Annual report pursuant to Section 13 and 15(d)

Securities

v2.4.0.6
Securities
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Securities
Securities
The table below presents the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses in accumulated OCI, and fair value of debt and marketable equity securities at December 31, 2011 and 2010.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in millions)
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value
Available-for-sale debt securities, December 31, 2011
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

U.S. Treasury and agency securities
$
43,433

 
$
242

 
$
(811
)
 
$
42,864

Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Agency
138,073

 
4,511

 
(21
)
 
142,563

Agency collateralized mortgage obligations
44,392

 
774

 
(167
)
 
44,999

Non-agency residential (1)
14,948

 
301

 
(482
)
 
14,767

Non-agency commercial
4,894

 
629

 
(1
)
 
5,522

Non-U.S. securities
4,872

 
62

 
(14
)
 
4,920

Corporate bonds
2,993

 
79

 
(37
)
 
3,035

Other taxable securities, substantially all ABS
12,889

 
49

 
(60
)
 
12,878

Total taxable securities
266,494

 
6,647

 
(1,593
)
 
271,548

Tax-exempt securities
4,678

 
15

 
(90
)
 
4,603

Total available-for-sale debt securities
$
271,172

 
$
6,662

 
$
(1,683
)
 
$
276,151

Held-to-maturity debt securities (2)
35,265

 
181

 
(4
)
 
35,442

Total debt securities
$
306,437

 
$
6,843

 
$
(1,687
)
 
$
311,593

Available-for-sale marketable equity securities (3)
$
65

 
$
10

 
$
(7
)
 
$
68

Available-for-sale debt securities, December 31, 2010
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

U.S. Treasury and agency securities
$
49,413

 
$
604

 
$
(912
)
 
$
49,105

Mortgage-backed securities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Agency
190,409

 
3,048

 
(2,240
)
 
191,217

Agency collateralized mortgage obligations
36,639

 
401

 
(23
)
 
37,017

Non-agency residential (1)
23,458

 
588

 
(929
)
 
23,117

Non-agency commercial
6,167

 
686

 
(1
)
 
6,852

Non-U.S. securities
4,054

 
92

 
(7
)
 
4,139

Corporate bonds
5,157

 
144

 
(10
)
 
5,291

Other taxable securities, substantially all ABS
15,514

 
39

 
(161
)
 
15,392

Total taxable securities
330,811

 
5,602

 
(4,283
)
 
332,130

Tax-exempt securities
5,687

 
32

 
(222
)
 
5,497

Total available-for-sale debt securities
$
336,498

 
$
5,634

 
$
(4,505
)
 
$
337,627

Held-to-maturity debt securities (2)
427

 

 

 
427

Total debt securities
$
336,925

 
$
5,634

 
$
(4,505
)
 
$
338,054

Available-for-sale marketable equity securities (3)
$
8,650

 
$
10,628

 
$
(13
)
 
$
19,265

(1) 
At December 31, 2011 and 2010, includes approximately 89 percent and 90 percent prime bonds, nine percent and eight percent Alt-A bonds and two percent subprime bonds.
(2) 
Substantially all U.S. agency securities.
(3) 
Classified in other assets on the Corporation’s Consolidated Balance Sheet.

At December 31, 2011, the accumulated net unrealized gains on AFS debt securities included in accumulated OCI were $3.1 billion, net of the related income tax expense of $1.9 billion. At December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Corporation had nonperforming AFS debt securities of $140 million and $44 million.
The Corporation recorded OTTI losses on AFS debt securities for 2011 and 2010 as presented in the table below. A debt security is impaired when its fair value is less than its amortized cost. If the Corporation intends or will more-likely-than-not be required to sell the debt securities prior to recovery, the entire impairment is recorded in the Consolidated Statement of Income. For debt securities the Corporation does not intend or will not more-likely-than-not be required to sell, an analysis is performed to determine if any of the impairment is due to credit or whether it is due to other factors (e.g., interest rate). Credit losses are considered unrecoverable and are recorded in the Consolidated Statement of Income with the remaining unrealized losses recorded in accumulated OCI. In certain instances, the credit loss on a debt security may exceed the total impairment, in which case, the portion of the credit loss that exceeds the total impairment is recorded as an unrealized gain in accumulated OCI. Balances in the table below exclude $9 million and $51 million of unrealized gains recorded in accumulated OCI related to these securities for 2011 and 2010.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Impairment Losses Recognized in Earnings
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2011
(Dollars in millions)
Non-agency
Residential
MBS
 
