Indicators ⁽¹⁾

	December 31, 2016
(Dollars in millions)	U.S. Commercial		Commercial Real Estate		Commercial Lease Financing		Non-U.S. Commercial		U.S. Small Business Commercial ⁽²⁾
Risk ratings
Pass rated	$	261,214	$	56,957	$	21,565	$	85,689	$	453
Reservable criticized	9,158		398		810		3,708		71
Refreshed FICO score ⁽³⁾
Less than 620									200
Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 680									591
Greater than or equal to 680 and less than 740									1,741
Greater than or equal to 740									3,264
Other internal credit metrics ^{(3, 4)}									6,673
Total commercial	$	270,372	$	57,355	$	22,375	$	89,397	$	12,993


⁽¹⁾	Excludes $6.0 billion of loans accounted for under the fair value option.


⁽²⁾	U.S. small business commercial includes $755 million of criticized business card and small business loans which are evaluated using refreshed FICO scores or internal credit metrics, including delinquency status, rather than risk ratings. At December 31, 2016, 98 percent of the balances where internal credit metrics are used was current or less than 30 days past due.


⁽³⁾	Refreshed FICO score and other internal credit metrics are applicable only to the U.S. small business commercial portfolio.


⁽⁴⁾	Other internal credit metrics may include delinquency status, application scores, geography or other factors.




Consumer Real Estate – Credit Quality Indicators ⁽¹⁾

	December 31, 2015
(Dollars in millions)	Core Portfolio Residential Mortgage ⁽²⁾		Non-core Residential Mortgage ⁽²⁾		Residential Mortgage PCI ⁽³⁾		Core Portfolio Home Equity ⁽²⁾		Non-core Home Equity ⁽²⁾		Home Equity PCI
Refreshed LTV ⁽⁴⁾
Less than or equal to 90 percent	$	110,023	$	16,481	$	8,655	$	51,262	$	8,347	$	2,003
Greater than 90 percent but less than or equal to 100 percent	4,038		2,224		1,403		1,858		2,190		852
Greater than 100 percent	2,638		3,364		2,008		1,797		5,875		1,764
Fully-insured loans ⁽⁵⁾	25,096		11,981		—		—		—		—
Total consumer real estate	$	141,795	$	34,050	$	12,066	$	54,917	$	16,412	$	4,619
Refreshed FICO score
Less than 620	$	3,129	$	4,749	$	3,798	$	1,322	$	3,490	$	729
Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 680	5,472		3,762		2,586		3,295		3,862		825
Greater than or equal to 680 and less than 740	22,486		5,138		3,187		12,180		3,451		1,356
Greater than or equal to 740	85,612		8,420		2,495		38,120		5,609		1,709
Fully-insured loans ⁽⁵⁾	25,096		11,981		—		—		—		—
Total consumer real estate	$	141,795	$	34,050	$	12,066	$	54,917	$	16,412	$	4,619


⁽¹⁾	Excludes $1.9 billion of loans accounted for under the fair value option.


⁽²⁾	Excludes PCI loans.


⁽³⁾	Includes $2.0 billion of pay option loans. The Corporation no longer originates this product.


⁽⁴⁾	Refreshed LTV percentages for PCI loans are calculated using the carrying value net of the related valuation allowance.


⁽⁵⁾	Credit quality indicators are not reported for fully-insured loans as principal repayment is insured.




Credit Card and Other Consumer – Credit Quality Indicators

	December 31, 2015
(Dollars in millions)	U.S. Credit Card		Non-U.S. Credit Card		Direct/Indirect Consumer		Other Consumer ⁽¹⁾
Refreshed FICO score
Less than 620	$	4,196	$	—	$	1,244	$	217
Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 680	11,857		—		1,698		214
Greater than or equal to 680 and less than 740	34,270		—		10,955		337
Greater than or equal to 740	39,279		—		29,581		1,149
Other internal credit metrics ^{(2, 3, 4)}	—		9,975		45,317		150
Total credit card and other consumer	$	89,602	$	9,975	$	88,795	$	2,067


⁽¹⁾	At December 31, 2015, 27 percent of the other consumer portfolio is associated with portfolios from certain consumer finance businesses that the Corporation previously exited.


