Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

Outstanding Loans and Leases

v2.4.0.6
Outstanding Loans and Leases
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2012
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Abstract]  
Outstanding Loans and Leases
NOTE 5 – Outstanding Loans and Leases

The following tables present total outstanding loans and leases and an aging analysis at March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011.

 
March 31, 2012
(Dollars in millions)
30-59 Days
Past Due
(1)
60-89 Days
Past Due
(1)
90 Days or
More Past Due
(2)
Total Past
Due 30 Days
or More
Total Current
or Less Than 30
Days Past Due
(3)
Purchased
Credit -
impaired
(4)
Loans
Accounted for
Under the Fair
Value Option
Total
Outstandings
Home loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Core portfolio
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage (5)
$
1,894

$
646

$
3,162

$
5,702

$
169,620



 
$
175,322

Home equity
267

144

470

881

64,380



 
65,261

Legacy Assets & Servicing portfolio
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage
2,779

1,678

30,708

35,165

36,196

$
9,748

 
81,109

Home equity
778

473

1,728

2,979

41,188

11,818

 
55,985

Discontinued real estate (6)
50

18

320

388

784

9,281

 
10,453

Credit card and other consumer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. credit card
848

670

1,866

3,384

93,049



 
96,433

Non-U.S. credit card
138

105

294

537

13,377



 
13,914

Direct/Indirect consumer (7)
595

266

730

1,591

84,537



 
86,128

Other consumer (8)
45

16

7

68

2,539



 
2,607

Total consumer loans
7,394

4,016

39,285

50,695

505,670

30,847

 
587,212

Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option (9)
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
2,204

2,204

Total consumer
7,394

4,016

39,285

50,695

505,670

30,847

2,204

589,416

Commercial
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. commercial
327

40

2,106

2,473

178,255

 
 
180,728

Commercial real estate (10)
104

31

3,412

3,547

34,502

 
 
38,049

Commercial lease financing
100

6

66

172

21,384

 
 
21,556

Non-U.S. commercial


140

140

52,461

 
 
52,601

U.S. small business commercial
151

103

312

566

12,390

 
 
12,956

Total commercial loans
682

180

6,036

6,898

298,992

 
 
305,890

Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option (9)
 
 
 
 
 
 
6,988

6,988

Total commercial
682

180

6,036

6,898

298,992

 
6,988

312,878

Total loans and leases
$
8,076

$
4,196

$
45,321

$
57,593

$
804,662

$
30,847

$
9,192

$
902,294

Percentage of outstandings
0.90
%
0.46
%
5.02
%
6.38
%
89.18
%
3.42
%
1.02
%
 
(1) 
Home loans includes $2.9 billion of fully-insured loans and $1.1 billion of nonperforming loans.
(2) 
Home loans includes $21.2 billion of fully-insured loans.
(3) 
Home loans includes $3.7 billion of nonperforming loans as all principal and interest are not current or the loans are TDRs that have not demonstrated sustained repayment performance.
(4) 
PCI loan amounts are shown gross of the valuation allowance.
(5) 
Total outstandings includes non-U.S. residential mortgages of $87 million.
(6) 
Total outstandings includes $9.3 billion of pay option loans and $1.1 billion of subprime loans. The Corporation no longer originates these products.
(7) 
Total outstandings includes dealer financial services loans of $40.2 billion, consumer lending loans of $7.1 billion, U.S. securities-based lending margin loans of $24.0 billion, student loans of $5.7 billion, non-U.S. consumer loans of $7.6 billion and other consumer loans of $1.5 billion.
(8) 
Total outstandings includes consumer finance loans of $1.6 billion, other non-U.S. consumer loans of $951 million and consumer overdrafts of $58 million.
(9) 
Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option were residential mortgage loans of $881 million and discontinued real estate loans of $1.3 billion. Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option were U.S. commercial loans of $2.2 billion and non-U.S. commercial loans of $4.8 billion. See Note 15 – Fair Value Measurements and Note 16 – Fair Value Option for additional information.
(10) 
Total outstandings includes U.S. commercial real estate loans of $36.3 billion and non-U.S. commercial real estate loans of $1.7 billion.
 
December 31, 2011
(Dollars in millions)
30-59 Days
Past Due
(1)
60-89 Days
Past Due
(1)
90 Days or
More Past Due
(2)
Total Past
Due 30 Days
or More
Total Current
or Less Than 30
Days Past Due
(3)
Purchased
Credit -
impaired
(4)
Loans
Accounted for
Under the Fair
Value Option
Total
Outstandings
Home loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Core portfolio
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage (5)
$
2,151

$
751

$
3,017

$
5,919

$
172,418

 
 
$
178,337

Home equity
260

155

429

844

66,211

 
 
67,055

Legacy Assets & Servicing portfolio
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage
3,195

2,174

32,167

37,536

36,451

$
9,966

 
83,953

Home equity
845

508

1,735

3,088

42,578

11,978

 
57,644

Discontinued real estate (6)
65

24

351

440

798

9,857

 
11,095

Credit card and other consumer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. credit card
981

772

2,070

3,823

98,468

 
 
102,291

Non-U.S. credit card
148

120

342

610

13,808

 
 
14,418

Direct/Indirect consumer (7)
805

338

779

1,922

87,791

 
 
89,713

Other consumer (8)
55

21

17

93

2,595

 
 
2,688

Total consumer loans
8,505

4,863

40,907

54,275

521,118

31,801

 
607,194

Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option (9)
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
2,190

2,190

Total consumer
8,505

4,863

40,907

54,275

521,118

31,801

2,190

609,384

Commercial
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. commercial
272

83

2,249

2,604

177,344

 
 
179,948

Commercial real estate (10)
133

44

3,887

4,064

35,532

 
 
39,596

Commercial lease financing
78

13

40

131

21,858

 
 
21,989

Non-U.S. commercial
24


143

167

55,251

 
 
55,418

U.S. small business commercial
142

100

331

573

12,678

 
 
13,251

Total commercial loans
649

240

6,650

7,539

302,663

 
 
310,202

Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option (9)
 
 
 
 
 