Non-agency
Commercial
MBS
 
Non-U.S.
Securities
 
Corporate
Bonds
 
Other
Taxable
Securities
 
Total
Total OTTI losses (unrealized and realized)
$
(348
)
 
$
(10
)
 
$

 
$

 
$
(2
)
 
$
(360
)
Unrealized OTTI losses recognized in accumulated OCI
61

 

 

 

 

 
61

Net impairment losses recognized in earnings
$
(287
)
 
$
(10
)
 
$

 
$

 
$
(2
)
 
$
(299
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2010
Total OTTI losses (unrealized and realized)
$
(1,305
)
 
$
(19
)
 
$
(276
)
 
$
(6
)
 
$
(568
)
 
$
(2,174
)
Unrealized OTTI losses recognized in accumulated OCI
817

 
15

 
16

 
2

 
357

 
1,207

Net impairment losses recognized in earnings
$
(488
)
 
$
(4
)
 
$
(260
)
 
$
(4
)
 
$
(211
)
 
$
(967
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2009
Total OTTI losses (unrealized and realized)
$
(2,240
)
 
$
(6
)
 
$
(360
)
 
$
(87
)
 
$
(815
)
 
$
(3,508
)
Unrealized OTTI losses recognized in accumulated OCI
672

 

 

 

 

 
672

Net impairment losses recognized in earnings
$
(1,568
)
 
$
(6
)
 
$
(360
)
 
$
(87
)
 
$
(815
)
 
$
(2,836
)


The Corporation’s net impairment losses recognized in earnings consist of write-downs to fair value on AFS securities the Corporation has the intent to sell or will more-likely-than-not be required to sell and credit losses recognized on AFS and HTM securities the Corporation does not have the intent to sell or will not more-likely-than-not be required to sell. The table below presents a rollforward of credit losses recognized in earnings on AFS debt securities these losses as of December 31, 2011 and 2010 that the Corporation does not have the intent to sell or will not more-likely-than-not be required to sell.
 
 
 
 
Rollforward of Credit Losses Recognized
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in millions)
2011
 
2010
Balance, January 1
$
2,148

 
$
3,155

Additions for credit losses recognized on debt securities that had no previous impairment losses
72

 
487

Additions for credit losses recognized on debt securities that had previously incurred impairment losses
149

 
421

Reductions for debt securities sold or intended to be sold
(2,059
)
 
(1,915
)
Balance, December 31
$
310

 
$
2,148



The Corporation estimates the portion of loss attributable to credit using a discounted cash flow model and estimates the expected cash flows of the underlying collateral using internal credit, interest rate and prepayment risk models that incorporate management’s best estimate of current key assumptions such as default rates, loss severity and prepayment rates. Assumptions used can vary widely from loan to loan and are influenced by such factors as loan interest rate, geographical location of the borrower, borrower characteristics and collateral type. The Corporation then determines how the underlying collateral cash flows will be distributed to each security issued from the structure. Expected principal and interest cash flows on an impaired AFS debt security are discounted using the effective yield of each individual impaired AFS debt security.
Significant assumptions used in the valuation of non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS) were as follows at December 31, 2011.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Significant Valuation Assumptions
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Range (1)
 
Weighted-
average
 
10th
Percentile (2)
 
90th
Percentile (2)
Prepayment speed
10
%
 
3
%
 
22
%
Loss severity
49

 
15

 
62

Life default rate
50

 
2

 
100

(1) 
Represents the range of inputs/assumptions based upon the underlying collateral.
(2) 
The value of a variable below which the indicated percentile of observations will fall.

Additionally, annual constant prepayment speed and loss severity rates are projected considering collateral characteristics such as LTV, creditworthiness of borrowers as measured using FICO scores and geographic concentrations. The weighted-average severity by collateral type was 43 percent for prime bonds, 50 percent for Alt-A bonds and 60 percent for subprime bonds at December 31, 2011. Additionally, default rates are projected by considering collateral characteristics including, but not limited to LTV, FICO and geographic concentration. Weighted-average life default rates by collateral type were 36 percent for prime bonds, 62 percent for Alt-A bonds and 72 percent for subprime bonds at December 31, 2011.