⁽²⁾	Other internal credit metrics may include delinquency status, geography or other factors.


⁽³⁾	Direct/indirect consumer includes $43.7 billion of securities-based lending which is overcollateralized and therefore has minimal credit risk and $567 million of loans the Corporation no longer originates, primarily student loans.


⁽⁴⁾	Non-U.S. credit card represents the U.K. credit card portfolio which is evaluated using internal credit metrics, including delinquency status. At December 31, 2015, 98 percent of this portfolio was current or less than 30 days past due, one percent was 30-89 days past due and one percent was 90 days or more past due.




Commercial – Credit Quality Indicators ⁽¹⁾

	December 31, 2015
(Dollars in millions)	U.S. Commercial		Commercial Real Estate		Commercial Lease Financing		Non-U.S. Commercial		U.S. Small Business Commercial ⁽²⁾
Risk ratings
Pass rated	$	243,922	$	56,688	$	20,644	$	87,905	$	571
Reservable criticized	8,849		511		708		3,644		96
Refreshed FICO score ⁽³⁾
Less than 620									184
Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 680									543
Greater than or equal to 680 and less than 740									1,627
Greater than or equal to 740									3,027
Other internal credit metrics ^{(3, 4)}									6,828
Total commercial	$	252,771	$	57,199	$	21,352	$	91,549	$	12,876


⁽¹⁾	Excludes $5.1 billion of loans accounted for under the fair value option.


⁽²⁾	U.S. small business commercial includes $670 million of criticized business card and small business loans which are evaluated using refreshed FICO scores or internal credit metrics, including delinquency status, rather than risk ratings. At December 31, 2015, 98 percent of the balances where internal credit metrics are used was current or less than 30 days past due.


⁽³⁾	Refreshed FICO score and other internal credit metrics are applicable only to the U.S. small business commercial portfolio.


⁽⁴⁾	Other internal credit metrics may include delinquency status, application scores, geography or other factors.

Impaired Loans and Troubled Debt Restructurings

A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information, it is probable that the Corporation will be unable to collect all amounts due from the borrower in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan. Impaired loans include nonperforming commercial loans and all consumer and commercial TDRs. Impaired loans exclude nonperforming consumer loans and nonperforming commercial leases unless they are classified as TDRs. Loans accounted for under the fair value option are also excluded. PCI loans are excluded and reported separately on page 156. For additional information, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles.

Consumer Real Estate

Impaired consumer real estate loans within the Consumer Real Estate portfolio segment consist entirely of TDRs. Excluding PCI loans, most modifications of consumer real estate loans meet the definition of TDRs when a binding offer is extended to a borrower. Modifications of consumer real estate loans are done in accordance with the government’s Making Home Affordable Program (modifications under government programs) or the Corporation’s proprietary programs (modifications under proprietary programs). These modifications are considered to be TDRs if concessions have been granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties. Concessions may include reductions in interest rates, capitalization of past due amounts, principal and/or interest forbearance, payment extensions, principal and/or interest forgiveness, or combinations thereof.

Prior to permanently modifying a loan, the Corporation may enter into trial modifications with certain borrowers under both government and proprietary programs. Trial modifications generally represent a three- to four-month period during which the borrower makes monthly payments under the anticipated modified payment terms. Upon successful completion of the trial period, the Corporation and the borrower enter into a permanent modification. Binding trial modifications are classified as TDRs when the trial offer is made and continue to be classified as TDRs regardless of whether the borrower enters into a permanent modification.

Consumer real estate loans that have been discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy with no change in repayment terms and not reaffirmed by the borrower of $1.4 billion were included in TDRs at December 31, 2016, of which $543 million were classified as nonperforming and $555 million were loans fully-insured by the FHA. For more information on loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy, see Nonperforming Loans and Leases in this Note.