 
6,614

6,614

Total commercial
649

240

6,650

7,539

302,663

 
6,614

316,816

Total loans and leases
$
9,154

$
5,103

$
47,557

$
61,814

$
823,781

$
31,801

$
8,804

$
926,200

Percentage of outstandings
0.99
%
0.55
%
5.13
%
6.67
%
88.95
%
3.43
%
0.95
%
 
(1) 
Home loans includes $3.6 billion of fully-insured loans and $770 million of nonperforming loans.
(2) 
Home loans includes $21.2 billion of fully-insured loans.
(3) 
Home loans includes $1.8 billion of nonperforming loans as all principal and interest are not current or the loans are TDRs that have not demonstrated sustained repayment performance.
(4) 
PCI loan amounts are shown gross of the valuation allowance.
(5) 
Total outstandings includes non-U.S. residential mortgages of $85 million.
(6) 
Total outstandings includes $9.9 billion of pay option loans and $1.2 billion of subprime loans. The Corporation no longer originates these products.
(7) 
Total outstandings includes dealer financial services loans of $43.0 billion, consumer lending loans of $8.0 billion, U.S. securities-based lending margin loans of $23.6 billion, student loans of $6.0 billion, non-U.S. consumer loans of $7.6 billion and other consumer loans of $1.5 billion.
(8) 
Total outstandings includes consumer finance loans of $1.7 billion, other non-U.S. consumer loans of $929 million and consumer overdrafts of $103 million.
(9) 
Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option were residential mortgage loans of $906 million and discontinued real estate loans of $1.3 billion. Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option were U.S. commercial loans of $2.2 billion and non-U.S. commercial loans of $4.4 billion. See Note 15 – Fair Value Measurements and Note 16 – Fair Value Option for additional information.
(10) 
Total outstandings includes U.S. commercial real estate loans of $37.8 billion and non-U.S. commercial real estate loans of $1.8 billion.

The Corporation mitigates a portion of its credit risk on the residential mortgage portfolio through the use of synthetic securitization vehicles. These vehicles issue long-term notes to investors, the proceeds of which are held as cash collateral. The Corporation pays a premium to the vehicles to purchase mezzanine loss protection on a portfolio of residential mortgages owned by the Corporation. Cash held in the vehicles is used to reimburse the Corporation in the event that losses on the mortgage portfolio exceed 10 basis points (bps) of the original pool balance, up to the remaining amount of purchased loss protection of $697 million and $783 million at March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011. The vehicles from which the Corporation purchases credit protection are VIEs. The Corporation does not have a variable interest in these vehicles, and accordingly, these vehicles are not consolidated by the Corporation. Amounts due from the vehicles are recorded in other income (loss) when the Corporation recognizes a reimbursable loss, as described above. Amounts are collected when reimbursable losses are realized through the sale of the underlying collateral. At March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the Corporation had a receivable of $368 million and $359 million from these vehicles for reimbursement of losses, and principal of $22.3 billion and $23.9 billion of residential mortgage loans was referenced under these agreements. The Corporation records an allowance for credit losses on these loans without regard to the existence of the purchased loss protection as the protection does not represent a guarantee of individual loans.

In addition, the Corporation has entered into long-term credit protection agreements with FNMA and FHLMC on loans totaling $26.0 billion and $24.4 billion at March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, providing full protection on residential mortgage loans that become severely delinquent. All of these loans are individually insured and therefore the Corporation does not record an allowance for credit losses related to these loans. For additional information, see Note 8 – Representations and Warranties Obligations and Corporate Guarantees.

Nonperforming Loans and Leases

During the first quarter of 2012, the bank regulatory agencies jointly issued interagency supervisory guidance on nonaccrual status for junior-lien consumer real estate loans. In accordance with this regulatory interagency guidance, the Corporation classifies junior-lien home equity loans as nonperforming when the first-lien loan becomes 90 days past due even if the junior-lien loan is performing, and as a result, the Corporation reclassified $1.9 billion of performing home equity loans to nonperforming. The regulatory interagency guidance had no impact on the Corporation's allowance for loan and lease losses or provision expense as the delinquency status of the underlying first-lien was already considered in the Corporation's reserving process.

The table below presents the Corporation’s nonperforming loans and leases including nonperforming troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) and loans accruing past due 90 days or more at March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011. Nonperforming loans held-for-sale (LHFS) are excluded from nonperforming loans and leases as they are recorded at either fair value or the lower of cost or fair value. See Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation's 2011 Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information on the criteria for classification as nonperforming.

Credit Quality
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nonperforming Loans and Leases (1)
 
Accruing Past Due 90 Days or More
(Dollars in millions)
March 31
2012
 
December 31
2011
 
March 31
2012
 
December 31
2011
Home loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Core portfolio
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage (2)
$
2,433

 
$
2,414

 
$
1,113

 
$
883

Home equity
1,042

 
439

 

 

Legacy Assets & Servicing portfolio
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage (2)
12,616

 
13,556

 
20,063

 
20,281

Home equity
3,318

 
2,014

 

 

Discontinued real estate
269

 
290

 

 

Credit card and other consumer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. credit card
n/a

 
n/a

 
1,866

 
2,070

Non-U.S. credit card
n/a

 
n/a

 
294

 
342

Direct/Indirect consumer
41

 
40

 
697

 
746

Other consumer
5

 
15

 
2

 
2

Total consumer
19,724

 
18,768

 
24,035

 
24,324

Commercial
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. commercial
2,048

 
2,174

 
59

 
75

Commercial real estate
3,404

 
3,880

 
8

 
7

Commercial lease financing
38

 
26

 
28

 
14

Non-U.S. commercial
140

 
143

 

 

U.S. small business commercial
121

 
114

 
190

 
216

Total commercial
5,751

 
6,337

 
285

 
312

Total consumer and commercial
$
25,475

 
$
25,105

 
$
24,320

 
$
24,636

(1) 
Nonperforming loan balances do not include nonaccruing TDRs removed from the PCI portfolio prior to January 1, 2010 of $459 million and $477 million as of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011.
(2) 
Residential mortgage loans accruing past due 90 days or more are fully-insured loans. At both March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, residential mortgage includes $17.0 billion of loans on which interest has been curtailed by the Federal Housing Administration, and therefore are no longer accruing interest, although principal is still insured, and $4.2 billion of loans on which interest is still accruing.
n/a = not applicable