The table below presents the fair value and the associated gross unrealized losses on AFS securities with gross unrealized losses at December 31, 2011 and 2010, and whether these securities have had gross unrealized losses for less than twelve months or for twelve months or longer.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Temporarily impaired and Other-than-temporarily Impaired Securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Less than Twelve Months
 
Twelve Months or Longer
 
Total
(Dollars in millions)
Fair Value
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
Temporarily impaired available-for-sale debt securities at December 31, 2011
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

U.S. Treasury and agency securities
$

 
$

 
$
38,269

 
$
(811
)
 
$
38,269

 
$
(811
)
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency
4,679

 
(13
)
 
474

 
(8
)
 
5,153

 
(21
)
Agency collateralized mortgage obligations
11,448

 
(134
)
 
976

 
(33
)
 
12,424

 
(167
)
Non-agency residential
2,112

 
(59
)
 
3,950

 
(350
)
 
6,062

 
(409
)
Non-agency commercial
55

 
(1
)
 

 

 
55

 
(1
)
Non-U.S. securities
1,008

 
(13
)
 
165

 
(1
)
 
1,173

 
(14
)
Corporate bonds
415

 
(29
)
 
111

 
(8
)
 
526

 
(37
)
Other taxable securities
4,210

 
(41
)
 
1,361

 
(19
)
 
5,571

 
(60
)
Total taxable securities
$
23,927

 
$
(290
)
 
$
45,306

 
$
(1,230
)
 
$
69,233

 
$
(1,520
)
Tax-exempt securities
1,117

 
(25
)
 
2,754

 
(65
)
 
3,871

 
(90
)
Total temporarily impaired available-for-sale debt securities
25,044

 
(315
)
 
48,060

 
(1,295
)
 
73,104

 
(1,610
)
Temporarily impaired available-for-sale marketable equity securities
31

 
(1
)
 
6

 
(6
)
 
37

 
(7
)
Total temporarily impaired available-for-sale securities
25,075

 
(316
)
 
48,066

 
(1,301
)
 
73,141

 
(1,617
)
Other-than-temporarily impaired available-for-sale debt securities (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities
158

 
(28
)
 
489

 
(45
)
 
647

 
(73
)
Total temporarily impaired and other-than-temporarily impaired securities (2)
$
25,233

 
$
(344
)
 
$
48,555

 
$
(1,346
)
 
$
73,788

 
$
(1,690
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Temporarily impaired available-for-sale debt securities at December 31, 2010
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury and agency securities
$
27,384

 
$
(763
)
 
$
2,382

 
$
(149
)
 
$
29,766

 
$
(912
)
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency
85,517

 
(2,240
)
 

 

 
85,517

 
(2,240
)
Agency collateralized mortgage obligations
3,220

 
(23
)
 

 

 
3,220

 
(23
)
Non-agency residential
6,385

 
(205
)
 
2,245

 
(274
)
 
8,630

 
(479
)
Non-agency commercial
47

 
(1
)
 

 

 
47

 
(1
)
Non-U.S. securities

 

 
70

 
(7
)
 
70

 
(7
)
Corporate bonds
465

 
(9
)
 
22

 
(1
)
 
487

 
(10
)
Other taxable securities
3,414

 
(38
)
 
46

 
(7
)
 
3,460

 
(45
)
Total taxable securities
$
126,432

 
$
(3,279
)
 
$
4,765

 
$
(438
)
 
$
131,197

 
$
(3,717
)
Tax-exempt securities
2,325

 
(95
)
 
568

 
(119
)
 
2,893

 
(214
)
Total temporarily impaired available-for-sale debt securities
128,757

 
(3,374
)
 
5,333

 
(557
)
 
134,090

 
(3,931
)
Temporarily impaired available-for-sale marketable equity securities
7

 
(2
)
 
19

 
(11
)
 
26

 
(13
)
Total temporarily impaired available-for-sale securities
128,764

 
(3,376
)
 
5,352

 
(568
)
 
134,116

 
(3,944
)
Other-than-temporarily impaired available-for-sale debt securities (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-agency residential
128