Consumer real estate TDRs are measured primarily based on the net present value of the estimated cash flows discounted at the loan’s original effective interest rate. If the carrying value of a TDR exceeds this amount, a specific allowance is recorded as a component of the allowance for loan and lease losses. Alternatively, consumer real estate TDRs that are considered to be dependent solely on the collateral for repayment (e.g., due to the lack of income verification) are measured based on the estimated fair value of the collateral and a charge-off is recorded if the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the collateral. Consumer real estate loans that reached 180 days past due prior to modification had been charged off to their net realizable value, less costs to sell, before they were modified as TDRs in accordance with established policy. Therefore, modifications of consumer real estate loans that are 180 or more days past due as TDRs do not have an impact on the allowance for loan and lease losses nor are additional charge-offs required at the time of modification. Subsequent declines in the fair value of the collateral after a loan has reached 180 days past due are recorded as charge-offs. Fully-insured loans are protected against principal loss, and therefore, the Corporation does not record an allowance for loan and lease losses on the outstanding principal balance, even after they have been modified in a TDR.

At December 31, 2016 and 2015, remaining commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whose terms have been modified in a consumer real estate TDR were immaterial. Consumer real estate foreclosed properties totaled $363 million and $444 million at December 31, 2016 and 2015. The carrying value of consumer real estate loans, including fully-insured and PCI loans, for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process as of December 31, 2016 was $4.8 billion. During 2016 and 2015, the Corporation reclassified $1.4 billion and $2.1 billion of consumer real estate loans to foreclosed properties or, for properties acquired upon foreclosure of certain government-guaranteed loans (principally FHA-insured loans), to other assets. The reclassifications represent non-cash investing activities and, accordingly, are not reflected on the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.

The table below provides the unpaid principal balance, carrying value and related allowance at December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the average carrying value and interest income recognized for 2016, 2015 and 2014 for impaired loans in the Corporation’s Consumer Real Estate portfolio segment. Certain impaired consumer real estate loans do not have a related allowance as the current valuation of these impaired loans exceeded the carrying value, which is net of previously recorded charge-offs.




Impaired Loans – Consumer Real Estate

	December 31, 2016						December 31, 2015
(Dollars in millions)	Unpaid Principal Balance		Carrying Value		Related Allowance		Unpaid Principal Balance		Carrying Value		Related Allowance
With no recorded allowance
Residential mortgage	$	11,151	$	8,695	$	—	$	14,888	$	11,901	$	—
Home equity	3,704		1,953		—		3,545		1,775		—
With an allowance recorded
Residential mortgage	$	4,041	$	3,936	$	219	$	6,624	$	6,471	$	399
Home equity	910		824		137		1,047		911		235
Total
Residential mortgage	$	15,192	$	12,631	$	219	$	21,512	$	18,372	$	399
Home equity	4,614		2,777		137		4,592		2,686		235

	2016				2015				2014
	Average Carrying Value		Interest Income Recognized ⁽¹⁾		Average Carrying Value		Interest Income Recognized ⁽¹⁾		Average Carrying Value		Interest Income Recognized ⁽¹⁾
With no recorded allowance
Residential mortgage	$	10,178	$	360	$	13,867	$	403	$	15,065	$	490
Home equity	1,906		90		1,777		89		1,486		87
With an allowance recorded
Residential mortgage	$	5,067	$	167	$	7,290	$	236	$	10,826	$	411
Home equity	852		24		785		24		743		25
Total
Residential mortgage	$	15,245	$	527	$	21,157	$	639	$	25,891	$	901
Home equity	2,758		114		2,562		113		2,229		112


⁽¹⁾	Interest income recognized includes interest accrued and collected on the outstanding balances of accruing impaired loans as well as interest cash collections on nonaccruing impaired loans for which the principal is considered collectible.