Credit Quality Indicators

The Corporation monitors credit quality within its Home Loans, Credit Card and Other Consumer, and Commercial portfolio segments based on primary credit quality indicators. For more information on the portfolio segments, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation's 2011 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Within the home loans portfolio segment, the primary credit quality indicators are refreshed LTV and refreshed FICO score. Refreshed LTV measures the carrying value of the loan as a percentage of the value of property securing the loan, refreshed quarterly. Home equity loans are evaluated using combined loan-to-value (CLTV) which measures the carrying value of the combined loans that have liens against the property and the available line of credit as a percentage of the appraised value of the property securing the loan, refreshed quarterly. FICO scores measure the creditworthiness of the borrower based on the financial obligations of the borrower and the borrower’s credit history. At a minimum, FICO scores are refreshed quarterly, and in many cases, more frequently. FICO scores are also a primary credit quality indicator for the Credit Card and Other Consumer portfolio segment and the business card portfolio within U.S. small business commercial. The Corporation’s commercial loans are evaluated using the internal classifications of pass rated or reservable criticized as the primary credit quality indicators. The term reservable criticized refers to those commercial loans that are internally classified or listed by the Corporation as Special Mention, Substandard or Doubtful, which are asset categories defined by regulatory authorities. These assets have an elevated level of risk and may have a high probability of default or total loss. Pass rated refers to all loans not considered reservable criticized. In addition to these primary credit quality indicators, the Corporation uses other credit quality indicators for certain types of loans.

The following tables present certain credit quality indicators for the Corporation’s Home Loans, Credit Card and Other Consumer, and Commercial portfolio segments, by class of financing receivables, at March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011.

Home Loans - Credit Quality Indicators (1)
 
March 31, 2012
(Dollars in millions)
Core Portfolio
Residential
Mortgage
(2)
Legacy Assets & Servicing Residential Mortgage (2)
Countrywide
Residential
Mortgage PCI
Core Portfolio
Home
Equity
(2)
Legacy Assets & Servicing Home
Equity
(2)
Countrywide
Home Equity PCI
Legacy Assets & Servicing
Discontinued
Real Estate
(2)
Countrywide
Discontinued
Real Estate
PCI
Refreshed LTV (3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Less than 90 percent
$
78,614

$
19,638

$
3,768

$
44,861

$
16,508

$
2,509

$
836

$
5,609

Greater than 90 percent but less than 100 percent
10,882

5,500

1,407

6,826

4,725

1,111

122

992

Greater than 100 percent
16,120

21,891

4,573

13,574

22,934

8,198

214

2,680

Fully-insured loans (4)
69,706

24,332







Total home loans
$
175,322

$
71,361

$
9,748

$
65,261

$
44,167

$
11,818

$
1,172

$
9,281

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Refreshed FICO score (5)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Less than 620
$
6,566

$
16,086

$
3,481

$
2,831

$
6,995

$
1,715

$
510

$
5,449

Greater than or equal to 620
99,050

30,943

6,267

62,430

37,172

10,103

662

3,832

Fully-insured loans (4)
69,706

24,332







Total home loans
$
175,322

$
71,361

$
9,748

$
65,261

$
44,167

$
11,818

$
1,172

$
9,281

(1) 
Excludes $2.2 billion of loans accounted for under the fair value option.
(2) 
Excludes Countrywide PCI loans.
(3) 
Refreshed LTV percentages for PCI loans are calculated using the carrying value net of the related valuation allowance.
(4) 
Credit quality indicators are not reported for fully-insured loans as principal repayment is insured.
(5) 
As of March 31, 2012, refreshed home equity FICO metrics reflect an updated scoring model. Prior periods were adjusted to reflect these updates.

Credit Card and Other Consumer - Credit Quality Indicators
 
March 31, 2012
(Dollars in millions)
U.S. Credit
Card
 
Non-U.S.
Credit Card
 
Direct/Indirect
Consumer
 
Other
Consumer
(1)
Refreshed FICO score
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Less than 620
$
7,399

 
$

 
$
2,910

 
$
768

Greater than or equal to 620
89,034

 

 
43,758

 
829

Other internal credit metrics (2, 3, 4)

 
13,914

 
39,460

 
1,010

Total credit card and other consumer
$
96,433

 
$
13,914

 
$
86,128

 
$
2,607

(1) 
98 percent of the other consumer portfolio was associated with portfolios from certain consumer finance businesses that the Corporation previously exited.
(2) 
Other internal credit metrics include delinquency status, geography or other factors.
(3) 
Direct/indirect consumer includes $31.6 billion of securities-based lending which is overcollateralized and therefore has minimal credit risk and $5.7 billion of loans the Corporation no longer originates.
(4) 
Non-U.S. credit card represents the U.K. credit card portfolio which is evaluated using internal credit metrics, including delinquency status. At March 31, 2012, 96 percent of this portfolio was current or less than 30 days past due, two percent was 30-89 days past due and two percent was 90 days past due or more.

Commercial - Credit Quality Indicators (1)
 
March 31, 2012
(Dollars in millions)
U.S.
Commercial
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Commercial
Lease
Financing
 
Non-U.S.
Commercial
 
U.S. Small
Business
Commercial
(2)
Risk ratings
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pass rated
$
171,179

 
$
28,752

 
$
20,371

 
$
51,080

 
$
2,266

Reservable criticized
9,549

 
9,297

 
1,185

 
1,521

 
723

Refreshed FICO score (3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Less than 620
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
515

Greater than or equal to 620
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4,662

Other internal credit metrics (3, 4)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4,790

Total commercial credit
$
180,728

 
$
38,049

 
$
21,556

 
$
52,601

 
$
12,956

(1) 
Excludes $7.0 billion of loans accounted for under the fair value option.
(2) 
U.S. small business commercial includes $463 million of criticized business card and small business loans which are evaluated using refreshed FICO scores or internal credit metrics, including delinquency status, rather than risk ratings. At March 31, 2012, 98 percent of the balances where internal credit metrics are used were current or less than 30 days past due.
(3) 
Refreshed FICO score and other internal credit metrics are applicable only to the U.S. small business commercial portfolio.
(4) 
Other internal credit metrics include delinquency status, application scores, geography or other factors.
Home Loans - Credit Quality Indicators (1)
 