 
(11
)
 
530

 
(439
)
 
658

 
(450
)
Other taxable securities

 

 
223

 
(116
)
 
223

 
(116
)
Tax-exempt securities
68

 
(8
)
 

 

 
68

 
(8
)
Total temporarily impaired and other-than-temporarily impaired securities (2)
$
128,960

 
$
(3,395
)
 
$
6,105

 
$
(1,123
)
 
$
135,065

 
$
(4,518
)
(1) 
Includes other-than-temporarily impaired AFS debt securities on which a portion of the OTTI loss remains in OCI.
(2) 
At December 31, 2011 and 2010, the amortized cost of approximately 3,800 and 8,500 AFS securities exceeded their fair value by $1.7 billion and $4.5 billion.

The amortized cost and fair value of the Corporation’s investment in AFS and held-to-maturity debt securities from FNMA, the Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA), FHLMC and U.S. Treasury securities where the investment exceeded 10 percent of consolidated shareholders’ equity at December 31, 2011 and 2010 are presented in the table below.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Selected Securities Exceeding 10 Percent of Shareholders’ Equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31
 
2011
 
2010
(Dollars in millions)
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair Value
Fannie Mae
$
87,898

 
$
89,243

 
$
123,662

 
$
123,107

Government National Mortgage Association
102,960

 
106,200

 
72,863

 
74,305

Freddie Mac
26,617

 
27,129

 
30,523

 
30,822

U.S. Treasury securities
39,946

 
39,164

 
46,576

 
46,081



The expected maturity distribution of the Corporation’s MBS and the contractual maturity distribution of the Corporation’s other AFS debt securities, and the yields on the Corporation’s AFS debt securities portfolio at December 31, 2011 are summarized in the table below. Actual maturities may differ from the contractual or expected maturities since borrowers may have the right to prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt Securities Maturities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2011
 
Due in One
Year or Less
 
Due after One Year
through Five Years
 
Due after Five Years
through Ten Years
 
Due after Ten Years
 
Total
(Dollars in millions)
Amount
 
Yield (1)
 
Amount
 
Yield (1)
 
Amount
 
Yield (1)
 
Amount
 
Yield (1)
 
Amount
 
Yield (1)
Amortized cost of AFS debt securities
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

U.S. Treasury and agency securities
$
556

 
4.90
%
 
$
767

 
5.40
%
 
$
2,377

 
5.30
%
 
$
39,733

 
2.70
%
 
$
43,433

 
2.80
%
Mortgage-backed securities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Agency
24

 
4.40

 
54,675

 
3.30

 
58,686

 
3.60

 
24,688

 
3.40

 
138,073

 
3.50

Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations
57

 
0.70

 
35,709

 
2.50

 
8,606

 
3.80

 
20

 
1.10

 
44,392

 
2.70

Non-agency residential
2,758

 
4.30

 
9,900

 
5.10

 
1,775

 
4.70

 
515

 
3.30

 
14,948

 
4.80

Non-agency commercial
227

 
4.90

 
4,484

 
6.80

 
64

 
6.80

 
119

 
7.60

 
4,894

 
6.80

Non-U.S. securities
2,271

 
0.50

 
2,429

 
4.80

 
172

 
2.50

 

 

 
4,872

 
4.70

Corporate bonds
586

 
1.70

 
1,353

 
2.10

 
901

 
2.40

 
153

 
1.20

 
2,993

 
2.10

Other taxable securities
2,228

 
1.20

 
7,364

 
1.30

 
1,811

 
1.90

 
1,486

 
1.10

 
12,889

 
1.40

Total taxable securities
8,707

 
2.37

 
116,681

 
3.25

 
74,392

 
3.65

 
66,714

 
2.93

 
266,494

 
3.29

Tax-exempt securities
54

 
2.40

 
1,046

 
1.80

 
857

 
2.40

 
2,721

 
0.30

 
4,678

 
1.04

Total amortized cost of AFS debt securities
$
8,761

 
2.37

 
$
117,727

 
3.23

 
$
75,249

 
3.63

 
$
69,435

 
2.83

 
$
271,172

 
3.25

Total amortized cost of held-to-maturity debt securities (2)
$
9

 
3.00

 
$
60

 
2.90

 
$
9,199

 
2.90

 
$
25,997

 
3.00

 
$
35,265

 
3.00

Fair value of AFS debt securities
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