The table below presents the December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 unpaid principal balance, carrying value, and average pre- and post-modification interest rates on consumer real estate loans that were modified in TDRs during 2016, 2015 and 2014, and net charge-offs recorded during the period in which the modification occurred. The following Consumer Real Estate portfolio segment tables include loans that were initially classified as TDRs during the period and also loans that had previously been classified as TDRs and were modified again during the period.




Consumer Real Estate – TDRs Entered into During 2016, 2015 and 2014 ⁽¹⁾

	December 31, 2016								2016
(Dollars in millions)	Unpaid Principal Balance		Carrying Value		Pre-Modification Interest Rate		Post-Modification Interest Rate ⁽²⁾		Net Charge-offs ⁽³⁾
Residential mortgage	$	1,130	$	1,017	4.73	%	4.16	%	$	11
Home equity	849		649		3.95		2.72		61
Total	$	1,979	$	1,666	4.40		3.54		$	72

	December 31, 2015								2015
Residential mortgage	$	2,986	$	2,655	4.98	%	4.43	%	$	97
Home equity	1,019		775		3.54		3.17		84
Total	$	4,005	$	3,430	4.61		4.11		$	181

	December 31, 2014								2014
Residential mortgage	$	5,940	$	5,120	5.28	%	4.93	%	$	72
Home equity	863		592		4.00		3.33		99
Total	$	6,803	$	5,712	5.12		4.73		$	171


⁽¹⁾	During 2016, 2015 and 2014, the Corporation forgave principal of $13 million, $396 million and $53 million, respectively, related to residential mortgage loans in connection with TDRs.


⁽²⁾	The post-modification interest rate reflects the interest rate applicable only to permanently completed modifications, which exclude loans that are in a trial modification period.


⁽³⁾	Net charge-offs include amounts recorded on loans modified during the period that are no longer held by the Corporation at December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 due to sales and other dispositions.

The table below presents the December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 carrying value for consumer real estate loans that were modified in a TDR during 2016, 2015 and 2014, by type of modification.




Consumer Real Estate – Modification Programs

	TDRs Entered into During 2016				TDRs Entered into During 2015				TDRs Entered into During 2014
(Dollars in millions)	Residential Mortgage		Home Equity		Residential Mortgage		Home Equity		Residential Mortgage		Home Equity
Modifications under government programs
Contractual interest rate reduction	$	116	$	35	$	408	$	23	$	643	$	56
Principal and/or interest forbearance	2		11		4		7		16		18
Other modifications ⁽¹⁾	22		1		46		—		98		1
Total modifications under government programs	140		47		458		30		757		75
Modifications under proprietary programs
Contractual interest rate reduction	84		151		191		28		244		22
Capitalization of past due amounts	24		16		69		10		71		2
Principal and/or interest forbearance	10		62		124		44		66		75
Other modifications⁽¹⁾	4		71		34		95		40		47
Total modifications under proprietary programs	122		300		418		177		421		146
Trial modifications	597		234		1,516		452		3,421		182
Loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy ⁽²⁾	158		68		263		116		521		189
Total modifications	$	1,017	$	649	$	2,655	$	775	$	5,120	$	592


⁽¹⁾	Includes other modifications such as term or payment extensions and repayment plans.


⁽²⁾	Includes loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy with no change in repayment terms that are classified as TDRs.

The table below presents the carrying value of consumer real estate loans that entered into payment default during 2016, 2015 and 2014 that were modified in a TDR during the 12 months preceding payment default. A payment default for consumer real estate TDRs is recognized when a borrower has missed three monthly payments (not necessarily consecutively) since modification. Payment defaults on a trial modification where the borrower has not yet met the terms of the agreement are included in the table below if the borrower is 90 days or more past due three months after the offer to modify is made.