December 31, 2011
(Dollars in millions)
Core Portfolio
Residential
Mortgage
(2)
Legacy Assets & Servicing
Residential Mortgage
(2)
Countrywide
Residential
Mortgage PCI
Core Portfolio
Home
Equity
(2)
Legacy Assets & Servicing Home
Equity
(2)
Countrywide
Home Equity PCI
Legacy Assets & Servicing
Discontinued
Real Estate
(2)
Countrywide
Discontinued
Real Estate PCI
Refreshed LTV (3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Less than 90 percent
$
80,032

$
20,450

$
3,821

$
46,646

$
17,354

$
2,253

$
895

$
5,953

Greater than 90 percent but less than 100 percent
11,838

5,847

1,468

6,988

4,995

1,077

122

1,191

Greater than 100 percent
17,673

22,630

4,677

13,421

23,317

8,648

221

2,713

Fully-insured loans (4)
68,794

25,060







Total home loans
$
178,337

$
73,987

$
9,966

$
67,055

$
45,666

$
11,978

$
1,238

$
9,857

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Refreshed FICO score (5)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Less than 620
$
7,020

$
17,337

$
3,749

$
2,843

$
7,293

$
2,547

$
548

$
5,968

Greater than or equal to 620
102,523

31,590

6,217

64,212

38,373

9,431

690

3,889

Fully-insured loans (4)
68,794

25,060







Total home loans
$
178,337

$
73,987

$
9,966

$
67,055

$
45,666

$
11,978

$
1,238

$
9,857

(1) 
Excludes $2.2 billion of loans accounted for under the fair value option.
(2) 
Excludes Countrywide PCI loans.
(3) 
Refreshed LTV percentages for PCI loans are calculated using the carrying value gross of the related valuation allowance.
(4) 
Credit quality indicators are not reported for fully-insured loans as principal repayment is insured.
(5) 
As of March 31, 2012, refreshed home equity FICO metrics reflect an updated scoring model. Prior periods were adjusted to reflect these updates.

Credit Card and Other Consumer - Credit Quality Indicators
 
December 31, 2011
(Dollars in millions)
U.S. Credit
Card
 
Non-U.S.
Credit Card
 
Direct/Indirect
Consumer
 
Other
Consumer
(1)
Refreshed FICO score
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Less than 620
$
8,172

 
$

 
$
3,325

 
$
802

Greater than or equal to 620
94,119

 

 
46,981

 
854

Other internal credit metrics (2, 3, 4)

 
14,418

 
39,407

 
1,032

Total credit card and other consumer
$
102,291

 
$
14,418

 
$
89,713

 
$
2,688

(1) 
96 percent of the other consumer portfolio was associated with portfolios from certain consumer finance businesses that the Corporation previously exited.
(2) 
Other internal credit metrics include delinquency status, geography or other factors.
(3) 
Direct/indirect consumer includes $31.1 billion of securities-based lending which is overcollateralized and therefore has minimal credit risk and $6.0 billion of loans the Corporation no longer originates.
(4) 
Non-U.S. credit card represents the U.K. credit card portfolio which is evaluated using internal credit metrics, including delinquency status. At December 31, 2011, 96 percent of this portfolio was current or less than 30 days past due, two percent was 30-89 days past due and two percent was 90 days or more past due.

Commercial - Credit Quality Indicators (1)
 
December 31, 2011
(Dollars in millions)
U.S.
Commercial
 
Commercial Real Estate
 
Commercial
Lease
Financing
 
Non-U.S.
Commercial
 
U.S. Small
Business
Commercial
(2)
Risk ratings
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pass rated
$
169,599

 
$
28,602

 
$
20,850

 
$
53,945

 
$
2,392

Reservable criticized
10,349

 
10,994

 
1,139

 
1,473

 
836

Refreshed FICO score (3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Less than 620
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
562

Greater than or equal to 620
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4,674

Other internal credit metrics (3, 4)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4,787

Total commercial credit
$
179,948

 
$
39,596

 
$
21,989

 
$
55,418

 
$
13,251

(1) 
Excludes $6.6 billion of loans accounted for under the fair value option.
(2) 
U.S. small business commercial includes $491 million of criticized business card and small business loans which are evaluated using refreshed FICO scores or internal credit metrics, including delinquency status, rather than risk ratings. At December 31, 2011, 97 percent of the balances where internal credit metrics are used were current or less than 30 days past due.
(3) 
Refreshed FICO score and other internal credit metrics are applicable only to the U.S. small business commercial portfolio.
(4) 
Other internal credit metrics include delinquency status, application scores, geography or other factors.

Impaired Loans and Troubled Debt Restructurings

A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information, it is probable that the Corporation will be unable to collect all amounts due from the borrower in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan. Impaired loans include nonperforming commercial loans, all TDRs, and the renegotiated credit card and other consumer TDR portfolio (the renegotiated credit card and other consumer TDR portfolio, collectively referred to as the renegotiated TDR portfolio). Generally, loans that are designated as TDRs may be returned to accrual status after they have performed for an adequate period of time, typically six months. Loans that have been returned to accrual status may be removed from TDR status if they bore a market rate of interest at the time of modification. Impaired loans exclude nonperforming consumer loans and nonperforming commercial leases unless they are classified as TDRs. Loans accounted for under the fair value option are also excluded. Purchased credit-impaired (PCI) loans are excluded and reported separately on page 158.

Home Loans

Impaired home loans within the Home Loans portfolio segment consist entirely of TDRs. Excluding PCI loans, substantially all modifications of home loans meet the definition of TDRs when a binding offer is extended to a borrower. Modifications of home loans are done in accordance with the government's Making Home Affordable Program (modifications under government programs) or the Corporation's proprietary programs (modifications under proprietary programs). These modifications are considered to be TDRs if concessions have been granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties. Concessions may include reductions in interest rates, capitalization of past due amounts, principal and/or interest forbearance, payment extensions, principal and/or interest forgiveness, or combinations thereof.