U.S. Treasury and agency securities
$
558

 
 

 
$
794

 
 

 
$
2,580

 
 

 
$
38,932

 
 

 
$
42,864

 
 

Mortgage-backed securities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Agency
25

 
 

 
56,084

 
 

 
61,170

 
 

 
25,284

 
 

 
142,563

 
 

Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations
58

 
 

 
36,057

 
 

 
8,864

 
 

 
20

 
 

 
44,999

 
 

Non-agency residential
2,736

 
 

 
9,851

 
 

 
1,698

 
 

 
482

 
 

 
14,767

 
 

Non-agency commercial
229

 
 

 
5,079

 
 

 
72

 
 

 
142

 
 

 
5,522

 
 

Non-U.S. securities
2,270

 
 

 
2,476

 
 

 
174

 
 

 

 
 

 
4,920

 
 

Corporate bonds
590

 
 

 
1,354

 
 

 
945

 
 

 
146

 
 

 
3,035

 
 

Other taxable securities
2,228

 
 

 
7,373

 
 

 
1,796

 
 

 
1,481

 
 

 
12,878

 
 

Total taxable securities
8,694

 
 

 
119,068

 
 

 
77,299

 
 

 
66,487

 
 

 
271,548

 
 

Tax-exempt securities
54

 
 

 
1,040

 
 

 
853

 
 

 
2,656

 
 

 
4,603

 
 

Total fair value of AFS debt securities
$
8,748

 
 

 
$
120,108

 
 

 
$
78,152

 
 

 
$
69,143

 
 

 
$
276,151

 
 

Total fair value of held-to-maturity debt securities (2)
$
9

 
 
 
$
60

 
 
 
$
9,243

 
 
 
$
26,130

 
 
 
$
35,442

 
 
(1) 
Average yield is computed using the effective yield of each security at the end of the period, weighted based on the amortized cost of each security. The effective yield considers the contractual coupon, amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts and excludes the effect of related hedging derivatives.
(2) 
Substantially all U.S. agency securities.

The gross realized gains and losses on sales of AFS debt securities for 2011, 2010 and 2009 are presented in the table below.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains and Losses on Sales of AFS Debt Securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in millions)
2011
 
2010
 
2009
Gross gains
$
3,685

 
$
3,995

 
$
5,047

Gross losses
(311
)
 
(1,469
)
 
(324
)
Net gains on sales of AFS debt securities
$
3,374

 
$
2,526

 
$
4,723

Income tax expense attributable to realized net gains on sales of AFS debt securities
$
1,248

 
$
935

 
$
1,748


Certain Corporate and Strategic Investments
At December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Corporation owned 2.0 billion shares and 25.6 billion shares representing approximately one percent and 10 percent of China Construction Bank Corporation (CCB). During 2011, the Corporation sold shares of CCB and in connection therewith recorded gains of $6.5 billion. Sales restrictions on the remaining 2.0 billion CCB shares continue until August 2013 and accordingly these shares are carried at cost. At December 31, 2011 and 2010, the cost basis of the Corporation’s total investment in CCB was $716 million and $9.2 billion, the carrying value was $716 million and $19.7 billion and the fair value was $1.4 billion and $20.8 billion. This investment is recorded in other assets. Dividend income on this investment is recorded in equity investment income and during 2011 and 2010, the Corporation recorded dividends of $836 million and $535 million from CCB. The strategic assistance agreement between the Corporation and CCB, which includes cooperation in specific business areas, remains in place.
During 2011, the Corporation sold its remaining ownership interest of approximately 13.6 million preferred shares, or seven percent of BlackRock, Inc. The investment was recorded in other assets at cost. In connection with the sale, the Corporation recorded a gain of $377 million.
During 2011, the Corporation recorded $1.1 billion of impairment charges on its investment in a merchant services joint venture. The joint venture had a carrying value of $3.4 billion and $4.7 billion at December 31, 2011 and 2010 with the reduction in carrying value primarily the result of the impairment charges. The impairment charges were based on the ongoing financial performance of the joint venture and updated forecasts of its long-term financial performance. For additional information, see Note 14 – Commitments and Contingencies.