Consumer Real Estate – TDRs Entering Payment Default That Were Modified During the Preceding 12 Months ⁽¹⁾

	2016				2015				2014
(Dollars in millions)	Residential Mortgage		Home Equity		Residential Mortgage		Home Equity		Residential Mortgage		Home Equity
Modifications under government programs	$	259	$	3	$	452	$	5	$	696	$	4
Modifications under proprietary programs	133		63		263		24		714		12
Loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy ⁽²⁾	136		22		238		47		481		70
Trial modifications ⁽³⁾	714		110		2,997		181		2,231		56
Total modifications	$	1,242	$	198	$	3,950	$	257	$	4,122	$	142


⁽¹⁾	Includes loans with a carrying value of $613 million, $1.8 billion and $2.0 billion that entered into payment default during 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, but were no longer held by the Corporation as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 due to sales and other dispositions.


⁽²⁾	Includes loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy with no change in repayment terms that are classified as TDRs.


⁽³⁾	Includes trial modification offers to which the customer did not respond.

Credit Card and Other Consumer

Impaired loans within the Credit Card and Other Consumer portfolio segment consist entirely of loans that have been modified in TDRs. The Corporation seeks to assist customers that are experiencing financial difficulty by modifying loans while ensuring compliance with federal, local and international laws and guidelines. Credit card and other consumer loan modifications generally involve reducing the interest rate on the account and placing the customer on a fixed payment plan not exceeding 60 months, all of which are considered TDRs. In addition, the accounts of non-U.S. credit card customers who do not qualify for a fixed payment plan may have their interest rates reduced, as required by certain local jurisdictions. These modifications, which are also TDRs, tend to experience higher payment default rates given that the borrowers may lack the ability to repay even with the interest rate reduction. In substantially all cases, the customer’s available line of credit is canceled. The Corporation makes loan modifications directly with borrowers for debt held only by the Corporation (internal programs). Additionally, the Corporation makes loan modifications for borrowers working with third-party renegotiation agencies that provide solutions to customers’ entire unsecured debt structures (external programs). The Corporation classifies other secured consumer loans that have been discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy as TDRs which are written down to collateral value and placed on nonaccrual status no later than the time of discharge. For more information on the regulatory guidance on loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy, see Nonperforming Loans and Leases in this Note.




Impaired Loans – Credit Card and Other Consumer

	December 31, 2016						December 31, 2015
(Dollars in millions)	Unpaid Principal Balance		Carrying Value ⁽¹⁾		Related Allowance		Unpaid Principal Balance		Carrying Value ⁽¹⁾		Related Allowance
With no recorded allowance
Direct/Indirect consumer	$	49	$	22	$	—	$	50	$	21	$	—
With an allowance recorded
U.S. credit card	$	479	$	485	$	128	$	598	$	611	$	176
Non-U.S. credit card	88		100		61		109		126		70
Direct/Indirect consumer	3		3		—		17		21		4
Total
U.S. credit card	$	479	$	485	$	128	$	598	$	611	$	176
Non-U.S. credit card	88		100		61		109		126		70
Direct/Indirect consumer	52		25		—		67		42		4

	2016				2015				2014
	Average Carrying Value		Interest Income Recognized ⁽²⁾		Average Carrying Value		Interest Income Recognized ⁽²⁾		Average Carrying Value		Interest Income Recognized ⁽²⁾
With no recorded allowance
Direct/Indirect consumer	$	20	$	—	$	22	$	—	$	27	$	—
Other consumer	—		—		—		—		33		2
With an allowance recorded
U.S. credit card	$	556	$	31	$	749	$	43	$	1,148	$	71
Non-U.S. credit card	111		3		145		4		210		6
Direct/Indirect consumer	10		1		51		3		180		9
Other consumer	—		—		—		—		23		1
Total
U.S. credit card	$	556	$	31	$	749	$	43	$	1,148	$	71
Non-U.S. credit card	111		3		145		4		210		6
Direct/Indirect consumer	30		1		73		3		207		9
Other consumer	—		—		—		—		56		3


⁽¹⁾	Includes accrued interest and fees.