Prior to permanently modifying a loan, the Corporation may enter into trial modifications with certain borrowers under both government and proprietary programs. Trial modifications generally represent a three- to four-month period during which the borrower makes monthly payments under the anticipated modified payment terms. Upon successful completion of the trial period, the Corporation and the borrower enter into a permanent modification. Binding trial modifications are classified as TDRs when the trial offer is made and continue to be classified as TDRs regardless of whether the borrower enters into a permanent modification.

In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, excluding PCI loans which are reported separately, home loans are not classified as impaired unless they have been designated as a TDR. Once such a loan has been designated as a TDR it is then individually assessed for impairment. Home loan TDRs are measured primarily based on the net present value of the estimated cash flows discounted at the loan’s original effective interest rate. If the carrying value of a TDR exceeds this amount, a specific allowance is recorded as a component of the allowance for loan and lease losses. Alternatively, home loan TDRs that are considered to be dependent solely on the collateral for repayment (e.g., due to the lack of income verification) are measured based on the estimated fair value of the collateral and a charge-off is recorded if the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the collateral. Home loans that reached 180 days past due prior to modification would have been charged off to their net realizable value before they were modified as TDRs in accordance with established policy. Therefore, the modification of home loans that are 180 or more days past due as TDRs does not have an impact on the allowance for credit losses nor are additional charge-offs required at the time of modification. Subsequent declines in the fair value of the collateral after a loan has reached 180 days past due are recorded as charge-offs. Fully-insured loans are protected against principal loss, and therefore, the Corporation does not record an allowance for credit losses on the outstanding principal balance, even after they have been modified in a TDR.

The net present value of the estimated cash flows is based on model-driven estimates of projected payments, prepayments, defaults and loss-given-default (LGD). Using statistical modeling methodologies, the Corporation estimates the probability that a loan will default prior to maturity based on the attributes of each loan. The factors that are most relevant to the probability of default are the refreshed LTV or in the case of a subordinated lien, refreshed CLTV, borrower credit score, months since origination (i.e., vintage) and geography. Each of these factors is further broken down by present collection status (whether the loan is current, delinquent, in default or in bankruptcy). Severity (or LGD) is estimated based on the refreshed LTV for the first mortgages or CLTV for subordinated liens. The estimates are based on the Corporation’s historical experience, but are adjusted to reflect an assessment of environmental factors that may not be reflected in the historical data, such as changes in real estate values, local and national economies, underwriting standards and the regulatory environment. The probability of default models also incorporate recent experience with modification programs, a loan’s default history prior to modification and the change in borrower payments post-modification.

At March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, remaining commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whose terms have been modified in a home loan TDR were immaterial. Home loan foreclosed properties totaled $1.8 billion and $2.0 billion at March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011.

The table below presents impaired loans in the Corporation’s Home Loans portfolio segment at March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, and for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 and includes primarily loans managed by Legacy Assets & Servicing within Consumer Real Estate Services (CRES). Certain impaired home loans do not have a related allowance as the current valuation of these impaired loans exceeded the carrying value.

Impaired Loans - Home Loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31
 
March 31, 2012
 
2012
 
2011
(Dollars in millions)
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Carrying
Value
 
Related
Allowance
 
Average
Carrying
Value
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
(1)
 
Average
Carrying
Value
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
(1)
With no recorded allowance
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage
$
11,313

 
$
8,473

 
n/a

 
$
8,472

 
$
73

 
$
5,628

 
$
54

Home equity
1,801

 
485

 
n/a

 
506

 
9

 
484

 
5

Discontinued real estate
401

 
224

 
n/a

 
232

 
2

 
227

 
2

With an allowance recorded
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage
$
12,436

 
$
11,200

 
$
1,279

 
$
11,021

 
$
98

 
$
7,751

 
$
71

Home equity
1,512

 
1,243

 
590

 
1,255

 
9

 
1,302

 
7

Discontinued real estate
207

 
152

 
29

 
153

 
2

 
170

 
2

Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage
$
23,749

 
$
19,673

 
$
1,279

 
$
19,493

 
$
171

 
$
13,379

 
$
125

Home equity
3,313

 
1,728

 
590

 
1,761

 
18

 
1,786

 
12

Discontinued real estate
608

 
376

 
29

 
385

 
4

 
397

 
4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2011
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
With no recorded allowance
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage
$
10,907

 
$
8,168

 
n/a

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity
1,747

 
479

 
n/a

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Discontinued real estate
421

 
240

 
n/a

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
With an allowance recorded
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage
$
12,296

 
$
11,119

 
$
1,295

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity
1,551

 
1,297

 
622

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Discontinued real estate
213

 
159

 
29

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage
$
23,203

 
$
19,287

 
$
1,295

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity
3,298

 
1,776

 
622

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Discontinued real estate
634

 
399

 
29

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1) 
Interest income recognized includes interest accrued and collected on the outstanding balances of accruing impaired loans as well as interest cash collections on nonaccruing impaired loans for which the ultimate collectability of principal is not uncertain.
n/a = not applicable
The table below presents the March 31, 2012 and 2011 unpaid principal balance, carrying value, and average pre- and post-modification interest rates of home loans that were modified in TDRs during the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, along with net charge-offs that were recorded during the period in which the modification occurred. These TDRs are managed by Legacy Assets & Servicing within CRES.

Home Loans - TDRs Entered into During the Three Months Ended March 31, 2012
 
March 31, 2012
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2012
(Dollars in millions)
Unpaid Principal Balance
 
Carrying Value
 
Pre-Modification Interest Rate
 
Post-Modification Interest Rate
 
Net Charge-offs
Residential mortgage
$
1,310

 
$
1,163

 
5.73
%
 
4.80
%
 
$
48

Home equity
162

 
97

 
5.10

 
3.80

 
39

Discontinued real estate
9

 
6

 
7.06

 
6.84

 
1

Total
$
1,481

 
$
1,266

 
5.67

 
4.70

 
$
88

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home Loans - TDRs Entered into During the Three Months Ended March 31, 2011
 
March 31, 2011
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2011
Residential mortgage
$
3,403

 
$
3,022

 
6.05
%
 
4.93
%
 
$
39

Home equity
297

 
229

 
7.43

 
5.54

 
63

Discontinued real estate
21

 
14

 
7.78

 
5.46

 
2

Total
$
3,721

 
$
3,265

 
6.17

 
4.98

 
$
104



The table below presents the March 31, 2012 and 2011 carrying value for home loans which were modified in a TDR during the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 by type of modification.