⁽²⁾	Interest income recognized includes interest accrued and collected on the outstanding balances of accruing impaired loans as well as interest cash collections on nonaccruing impaired loans for which the principal is considered collectible.

The table below provides information on the Corporation’s primary modification programs for the Credit Card and Other Consumer TDR portfolio at December 31, 2016 and 2015.




Credit Card and Other Consumer – TDRs by Program Type

	December 31
	Internal Programs				External Programs				Other ⁽¹⁾				Total				Percent of Balances Current or Less Than 30 Days Past Due
(Dollars in millions)	2016		2015		2016		2015		2016		2015		2016		2015		2016		2015
U.S. credit card	$	220	$	313	$	264	$	296	$	1	$	2	$	485	$	611	88.99	%	88.74	%
Non-U.S. credit card	11		21		7		10		82		95		100		126		38.47		44.25
Direct/Indirect consumer	2		11		1		7		22		24		25		42		90.49		89.12
Total TDRs by program type	$	233	$	345	$	272	$	313	$	105	$	121	$	610	$	779	80.79		81.55


⁽¹⁾	Other TDRs for non-U.S. credit card include modifications of accounts that are ineligible for a fixed payment plan.

The table below provides information on the Corporation’s Credit Card and Other Consumer TDR portfolio including the December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 unpaid principal balance, carrying value, and average pre- and post-modification interest rates of loans that were modified in TDRs during 2016, 2015 and 2014, and net charge-offs recorded during the period in which the modification occurred.




Credit Card and Other Consumer – TDRs Entered into During 2016, 2015 and 2014

	December 31, 2016								2016
(Dollars in millions)	Unpaid Principal Balance		Carrying Value ⁽¹⁾		Pre-Modification Interest Rate		Post-Modification Interest Rate		Net Charge-offs
U.S. credit card	$	163	$	172	17.54	%	5.47	%	$	15
Non-U.S. credit card	66		75		23.99		0.52		50
Direct/Indirect consumer	21		13		3.44		3.29		9
Total	$	250	$	260	18.73		3.93		$	74

	December 31, 2015								2015
U.S. credit card	$	205	$	218	17.07	%	5.08	%	$	26
Non-U.S. credit card	74		86		24.05		0.53		63
Direct/Indirect consumer	19		12		5.95		5.19		9
Total	$	298	$	316	18.58		3.84		$	98

	December 31, 2014								2014
U.S. credit card	$	276	$	301	16.64	%	5.15	%	$	37
Non-U.S. credit card	91		106		24.90		0.68		91
Direct/Indirect consumer	27		19		8.66		4.90		14
Total	$	394	$	426	18.32		4.03		$	142


⁽¹⁾	Includes accrued interest and fees.

Credit card and other consumer loans are deemed to be in payment default during the quarter in which a borrower misses the second of two consecutive payments. Payment defaults are one of the factors considered when projecting future cash flows in the calculation of the allowance for loan and lease losses for impaired credit card and other consumer loans. Based on historical experience, the Corporation estimates that 13 percent of new U.S. credit card TDRs, 90 percent of new non-U.S. credit card TDRs and 14 percent of new direct/indirect consumer TDRs may be in payment default within 12 months after modification. Loans that entered into payment default during 2016, 2015 and 2014 that had been modified in a TDR during the preceding 12 months were $30 million, $43 million and $56 million for U.S. credit card, $127 million, $152 million and $200 million for non-U.S. credit card, and $2 million, $3 million and $5 million for direct/indirect consumer.