Home Loans - Modification Programs
 
TDRs Entered into During the Three Months Ended March 31, 2012
(Dollars in millions)
Residential Mortgage
 
 Home Equity
 
 Discontinued Real Estate
 
Total Carrying Value
Modifications under government programs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contractual interest rate reduction
$
37

 
$
29

 
$

 
$
66

Principal and/or interest forbearance
1

 
9

 

 
10

Other modifications (1)
15

 

 

 
15

Total modifications under government programs
53

 
38

 

 
91

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Modifications under proprietary programs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contractual interest rate reduction
366

 
14

 

 
380

Capitalization of past due amounts
10

 

 

 
10

Principal and/or interest forbearance
90

 
7

 

 
97

Other modifications (1)
52

 
2

 
1

 
55

Total modifications under proprietary programs
518

 
23

 
1

 
542

Trial modifications
592

 
36

 
5

 
633

Total modifications
$
1,163

 
$
97

 
$
6

 
$
1,266

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TDRs Entered into During the Three Months Ended March 31, 2011
Modifications under government programs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contractual interest rate reduction
$
219

 
$
135

 
$
1

 
$
355

Principal and/or interest forbearance
33

 
15

 
1

 
49

Other modifications (1)
1

 
1

 

 
2

Total modifications under government programs
253

 
151

 
2

 
406

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Modifications under proprietary programs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contractual interest rate reduction
1,562

 
23

 
6

 
1,591

Capitalization of past due amounts
136

 

 

 
136

Principal and/or interest forbearance
206

 
17

 
1

 
224

Other modifications (1)
117

 
16

 

 
133

Total modifications under proprietary programs
2,021

 
56

 
7

 
2,084

Trial modifications 
748

 
22

 
5

 
775

Total modifications
$
3,022

 
$
229

 
$
14

 
$
3,265

(1)  
Includes other modifications such as term or payment extensions and repayment plans.

The table below presents the carrying value of loans that entered into payment default during the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 and that were modified in a TDR during the 12 months preceding payment default. A payment default for home loan TDRs is recognized when a borrower has missed three monthly payments (not necessarily consecutively) since modification. Payment default on trial modifications where the borrower has not yet met the terms of the agreement are included in the table below if the borrower is 90 days or more past due three months after the offer to modify is made.

Home Loans - TDRs Entering Payment Default That Were Modified During the Preceding Twelve Months
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2012
(Dollars in millions)
 Residential Mortgage
 
Home Equity
 
 Discontinued Real Estate
 
Total Carrying Value
Modifications under government programs
$
73

 
$
2

 
$
1

 
$
76

Modifications under proprietary programs
373

 
4

 
3

 
380

Trial modifications
113

 
4

 
1

 
118

Total modifications
$
559

 
$
10

 
$
5

 
$
574

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2011
Modifications under government programs
$
54

 
$

 
$
1

 
$
55

Modifications under proprietary programs
458

 
20

 
4

 
482

Trial modifications
3

 

 

 
3

Total modifications
$
515

 
$
20

 
$
5

 
$
540


Credit Card and Other Consumer

The Credit Card and Other Consumer portfolio segment includes impaired loans that have been modified as TDRs. The Corporation seeks to assist customers that are experiencing financial difficulty by modifying loans while ensuring compliance with federal laws and guidelines. Substantially all of the Corporation’s credit card and other consumer loan modifications involve reducing the interest rate on the account and placing the customer on a fixed payment plan not exceeding 60 months, all of which are considered TDRs. In all cases, the customer’s available line of credit is canceled. The Corporation makes loan modifications directly with borrowers for debt held only by the Corporation (internal programs). Additionally, the Corporation makes loan modifications for borrowers working with third-party renegotiation agencies that provide solutions to customers’ entire unsecured debt structures (external programs).

All credit card and other consumer loans not secured by real estate, including modified loans, remain on accrual status until the loan is either charged off or paid in full. The allowance for impaired credit card loans is based on the present value of projected cash flows discounted using the portfolio’s average contractual interest rate, excluding promotionally priced loans, in effect prior to restructuring. Prior to modification, credit card and other consumer loans are included in homogeneous pools which are collectively evaluated for impairment. For these portfolios, loss forecast models are utilized that consider a variety of factors including but not limited to historical loss experience, delinquencies, economic trends and credit scores.

The table below provides information on the Corporation's renegotiated TDR portfolio at March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, and for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011. The renegotiated TDR portfolio is considered impaired and had a related allowance as shown below.

Impaired Loans - Credit Card and Other Consumer - Renegotiated TDRs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31
 
March 31, 2012
 
2012
 
2011
(Dollars in millions)
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Carrying
Value
 (1)
 
Related
Allowance
 
Average
Carrying
Value
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
(2)
 
Average
Carrying
Value
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
(2)
With an allowance recorded
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. credit card
$
4,548

 
$
4,576

 
$
1,396

 
$
5,019

 
$
77

 
$
8,569

 
$
127

Non-U.S. credit card
546

 
553

 
345

 
572

 
2

 
795

 
2

Direct/Indirect consumer
1,044

 
1,049

 
372

 
1,146

 
16

 
1,839

 
24

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2011
 
 
 
 
 
 
With an allowance recorded
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. credit card
$
5,272

 
$
5,305

 
$
1,570

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-U.S. credit card
588

 
597

 
435

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Direct/Indirect consumer
1,193

 
1,198

 
405

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1) 
Includes accrued interest and fees.
(2) 
Interest income recognized includes interest accrued and collected on the outstanding balances of accruing impaired loans as well as interest cash collections on nonaccruing impaired loans for which the ultimate collectability of principal is not uncertain.