Commercial Loans

Impaired commercial loans include nonperforming loans and TDRs (both performing and nonperforming). Modifications of loans to commercial borrowers that are experiencing financial difficulty are designed to reduce the Corporation’s loss exposure while providing the borrower with an opportunity to work through financial difficulties, often to avoid foreclosure or bankruptcy. Each modification is unique and reflects the individual circumstances of the borrower. Modifications that result in a TDR may include extensions of maturity at a concessionary (below market) rate of interest, payment forbearances or other actions designed to benefit the customer while mitigating the Corporation’s risk exposure. Reductions in interest rates are rare. Instead, the interest rates are typically increased, although the increased rate may not represent a market rate of interest. Infrequently, concessions may also include principal forgiveness in connection with foreclosure, short sale or other settlement agreements leading to termination or sale of the loan.

At the time of restructuring, the loans are remeasured to reflect the impact, if any, on projected cash flows resulting from the modified terms. If there was no forgiveness of principal and the interest rate was not decreased, the modification may have little or no impact on the allowance established for the loan. If a portion of the loan is deemed to be uncollectible, a charge-off may be recorded at the time of restructuring. Alternatively, a charge-off may have already been recorded in a previous period such that no charge-off is required at the time of modification. For more information on modifications for the U.S. small business commercial portfolio, see Credit Card and Other Consumer in this Note.

At December 31, 2016 and 2015, remaining commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whose terms have been modified in a commercial loan TDR were $461 million and $187 million. Commercial foreclosed properties totaled $14 million and $15 million at December 31, 2016 and 2015.

The table below provides the unpaid principal balance, carrying value and related allowance at December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the average carrying value and interest income recognized for 2016, 2015 and 2014 for impaired loans in the Corporation’s Commercial loan portfolio segment. Certain impaired commercial loans do not have a related allowance as the valuation of these impaired loans exceeded the carrying value, which is net of previously recorded charge-offs.




Impaired Loans – Commercial

	December 31, 2016						December 31, 2015
(Dollars in millions)	Unpaid Principal Balance		Carrying Value		Related Allowance		Unpaid Principal Balance		Carrying Value		Related Allowance
With no recorded allowance
U.S. commercial	$	860	$	827	$	—	$	566	$	541	$	—
Commercial real estate	77		71		—		82		77		—
Non-U.S. commercial	130		130		—		4		4		—
With an allowance recorded
U.S. commercial	$	2,018	$	1,569	$	132	$	1,350	$	1,157	$	115
Commercial real estate	243		96		10		328		107		11
Commercial lease financing	6		4		—		—		—		—
Non-U.S. commercial	545		432		104		531		381		56
U.S. small business commercial ⁽¹⁾	85		73		27		105		101		35
Total
U.S. commercial	$	2,878	$	2,396	$	132	$	1,916	$	1,698	$	115
Commercial real estate	320		167		10		410		184		11
Commercial lease financing	6		4		—		—		—		—
Non-U.S. commercial	675		562		104		535		385		56
U.S. small business commercial ⁽¹⁾	85		73		27		105		101		35

	2016				2015				2014
	Average Carrying Value		Interest Income Recognized ⁽²⁾		Average Carrying Value		Interest Income Recognized ⁽²⁾		Average Carrying Value		Interest Income Recognized ⁽²⁾
With no recorded allowance
U.S. commercial	$	787	$	14	$	688	$	14	$	546	$	12
Commercial real estate	67		—		75		1		166		3
Non-U.S. commercial	34		1		29		1		15		—
With an allowance recorded
U.S. commercial	$	1,569	$	59	$	953	$	48	$	1,198	$	51
Commercial real estate	92		4		216		7		632		16
Commercial lease financing	2		—		—		—		—		—
Non-U.S. commercial	409		14		125		7		52		3
U.S. small business commercial ⁽¹⁾	87		1		109		1		151		3
Total
U.S. commercial	$	2,356	$	73	$	1,641	$	62	$	1,744	$	63
Commercial real estate	159		4		291		8		798		19
Commercial lease financing	2		—		—		—		—		—
Non-U.S. commercial	443		15		154		8		67		3
U.S. small business commercial ⁽¹⁾	87		1		109		1		151		3


⁽¹⁾	Includes U.S. small business commercial renegotiated TDR loans and related allowance.