The table below provides information on the Corporation's primary modification programs for the renegotiated TDR portfolio at March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011.

Credit Card and Other Consumer - Renegotiated TDRs by Program Type
 
Internal Programs
 
External Programs
 
Other
 
Total
 
Percent of Balances Current or
Less Than 30 Days Past Due
(Dollars in millions)
March 31
2012
December 31
2011
 
March 31
2012
December 31
2011
 
March 31
2012
December 31
2011
 
March 31
2012
December 31
2011
 
March 31
2012
December 31
2011
U.S. credit card
$
3,211

$
3,788

 
$
1,300

$
1,436

 
$
65

$
81

 
$
4,576

$
5,305

 
79.71
%
78.97
%
Non-U.S. credit card
211

218

 
103

113

 
239

266

 
553

597

 
56.15

54.02

Direct/Indirect consumer
681

784

 
351

392

 
17

22

 
1,049

1,198

 
81.00

80.01

Total renegotiated TDR loans
$
4,103

$
4,790

 
$
1,754

$
1,941

 
$
321

$
369

 
$
6,178

$
7,100

 
77.82

77.05



At March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the Corporation had a renegotiated TDR portfolio of $6.2 billion and $7.1 billion of which $4.8 billion was current or less than 30 days past due under the modified terms at March 31, 2012. The renegotiated TDR portfolio is excluded from nonperforming loans as the Corporation generally does not classify consumer loans not secured by real estate as nonperforming. Instead, these loans are charged off no later than the end of the month in which the loan becomes 180 days past due.

The table below provides information on the Corporation’s renegotiated TDR portfolio including the unpaid principal balance and carrying value of loans that were modified in TDRs during the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, along with charge-offs that were recorded during the calendar quarter in which the modification occurred. The table also presents the average pre- and post-modification interest rate.

Credit Card and Other Consumer - Renegotiated TDRs Entered into During the Three Months Ended March 31, 2012
 
March 31, 2012
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2012
(Dollars in millions)
Unpaid Principal Balance
 
Carrying Value (1)
 
Pre-Modification Interest Rate
 
Post-Modification Interest Rate
 
Net Charge-offs
U.S. credit card
$
152

 
$
156

 
18.29
%
 
6.35
%
 
$
2

Non-U.S. credit card
114

 
120

 
26.19

 
0.81

 
5

Direct/Indirect consumer
25

 
26

 
15.50

 
4.31

 

Total
$
291

 
$
302

 
21.19

 
3.97

 
$
7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit Card and Other Consumer - Renegotiated TDRs Entered into During the Three Months Ended March 31, 2011
 
March 31, 2011
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2011
U.S. credit card
$
386

 
$
400

 
19.33
%
 
6.15
%
 
$
4

Non-U.S. credit card
159

 
166

 
27.21

 
0.55

 
13

Direct/Indirect consumer
99

 
101

 
15.68

 
5.57

 
1

Total
$
644

 
$
667

 
20.73

 
4.67

 
$
18

(1) 
Includes accrued interest and fees.

The table below provides information on the Corporation's primary modification programs for the renegotiated TDR portfolio for loans that were modified in TDRs during the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011.

Credit Card and Other Consumer - Renegotiated TDRs by Program Type
 
Renegotiated TDRs Entered into During the Three Months Ended March 31, 2012
(Dollars in millions)
Internal Programs
 
External Programs
 
Other
 
Total
U.S. credit card
$
79

 
$
77

 
$

 
$
156

Non-U.S. credit card
63

 
57

 

 
120

Direct/Indirect consumer
14

 
12

 

 
26

Total renegotiated TDR loans
$
156

 
$
146

 
$

 
$
302

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Renegotiated TDRs Entered into During the Three Months Ended March 31, 2011
U.S. credit card
$
234

 
$
165

 
$
1

 
$
400

Non-U.S. credit card
75

 
90

 
1

 
166

Direct/Indirect consumer
60

 
41

 

 
101

Total renegotiated TDR loans
$
369

 
$
296

 
$
2

 
$
667



Credit card and other consumer loans are deemed to be in payment default during the quarter in which a borrower misses the second of two consecutive payments. Payment defaults are one of the factors considered when projecting future cash flows in the calculation of the allowance for loan losses for impaired credit card and other consumer loans. Loans that entered into payment default during the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 and that had been modified in a TDR during the 12 months preceding payment default were $82 million and $383 million for U.S. credit card, $82 million and $101 million for non-U.S. credit card and $16 million and $77 million for direct/indirect consumer.

Commercial Loans

Impaired commercial loans, which include nonperforming loans and TDRs (both performing and nonperforming) are primarily measured based on the present value of payments expected to be received, discounted at the loan's original effective interest rate. Commercial impaired loans may also be measured based on observable market prices or, for loans that are solely dependent on the collateral for repayment, the estimated fair value of collateral less estimated costs to sell. If the carrying value of a loan exceeds this amount, a specific allowance is recorded as a component of the allowance for loan and lease losses.

Modifications of loans to commercial borrowers that are experiencing financial difficulty are designed to reduce the Corporation's loss exposure while providing the borrower with an opportunity to work through financial difficulties, often to avoid foreclosure or bankruptcy. Each modification is unique and reflects the individual circumstances of the borrower. Modifications that result in a TDR may include extensions of maturity at a concessionary (below market) rate of interest, payment forbearances or other actions designed to benefit the customer while mitigating the Corporation's risk exposure. Reductions in interest rates are rare. Instead, the interest rates are typically increased, although the increased rate may not represent a market rate of interest. Infrequently, concessions may also include principal forgiveness in connection with foreclosure, short sale or other settlement agreements leading to termination or sale of the loan.

At the time of restructuring, the loans are remeasured to reflect the impact, if any, on projected cash flows resulting from the modified terms. If there was no forgiveness of principal and the interest rate was not decreased, the modification may have little or no impact on the allowance established for the loan. If a portion of the loan is deemed to be uncollectible, a charge-off may be recorded at the time of restructuring. Alternatively, a charge-off may have already been recorded in a previous period such that no charge-off is required at the time of modification. For information concerning modifications for the U.S. small business commercial portfolio, see Credit Card and Other Consumer in this Note.

At March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, remaining commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whose terms have been modified in a commercial loan TDR were immaterial. Commercial foreclosed properties totaled $510 million and $612 million at March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011.

The table below presents impaired loans in the Corporation's Commercial loan portfolio segment at March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, and for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011. Certain impaired commercial loans do not have a related allowance as the valuation of these impaired loans exceeded the carrying value, which is net of previously recorded charge-offs.

Impaired Loans - Commercial
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31
 
March 31, 2012
 
2012
 
2011
(Dollars in millions)
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Carrying
Value
 
Related
Allowance
 
Average
Carrying
Value
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
 (1)
 
Average
Carrying
Value
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
(1)
With no recorded allowance
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. commercial
$
1,363

 
$
1,085

 
n/a

 
$
1,035

 
$
8

 
$
406

 
$

Commercial real estate
2,097

 
1,851

 
n/a

 
1,973

 
4

 
1,785

 
1

Non-U.S. commercial
237

 
127

 
n/a

 
114

 

 
70

 

U.S. small business commercial (2)

 

 
n/a

 

 

 

 

With an allowance recorded
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. commercial
$
2,616

 
$
1,878

 
$
205

 
$
1,920

 
$
11

 
$
2,953

 
$
1

Commercial real estate
3,207

 
2,125

 
118

 
2,256

 
6

 
3,940

 
2

Non-U.S. commercial
272

 
29

 
8

 
45

 

 
153

 

U.S. small business commercial (2)
480

 
457

 
134

 
472

 
4

 
817

 
7

Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. commercial
$
3,979

 
$
2,963

 
$
205

 
$
2,955

 
$
19

 
$
3,359

 
$
1

Commercial real estate
5,304

 
3,976

 
118

 
4,229

 
10

 
5,725

 
3

Non-U.S. commercial
509

 
156

 
8

 
159

 

 
223

 

U.S. small business commercial (2)
480

 
457

 
134

 
472

 
4

 
817

 
7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2011
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
With no recorded allowance
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. commercial
$
1,482

 
$
985

 
n/a

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate
2,587

 
2,095

 
n/a

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-U.S. commercial
216

 
101

 
n/a

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. small business commercial (2)

 

 
n/a

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
With an allowance recorded
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. commercial
$
2,654

 
$
1,987

 
$
232

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate
3,329

 
2,384

 
135

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-U.S. commercial
308

 
58

 
6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. small business commercial (2)
531

 
503

 
172

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. commercial
$
4,136

 
$
2,972

 
$
232

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate
5,916

 
4,479

 
135

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-U.S. commercial
524

 
159

 
6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. small business commercial (2)
531

 
503

 
172

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1) 
Interest income recognized includes interest accrued and collected on the outstanding balances of accruing impaired loans as well as interest cash collections on nonaccruing impaired loans for which the ultimate collectability of principal is not uncertain.
(2) 
Includes U.S. small business commercial renegotiated TDR loans and related allowance.
n/a = not applicable

The table below presents the March 31, 2012 and 2011 unpaid principal balance and carrying value of commercial loans that were modified as TDRs during the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, along with charge-offs that were recorded during the calendar quarter in which the modification occurred.

Commercial - TDRs Entered into During the Three Months Ended March 31, 2012
 
March 31, 2012
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2012
(Dollars in millions)
Unpaid Principal Balance
 
Carrying Value
 
Net Charge-offs
U.S commercial
$
356

 
$
344

 
$

Commercial real estate
339

 
252

 
4

Non-U.S. commercial

 

 

U.S. small business commercial (1)
10

 
10

 

Total
$
705

 
$
606

 
$
4

 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial - TDRs Entered into During the Three Months Ended March 31, 2011
 
March 31, 2011
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2011
U.S commercial
$
461

 
$
425

 
$
10

Commercial real estate
597

 
512

 
34

Non-U.S. commercial
11

 
11

 

U.S. small business commercial (1)
22

 
28

 

Total
$
1,091

 
$
976

 
$
44


(1) 
U.S. small business commercial TDRs are comprised of renegotiated small business card loans.

A commercial TDR is generally deemed to be in payment default when the loan is 90 days or more past due, including delinquencies that were not resolved as part of the modification. U.S. small business commercial TDRs are deemed to be in payment default during the quarter in which a borrower misses the second of two consecutive payments. Payment defaults are one of the factors considered when projecting future cash flows, along with observable market prices or fair value of collateral, when measuring the allowance for loan losses. TDRs that were in payment default at March 31, 2012 and 2011 had a carrying value of $173 million and $51 million for U.S. commercial, $457 million and $286 million for commercial real estate and $8 million and $22 million for U.S. small business commercial.

Purchased Credit-impaired Loans

The table below shows activity for the accretable yield on Countrywide Financial Corporation (Countrywide) consumer PCI loans. The $182 million reclassification from nonaccretable difference for the three months ended March 31, 2012 is primarily due to an increase in the expected life of the PCI loans. The reclassification did not increase the annual yield but, as a result of estimated slower prepayment speeds, added additional interest periods to the expected cash flows.

Rollforward of Accretable Yield
 
(Dollars in millions)
 
Accretable yield, January 1, 2011
$
5,481

Accretion
(1,285
)
Disposals/transfers
(118
)
Reclassifications from nonaccretable difference
912

Accretable yield, December 31, 2011
4,990

Accretion
(276
)
Disposals/transfers
(24
)
Reclassifications from nonaccretable difference
182

Accretable yield, March 31, 2012
$
4,872



See Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation's 2011 Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information on PCI loans and Note 6 – Allowance for Credit Losses for the carrying value and valuation allowance for Countrywide PCI loans.

Loans Held-for-sale

The Corporation had LHFS of $13.0 billion and $13.8 billion at March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011. Proceeds from sales, securitizations and paydowns of LHFS were $10.0 billion and $59.7 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011. Amounts used for originations and purchases of LHFS were $10.5 billion and $48.5 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011.