⁽²⁾	Interest income recognized includes interest accrued and collected on the outstanding balances of accruing impaired loans as well as interest cash collections on nonaccruing impaired loans for which the principal is considered collectible.

The table below presents the December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 unpaid principal balance and carrying value of commercial loans that were modified as TDRs during 2016, 2015 and 2014, and net charge-offs that were recorded during the period in which the modification occurred. The table below includes loans that were initially classified as TDRs during the period and also loans that had previously been classified as TDRs and were modified again during the period.




Commercial – TDRs Entered into During 2016, 2015 and 2014

	December 31, 2016				2016
(Dollars in millions)	Unpaid Principal Balance		Carrying Value		Net Charge-offs
U.S. commercial	$	1,556	$	1,482	$	86
Commercial real estate	77		77		1
Commercial lease financing	6		4		2
Non-U.S. commercial	255		253		48
U.S. small business commercial ⁽¹⁾	1		1		—
Total	$	1,895	$	1,817	$	137

	December 31, 2015				2015
U.S. commercial	$	853	$	779	$	28
Commercial real estate	42		42		—
Non-U.S. commercial	329		326		—
U.S. small business commercial ⁽¹⁾	14		11		3
Total	$	1,238	$	1,158	$	31

	December 31, 2014				2014
U.S. commercial	$	818	$	785	$	49
Commercial real estate	346		346		8
Non-U.S. commercial	44		43		—
U.S. small business commercial ⁽¹⁾	3		3		—
Total	$	1,211	$	1,177	$	57


⁽¹⁾	U.S. small business commercial TDRs are comprised of renegotiated small business card loans.

A commercial TDR is generally deemed to be in payment default when the loan is 90 days or more past due, including delinquencies that were not resolved as part of the modification. U.S. small business commercial TDRs are deemed to be in payment default during the quarter in which a borrower misses the second of two consecutive payments. Payment defaults are one of the factors considered when projecting future cash flows, along with observable market prices or fair value of collateral when measuring the allowance for loan and lease losses. TDRs that were in payment default had a carrying value of $140 million, $105 million and $103 million for U.S. commercial and $34 million, $25 million and $211 million for commercial real estate at December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Purchased Credit-impaired Loans

The table below shows activity for the accretable yield on PCI loans, which include the Countrywide Financial Corporation (Countrywide) portfolio and loans repurchased in connection with the 2013 settlement with FNMA. The amount of accretable yield is affected by changes in credit outlooks, including metrics such as default rates and loss severities, prepayment speeds, which can change the amount and period of time over which interest payments are expected to be received, and the interest rates on variable rate loans. The reclassifications from nonaccretable difference during 2016 and 2015 were primarily due to lower expected loss rates and a decrease in the forecasted prepayment speeds. Changes in the prepayment assumption affect the expected remaining life of the portfolio which results in a change to the amount of future interest cash flows.




Rollforward of Accretable Yield

(Dollars in millions)
Accretable yield, January 1, 2015	$	5,608
Accretion	(861		)
Disposals/transfers	(465		)
Reclassifications from nonaccretable difference	287
Accretable yield, December 31, 2015	4,569
Accretion	(722		)
Disposals/transfers	(486		)
Reclassifications from nonaccretable difference	444
Accretable yield, December 31, 2016	$	3,805

During 2016, the Corporation sold PCI loans with a carrying value of $549 million, which excludes the related allowance of $60 million. For more information on PCI loans, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, and for the carrying value and valuation allowance for PCI loans, see Note 5 – Allowance for Credit Losses.

Loans Held-for-sale

The Corporation had LHFS of $9.1 billion and $7.5 billion at December 31, 2016 and 2015. Cash and non-cash proceeds from sales and paydowns of loans originally classified as LHFS were $32.6 billion, $41.2 billion and $40.1 billion for 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Cash used for originations and purchases of LHFS totaled $33.1 billion, $37.9 billion and $39.4 billion for 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.